Clinical approach, diagnosis and therapeutic management in cystitis in dogs and cats

Abstract

Cystitis as a primary suffering is found in an overwhelming percentage among females, as a consequence of favorable factors such as bladder topography and bladder size. This condition has a high degree of variability in terms of prognosis and therapeutic success. The purpose of this paper is to present the etiological and evolutionary features of cystitis and also the response to treatment at patients in different stages of cystitis. The studied cases were investigated in two private clinics in Bucharest according to the following protocol: anamnesis, clinical examination, urine examination (cytological, uroculture, summary and urinary sediment) and ultrasonographic examination. The paraclinical examinations included the biochemical analysis of the blood, the hemoleucogram (CBC) and the urine examinations in order to assess the specific parameters of the urinary tract disorders. Ultrasound was used, as a fast, non-invasive method by which it can be identified changes in bladder topography, bladder integrity, inflammation, accumulation of uroliths at different stages, as well as possible neoplastic formations. The established treatments aimed at calming the symptoms in order to prevent an irreversible decompensation of the general status of the patient, as well as healing and preventing any recurrences. In both species, there was a predominance of the prevalence of cystitis secondary to the processes of urinary lithiasis among males, as well as an increased predisposition of bacterial complications in the bladder among females. Among the methods used for examination, ultrasound proved to be indispensable for a correct diagnosis. In both species, it was observed that there is a direct correlation between the sex of the patient and the type of cystitis installed. There was no direct correlation between the patient's hormonal status and the risk coefficient for the development of urinary calculi and the appearance of cystitis. Therapeutic management of cystitis comprises a wide range of drugs that address both the etiology and symptomatology of cystitis, which is why treatments have most often led to the healing of patients even if sometimes there were relapses.