Benatia, AminaGouitaa, NajwaTurcan, InaGheorghiu, FeliciaUrsu, Laura-ElenaLeontie, LiviuMitoseriu, LilianaAhjyaje, Fatima ZahraLamcharfi, Taj-dineAbdi, Farid2026-04-292026-04-292026-03-172571-6131https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/9/3/33https://repository.iuls.ro/handle/20.500.12811/6244This research aims to investigate the modifications of the structural, dielectric, and sensing properties of CaFeO3−δ ceramics produced by solid-state reaction induced by varying sintering temperatures in the range of 1000–1200 °C. A single crystallographic orthorhombic (Pcmn) structure was revealed by X-ray diffraction with Rietveld analysis, both for the powders and sintered ceramics, irrespective of the sintering temperature. The increase in the sintering temperature induces better densification and a larger grain size. Dielectric measurements reveal a pronounced enhancement of the relative permittivity, reaching 2 × 105 at 1 kHz and 330 °C for the sample sintered at 1200 °C/4 h. This composition also displays the highest electrical conductivity, 0.4 S/m at 1 MHz. Cole–Cole analysis indicates a clear deviation from ideal Debye behavior, while the relaxational features of the dielectric permittivity suggest a strong correlation between the dielectric response and Fe-related conduction mechanisms. Gas sensing tests show that the ferrite ceramics exhibit consistent ethanol response trends. The ceramic sintered at 1200 °C/4 h achieved the highest sensitivity, of 56.28%, which can be attributed to its higher density, larger ceramic grains, and reduced low-frequency conductivity. The CaFeO3−δ ceramic sintered at 1200 °C/4 h shows a combination of high permittivity, enhanced conductivity, and strong ethanol sensitivity, making it a promising material for dielectric components, capacitive devices, and gas sensing applications.enCC BY 4.0https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/CaFeO3−δsintering temperaturedielectric propertieselectrical conductivityethanol sensingArticlehttps://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics9030033