Turcu, Cristina-IonelaTălmaciu, MihaiChelaru, Simona-MihaelaAftudor Manolache, AgurițaPerju, IonelSîrbu, SorinaIurea, Elena2026-06-172026-06-1720251454-7376https://repository.iuls.ro/handle/20.500.12811/6682The research was carried out at the Research Station for Fruit Growing Iași, during 2021–2022, with the objective of correlating climatic conditions with the biological dynamics of pests of the Laspeyresia Pomonella L. species in apple orchards. The year 2021 was characterized by an average annual temperature of 10.1°C (below the multiannual average of 11.0°C) and a precipitation amount of 563.6 mm, close to normal, but with an uneven distribution. In contrast, the year 2022 was more hostile, with an average temperature of 11.3°C, a maximum of 37.0°C and only 379.0 mm of precipitation, marking a deficit of -182.6 mm and causing severe water stress. Late spring frosts (down to -6.0°C in April 2022) affected the phenophases of apple and influenced the evolution of insect populations. Based on the accumulation of thermal degrees, two complete generations of pests were confirmed in both years. The first generation was triggered in April, with the emergence of adults, followed by egg laying and larval hatching in May (Σ≈200–270°C), pupation in June (Σ≈600–660°C) and adult maturation. The second generation took place in July–August (Σ≈1400–1500°C), and the mature larvae entered diapause in September–October (Σ≈1700°C). In conclusion, the data show that climatic variations (late frosts, droughts and excessively hot summers) influenced both the phenology of the trees and the synchronization of the biological stages of the pests, highlighting the need for ecological control strategies adapted to climate change.Englishfruit pestsphenologybiological stagesclimate changepopulation dynamicsArticle2069-8275