The influence of treatments with different phytosanitary products (fungicides) on the attack of some phytopathogenic fungi and on wheat harvest – Apache variety - in 2018 pedoclimatic conditions of the Eastern Bărăgan

Abstract

This study aims at monitoring the dynamics of the occurrence and evolution of the attack of some pathogenic agents to French wheat variety, Apache. Among these, we mention: Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici (sin. Puccinia triticina) which produces wheat’s brown rust and Septoria sp. which produces wheat’s brown leaf spotting (septoriosis). Also, the influence of applying these fungicides on the harvest was monitored, as compared to the untreated control variant. One experiment with 7 variants (6 variants with phytosanitary treatment, plus one control variant not treated) was taken into consideration for this study, for which the following homologated phytosanitary products for wheat (according to PEST –EXPERT) were used, as follows: FALCON 460 EC (triadimenole 43 g/l + buconazole167 g/l + spiroxamine 250 g/l), MYSTIC 250 EC (tebuconazole 250 g/l), BUMPER 250 EC (propiconazole 250 g/l), TOPSIN 500 SC (thyophanate-methyl 500 g/l). The treatment variants were the following: V1 - FALCON 460 EC 0.7 L/HA 1 treatment applied at spike’s releasing (12.05.2018), V2 - FALCON 460 EC 0.7 L/HA 1 treatment applied at straw’s extension (21.04.2018) + 1 treatment applied at kernel’s filling (1.06.2018), V3 - MYSTIC 250 EC 0.5 L/HA 1 treatment applied at spike’s releasing (12.05.2018), V4 – MYSTIC 250 EC 0.5 L/HA 1 treatment applied at straw’s extension (21.04.2018) + 1 treatment applied at kernel’ filling (1.06.2018), V5 – BUMPER 250 EC 0.25 l/ha + TOPSIN 500 SC 0,75 l/ha 1 treatment applied at spike’s releasing (12.05.2018),V6 – BUMPER 250 EC 0.25 l/ha + TOPSIN 500 SC 0,75 l/ha 1 treatment applied at straw’s extension (21.04.2018) + 1 treatment applied at kernel’ filling (1.06.2018) and V7 – untreated control variant. The experiment was placed in Latin square; the 7 variants being placed in 7 repetitions. Among the pathogenic agents under monitoring, Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici fungus, producing the brown rust, had produced the greatest attacks. The fungi of Septoria sp. variety producing the leaf’s brown rust (septoriosis) and Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici fungus, producing wheat’s mildew, produced rare attacks. The first two leaves placed under the spike had been analyzed for the above. These observations had led to the conclusion that for all 6 treatment variants, the degree of attack (D.A. %) of the two diseases was more reduced than at the untreated control variant. The harvests of the treated variants were as follows: V1 - 8434 kg/ha, V2 - 8866 kg/ha, V3 - 8742 kg/ha, V4 - 9072 kg/ha, V5 - 8907 kg/ha, V6 - 8701 kg/ha and V7 (control variant not treated) - 8454 kg/ha.