2012

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Immunosuppressive action of deoxynivalenol of thymus in chickens
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-09-05) Solcan, Carmen; Cotea, Corneliu; Solcan, Gheorghe
Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) is a type B-trichothecene, naturally occurring contaminants of animal feed, being implicated in several mycotoxicoses in farm livestock. This mycotoxin occurs predominantly in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, and maize, and less often in rice, sorghum, and triticale. Deoxynivalenol is potent nefrotoxic, hepatotoxic and immunosuppressant. High doses of trichothecenes promote rapid onset of leukocyte apoptosis (programmed cell death), which is manifested as immunosuppression. The study aimed to prove the immunosuppressant action of deoxynivalenol in chickens experimentally treated each day, from the 7th day of life, using 5,4 mg/kg b.w in E group for 28 days (since 35 days of life). Histopathology studies of thymus were made on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days of experiment. In E group small lesions of thymus were observed even after 7th day of poisoning but intense lesions, hydropic degeneration, necrotic foci and moderate lymphoid depletion was observed after the 14th and 21st day of poisoning. After 28th day a marked proliferation of stromal cells in the reticulum network, in medulla zone, presence of mucous cells, small mucous cysts and haemorages were observed.
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Phenolic compounds in Merlot wines obtained through different technologies in Iaşi vineyard, Romania
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-08-27) Tudose Sandu Ville, Ștefan; Cotea, Valeriu V.; Colibaba, Lucia-Cintia; Nechita, Bogdan; Niculaua, Marius; Codreanu, Maria
Obtaining red quality wines depends on the raw matter composition and also on the extraction technology, used in the processing of grape and must. Thus, two methods of maceration-fermentation on lees (classical and in rotating tanks), two thermal methods (thermomaceration and microwave maceration) and two methods rarely used industrially in wine-making (cryomaceration and ultrasound maceration) were experimented. Even in the years with less than favorable climatic conditions, from Merlot grape variety one obtained for the most part, legally speaking, quality wines (with the exception of microwave macerated and cryomacerated wines, which had only 21–22 g/L non-reducing extract. In regard to alcohol content, all obtained samples had more than 11% vol. The obtained Merlot wines were rich in glycerol (8–9 g/L), fact that favorably influenced their organoleptic traits. Total phenolic content had values between 1,97 and 2,86 g/L for the Merlot wines obtained through macerationfermentation and thermomaceration. Ultrasound maceration did not favor phenolic extraction from grape skins and the obtained wines were poor in anthocyans and tannins (0,94–1,1 g/L). In regard to the maceration technology used, free anthocyans were found in variable proportions in wines, between 77 and 91%. The sum of acylated anthocyans participation percentages was between 8,8 and 22,7%, and the ratio between the acetylated and cumarilated participation percentages registered small values, varietyspecific, between 1,1 and 2,8.
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GIS-aided analysis of vineyards damaged by winter frosts. Case study: Cotnari vineyard (Romania)
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-09-17) Irimia, Liviu-Mihai; Patriche, Cristian-Valeriu; Quénol, H.
Thermal regime of Cotnari vineyard, Iaşi County, Romania, was surveyed between 2011-2012 using 10 Tinytag temperature loggers TK-4014, spread in 10 different lands of the vineyard. Research is developed in the framework of the international project TERVICLIM (France), by means of was created a global network of analyses points of vineyard climate, spread in 13 countries from both hemispheres of the globe, at different latitudes. The data recorded by temperature loggers in Cotnari vineyard shows that in 2011-2012 winter, the minimum temperatures dropped to -28.6ºC, with differences of up to 7.1ºC between the coldest and the mildest lands of the vineyard. Spatial distribution of the most harmful frost (12 February 2012) shows that more than 80% from the vineyard area was exposed to temperatures lower than -24ºC, 17% to harmful temperatures between -21..- 24ºC and 3% to temperatures between -18..- 21ºC, less damaging to vines. As consequences, the damages in the vine plantations varied from less significant negative consequences for vines in the mildest location, up to massive losses of winter buds, damages of annual branches and frozen vines in the coldest land of the vineyard. Analytical data of winter buds losses spatial distribution shows that at - 28.6ºC (absolute minimum temperature for the vineyard), 0.46% (7.29 ha) of vine plantations were exposed to vines losses, 3.81% of plantations to losses of annual branches, 62.49% from vine plantations to winter buds losses exceeding 40%, difficult to compensate by pruning, 13.5% to losses of winter buds exceeding 60%, requiring reestablishing the vegetative potential of vines. The only vine plantations protected by harmful frosts were those located at over 175 m altitude, in the highest lands of the vineyards.
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Research regarding the influence of ethephon on the ripe acerola (Malpighia glabra L.)
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-09-19) Quoc, L.P.T.; Dat, C.P.; Hang, A.T.; Mi, T.H.; Nga, L.T.T.
These days, there are many types of chemicals which have ability to hasten the ripe fruit and affect the quality of fruits like calcium carbide, ethylene, acetylene, gibberellic acid. The objective of this research determines the influence of ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid or ethrel) on the ripe acerolas (Malpighia glabra L.). Because the acerolas are the common fruit in Vietnam and another Asia countries, it had a lot of water and high nutrition, especially reducing sugars and acid ascorbic. The acerolas samples was soaked into ethephon solution at concentrations of 0, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 % (v/v), then preserved in basket covered with cloth in conditions: temperature 30±1.4 oC, relative humidity 72±10 %. The use of specifications for evaluating were the percentage of ripe fruits, weight loss, the content of reducing sugar, total acidity and sensory evaluation of acerolas. The results showed that acerolas soaked into concentration of 2 % (v/v) ethephon have stimulated fruits that were the quick and uniform maturity; peel of acerolas was very smooth, red and characteristic flavour. Consumers are not unpleasant with the sensory evaluation quality of fruits soaked with ethephon. The ethephon residue in fruit after treatment did not harm in consumer’s health and it was absolutely suitable for the food law in Vietnam.
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Effect of nitrogen on growth and yield of sorghum forage (Sorghum bicolor ( L.) Moench cv.) under three cuttings system
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-09-26) Afzal, M.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, A.U.H.
A field experiment was conducted on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv.) under three cutting system to determine the effect of nitrogen on growth and yield at University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, during the season 2010-2011. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), using three replications. There were four levels of nitrogen 0, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/acre in the form of urea. The growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf area is determined periodically. First reading taken after 20 days of sowing while second and third was taken after 15 days of first cutting. Yield parameter like plant population, fresh and dry weight was determined in three cuttings. Results showed that increasing nitrogen dose increased all growth attributes. Results revealed for first, second and third cuttings showed significant differences at all growth attributes. Thus, the maximum plant height was observed in N4 (100 kg N/acre), having plant height 193.92, 195.24 and 192.79 cm in first, second and third cutting, respectively, which was followed by the treatment N3 (75 kg N/acre), having 179.70 cm in first cutting, while second and third cutting have same plant height 168.62 cm. The exception was the plant population showed non significant behavior in second and third cutting while number of leaves per plant in second cutting only and protein % in third cutting showed non significant difference with nitrogen application.
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Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars to nitrogen applications at vegetative and reproductive stages
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-08-08) Aliloo, A.A.; Khorsandy, H.; Mustafavi, S.H.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of foliar spraying of aqueous solutions 2 and 4% urea at two stages (before and after flowering) and 20 kg/ha urea application in soil (three-week after sowing) on growth, yield and yield components of chickpea cultivars (Azad and ILC 482) under rain-fed conditions. Results showed that the plant height, height of lower pod and 100-seed weight were significantly affected by cultivars. Plant height of Azad cultivar was significantly higher than that of cv. ILC 482. There was no significantly difference between cv. Azad and cv. ILC482 on biological yield. Grain yield of cv. ILC 482 was 4.2% less than that of cv. Azad, however, this difference was not statistically significant. The interaction of urea application × cultivar for days to maturity and pods per plant was significant. Lowest days to maturity of Azad were achieved under 20 kg urea applications but for ILC482, it was recorded under 4% urea spraying before flowering. Urea spraying at before flowering of ILC 482 cause reduction in days to maturity, and lowest period was observed at this stage. The effect of urea treatment on plant height was notable but other traits were not significantly affected by nitrogen applications. Highest plant height was obtained by application of 20 kg/ha urea in soil. However, difference among 20 kg urea application, 2% and 4% urea spraying before flowering was not significant. It can be concluded that the nitrogen fertilizer applying in rain-fed chickpea is not effective. Consequently, unused nitrogen in the soil/or plant can cause soil and air pollution.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Natural occurence of deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin a in conventional maize hybrids and their biosafety compared with GM equivalents
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-09-29) Muhammad, S.A.
Familiarity based approval of the newly developed GM cereal events is based upon the stable and safe consumption of conventional grains. The level of concentrations of mycotoxins and biomolecules establishes the criteria for premarket evaluation of genetically modified cereals e.g. MON 810 maize. The objective of the present study was to comparatively evaluate food biosafety of the conventional and GM maize. Grain samples from the harvest lot of 10 maize hybrids in the year 2011 were collected arbitrarily. Well ground and homogenized samples were analysed for the deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA) mycotoxins. Contamination rates and levels of DON and OTA were low and did not exceed the maximum levels, indicating their possible safe use as food and feed under the EC regulation 1881/2006.The samples were further analysed for the possible effect of mycotoxin concentration upon that of starch and proteins. The study reveals the absence of any negative impact of the presence of mycotoxins upon these biomolecules as their concentrations lie within the normal range. A comparative review of data for the mycotoxins in conventional maize grains invalidate the argument from the producers of GM maize hybrids that conventional hybrids are inferior for food biosafety with respect to mycotoxins.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Soil erosion and conservation measures in Moldavian Plateau
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-08-10) Ailincăi, Costică; Jităreanu, Gerard; Bucur, Daniel; Ailincăi, Despina
The long-term experiments carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of Podu-Iloaiei, Iaşi County, Romania, tried to establish some fertilization systems for getting efficient yield increases, which maintain or increase the content of organic carbon from soil. These trials were set up on a 16% slope field, with a cambic Chernozem soil, which has a clayey-loam texture, a neuter to weakly acid response and a mean supply in nutrients. Analyzes performed on soil profiles after 44 years, on land with a slope of 16% and slope length of 310 m, shows that the entire length of slope soil fertility were very different, being influenced by processes of erosion and silting. Soil organic carbon, the depth of 0-20 cm, was between 45.94 t / ha, the foot slope and 27.45 t / ha in the mid-slope area with strong erosion. From the results obtained on erosion in different crop rotations, we have found out that in 16% slope fields from the Moldavian Plateau, soil losses by erosion were diminished below the allowable limit of 3-4 t/ha/year only in case of 4 year-crop rotations with two reserve fields, cultivated with legumes and perennial grasses, which protect soil. Annual soil losses by erosion, registered during the last 30 years, in the Moldavian Plateau, were between 0.246 t/ha in perennial grasses, on the second year of vegetation, and 8.976 t/ha in sunflower. The fertilization of wheat and maize crops at the rate of N80P80 + 60 t/ha manure has determined the increase with 5.5 t/ha (7.8%) in the content of organic carbon from soil, as compared to the rate of N140P100.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Investigation of avalanche time and carr’s index of poultry litter powder as flowability indices
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-09-02) Valaei, I.; Hassan Beygi, S.R.; Kianmehr, M.H.; Massah, J.
The world’s dependence on chemical fertilizer as the primary source for enriching agricultural fields is continually increasing that cause nature pollution. This has led researchers to aggressively investigate renewable fertilizer resources, biomass, to produce organic crops and reduced wastage. Poultry litter is a bulk solid and biomass feed stocks. Flow behavior of bulk solid is a critical factor in designing and developing suitable equipments (e.g. pelletizing machine). The bulk density, tap density, Carr’s index and powder avalanche time technique were applied to evaluate the flow properties of poultry litter. The experiments were carried out at moisture content (10, 20 and 30% w.b.), particle size (0.3, 0.6 and 1.18 mm) for the bulk and tap densities as well as Carr’s index. In addition to the moisture content (10, 20 and 30 %w.b.) and particle size (0.3, 0.6 and 1.18 mm) the rotational speed of drum (0.5, 1 and1.5 rpm) were also investigated for the avalanche time. The results showed that with increasing moisture content Carr’s index increased significantly (P<0.01) in the ranges of 16.2% to 18.5% and with increasing particle size the Carr’s index decreased from 20.35% to 14.78%. The litter powder avalanche time (AT) increased significantly (P<0.01) with increasing moisture content and decreasing rotational speed and particle size. The bulk and tap densities of the litter powder was decreased with increasing moisture content and increasing the particle size. The bulk and tap densities of the driest and finest poultry litter sample were higher than other ones.
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Influence of different fertilization level of zinc sulphate and plant density on the breakage susceptibility of triticale seeds
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-07-21) Shahbazi, F.; Sharafi, R.; Biranvand, F.; Tolabi, N.Z.
In order to determine the effects of different fertilization level of zinc sulphate and plant density on the breakage susceptibility of triticale seeds an experiment was conducted during 2011 growing season, at the experimental research station of Lorestan University, Iran. A factorial experiment was conducted with 3×3 treatments and three replications in a completely randomized block design (CRBD). Factors included three plant densities (200, 300 and 400 plants/m2) and three levels of zinc sulphate (0 - control, 40 and 60 kg/ha). The harvested seeds were then subjected to impact energies of 0.05 and 0.1 J at constant moisture content of 15% using an impact test apparatus. The analysis of variance showed that fertilization level of zinc sulphate (at the 1% probability level), plant density (at the 5% level) and interaction between two variables (at the 5% level) significantly influenced breakage susceptibility of triticale seeds. The average values of percentage breakage of seeds decreased from 32.592 to 16.9268% as the fertilization level of zinc sulphate increased from 0 to 60kg/ha. As the plant density increased from 200 to 400 plants/m2 the percentage breakage of seeds decreased from 27.942 to 21.350%. Increasing the impact energy from 0.05 to 0.1 J caused an increase in the percentage breakage of seeds from 14.07 to 36.9%.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Studies on treatments results from cows with ovarian disorders in relation to year and season
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-05-24) Ruginosu, Elena; Sofronie, Mariana; Borș, Silviu-Ionuț; Creangă, Șteofil; Dascălu, Dan-Lucian
The studies were performed in the dairy farm from Dancu Research and Development Station for Cattle Breeding, Iaşi, Romania, for a period of 5 consecutive years (2007- 2011), an effective annual rolled of 450 cows Bălţată cu Negru Românească (Romanian Black Spotted) breed.The experimental groups were composed of cows with anoestrus in 60 days postpartum interval, diagnosed by rectal examination with various ovarian disorders: persistent corpus luteum - group E1-162 cows and luteal cysts- group E2-138 cows. The treatments according to diagnosis were applied: PGF2α-,500 mcg/cow- group E1 and Gn-RH, (Receptal, 5 ml/cow-group E2). In relation to the year in which treatments were applied some variations in reproduction indices were found. Regarding to average intervals from treatment to first insemination and from treatment to conception respectively, significant differences were not found. Regarding to average conception rates after treatments, significant differences were found: in E1group, conception rate at the first insemination was 30,9% (with annual variations between 15,0% in 2008 and 41,1% in 2009) (p<0,01); per total insemination was 64,42 % (with annual variations between 44,7% - 2011 and 76,9% - 2007) (p<0,001) and pregnancy index was of 2,4 (with annual variations between 1,9 - 2009 and 2,8 – 2008); in E2 group, conception rate to first insemination was 25,96% (with annual variations between 16,66% - 2011 and 40% - 2010) (p<0,01); per total insemination was 77,88% (with annual variation between 52,17% - 2008 and 85,0% - 2010) (p<0,001) and pregnancy index of 2,4 (with annual variations between 2,1 - 2007 and 2,6 - 2008 and 2009). In relation to season in which treatments were applied, we found different variations in conception rates: in group E1, the average conception rates at the first insemination were between 24,24 % (autumn) and 40,7% (summer) (p<0,05) and per total inseminations between 75,0% (spring) and 85,71% (autumn) (p<0,05); in group E2, the average conception rates at the first insemination were between 5,3% (summer) and 48,5% (spring) (p<0,001) and per total inseminations between 68,4% (summer) and 81,8% (spring) (p<0,05). We believe that annual and seasonal variations found in this work are due to some deficiencies of management system in dairy farms, such as the stalls prolonged maintenance and lack of active movement in the cold season, inadequate microclimate of shelters, heat stress and deficiencies in cows feeding , especially those with higher milk production.
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The effect of sorbitol and conservation period on the in vitro evolution of Solanum tuberosum L. plantlets
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-06-15) Ciobanu, Iustina-Brîndușa; Constantinovici, Dana
Local potato varieties are kept at Suceava Genebank, Romania, in the experimental field collection and in vitro by slow growth method which allows limited plantlets growth, thus prolonging the time between two subcultures. The paper presents some results concerning the influence of a growth inhibitor, namely sorbitol (as osmotic agent), in the development of plantlets belonging to five local varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), after different periods of in vitro storage, while reducing temperature and light intensity. During the experiment were evaluated several morphological aspects: number, length and branching of shoots, roots, number of viable nodes and number of viable shoots. The observations revealed that there has been registered a growth retardation of inoculums, while maintaining their viability and vitality. Although there were differences in growth patterns of these five potato varieties, as a general rule, the main effects of growing conditions has been a reduced plantlets height (2-4 cm) by the shortening of internodes and the contraction of leaflets size, to 1.5-2 mm. The results obtained during in vitro conservation for 17 months, of five local potato varieties on MS medium with 40 g/l sorbitol (C24 culture media), recommend this solution for a wider use in the preservation of potato collection from the Suceava Genebank.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The dynamics of cell division in some local potato varieties cultivated in vitro on micropropagation medium
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-05-15) Ciobanu, Iustina-Brîndușa; Constantinovici, Dana; Crețu, L.
This study was performed to reveal the changes in cell division, as a result of the prolonged period of subculture on micropropagation medium, of five local varieties of Solanum tuberosum L. maintained on in vitro collection at Suceava Genebank, Romania. For this purpose it was used the Murashige-Skoog medium (MS- 1962) with addition of 40 g/l sucrose, and 6 mg/l daminozide. The effect of prolonged period of subculture up to two and 12 months was expressed as mitotic index and frequency of cells with abnormal division. Mitotic index ranged from 20.1 to 22.1% after 12 days, between 15.5 - 17.7% after two months and between 17.7 - 19.2% after 12 months of subculture. The results obtained showed that the frequency of aberrant cells increased with the preservation time on the in vitro cultures and their accumulation rate depended on the genotype. Were identified interphases with micronuclei, metaphases with retarded chromosomes, ana-telophases with chromosomal bridges, retarded chromosomes and chromosomal fragments, but their percentage was low in all the genotypes.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Agro-economic evaluation of various maize hybrids under different planting patterns
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-05-11) Saqib, M.; Zamir, M.S.I.; Tanveer, A.; Ahmad, A.U.H.
An experiment was carried out at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to assess the agro-economic performance of two maize hybrids (SIPRA-4444 and TS- 13) under five different sowing patterns viz. ridge sowing 60 cm apart rows, bed sowing 60 cm apart rows, 60 cm apart single row strips, 90 cm apart double row strips and 120 cm apart triple row strips. The results indicated that the hybrids and the sowing patterns had a significant influence on the grain yield of maize. SIPRA-4444 produced maximum grain yield (6.02 tha-1) as compared to TS-13 (5.80 tha-1). Among the planting methods, ridge sowing produced highest grain yield (7.13 t ha-1). The interactive effect of hybrids and sowing methods showed that the hybrid SIPRA - 4444 produced maximum yield when it was sown on 60 cm apart ridges. From economic point of view, maximum net income of Rs. 114172 and benefit to cost ratio of (2.37) was obtained when the hybrid SIPRA-4444 was sown on 60 cm spaced ridges.
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Osmo and hydro priming mediated germination improvement under cold stress conditions in mountain rye (Secale montanum)
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-05-31) Ansari, O.; Sharif Zadeh, F.
Seed priming techniques have been used to increase germination, improve germination uniformity and seedling establishment under stressed conditions. Seed priming was used in rye mountain (Secale montanum) to increase seed germination and tolerance on stress exposure (Cold stress). Rye seeds were treated with water (Hydro priming) and polyetelyn glycol 6000 (Osmo priming). The effect of priming was assessed on germination characteristics under cold stress (at 3◦C) for 7 days. Analyze of variance for hydro priming showed that temperature × time of priming interaction was significantly (P < 0.01) for all traits under cold stress and for osmo priming showed that Concentration of PEG × Temperature × Time of priming interaction was significantly (P < 0.01) for all traits under cold stress except seedling dry weight (SDW). For hydro priming the highest germination percentage (GP) was attained from hydro priming at 15±1°C for 16 h (70%), whereas the highest normal seedling percentage (NSP) (22.5%), germination index (GI) (8.57), seedling vigor index (SVI) (38.9) and seedling length (SL) (1.7 cm) were in the hydro priming at 10±1°C for 16 h. For osmo priming the highest germination percentage (GP) (80 and 80.5%), normal seedling percentage (NSP) (48 and 45%), seedling vigor index (SVI) (101.26 and 85.25) and seedling length (SL) (2.11 and 1.89 cm) observed in the osmo priming with concentrations of -9 and -15 bar PEG at 15±1°C for 24 h.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The evolution of soil fertility under longterm experiments in the Moldavian Plateau
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-06-02) Ailincăi, Despina; Ailincăi, Costică
The paper presented the results of investigations concerning the influence of long-term fertilization (43 years) on some chemical characteristics of soil from the Moldavian Plateau, of wheatmaize rotation. The studies were performed on a typical cambic chernozem soil, prevailing in the Moldavian Plateau, and followed the dosing of fertilizers which ensures an efficient production increases and determines maintain or increase soil organic carbon content. Soil that has been placed experiences-clay loam, neutral to slightly acid reaction and a medium nutrient supply. On lands from the Moldavian Plateau, maintaining a good supply in mobile phosphorus for field crops (37-72 mg/kg) was done in case of the annual application of a rate of N100P100, and a very good supply in mobile phosphorus (69-78) and mobile potassium (over 200 mg/kg) was found at a rate of N100P100+60 t/ha manure. In wheat-maize rotation, applying a rate of N100P100 , for 43 years, has determined the pH decrease until the limit of moderately acid interval (5.1-5.8) and was maintained within the weakly acid interval (5.9-6.8) in case of the annual application of a rate of N50P50 + 60 t/ha manure. Soil organic carbon content, in wheat - maize rotation, decreased after 43 years of experiences from 19.8 to 16.3 g/kg in unfertilized variant and until 18.1 g/kg in case of the annual application of a rate of N100P100. In wheat - maize rotation, the significant increase in organic carbon content from soil has been registered at higher than N50P50 + 40 t/ha manure and at N100P100 + 60 t/ha manure. The determinations of mean annual amounts of nitrogen exported from soil by wheat (grains + straw) have shown that in wheat crop, its values varied according to fertilizers system, between 71.5 and 128.4 kg/ha. In maize crop, of the mean annual amounts of nitrogen exported from soil varied according to applied fertilizers, between 64.6 and 178.9 kg/ha.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Assessment of drought tolerance indices in bread wheat genotypes under different sowing dates
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-06-12) Mohammadi, S.; Janmohammadi, M.; Javanmard, A.; Sabaghnia, N.; Rezaie, M.; Yazdansepas, A.
The capability of a genotype to achieve acceptable yield over a broad range of sub-optimum and suitable conditions is extremely imperative. Late planting and end-season drought stress are two main factors limiting wheat yield in northwest of Iran. In a 2-year field experiment at Miandoab, Iran, the ability of several selection indices to identify drought resistant genotypes under different sowing dates and moisture conditions were evaluated. Six genotypes of differing response to water scarcity were planted at 20-d intervals on three dates from 11 October to 20 November. Drought resistance indices were utilized on the basis of grain yield under end-season drought (Ys) and normal (YN) conditions. Evaluation of MP, HARM, GM, STI, TOL, SSI, RDI, YSI and Yr indicated that late sowing (20 Nov) significantly decreased drought tolerance in all investigated genotypes. However, yield comparisons under normal and terminal drought stress conditions revealed that promising lines (C-81-4, C-81- 10, C-81-14 and C-82-12) had better performance than local checks (Zarrin and Alvand). Furthermore under both moisture conditions C-81-10 genotype had the greatest grain yield. Based on drought indices like as MP, GMP, STI and HARM C-81-10 genotype introduced as the most tolerant genotype to end-season drought stress. Grain yield showed a positive and significant correlation with HARM, GMP, MP, STI and YI indices were more efficient for recognizing high performance genotypes under different sowing dates and diverse moisture stress.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Effect of zinc sulfate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn (Zea mays) in drought stress
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-05-25) Vazin, F.
In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Research Farm, Islamic Azad University of Gonabad as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots with irrigation factor and four levels were considered: A) full irrigation, B) stopping irrigation at pollination step, and C) stopping irrigation at the seed filling and four levels of zinc sulfate including 0 and 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% spraying (tassel initiation and grain filling) were as the subplots. The drought stress reduced the thousand kernels weight (TKW) in seed filling stage and the number of seeds per ear in tasseling stage about 11% and 27% less than the one of control treatment, respectively. Zinc increased the thousand kernels weight from 27.3 to 31.3 grams and induced an increase in the number of seeds per ear from 710 to 770. The results obtained within the present research showed that zinc spray has fairly improved the effects caused by drought stress.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Breakage susceptibility of wheat and triticale seeds related to moisture content and impact energy
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-06-18) Shahbazi, F.; Dowlatshah, A.; Valizadeh, S.
Mechanical damage of seeds due to harvest, handling and other process is an important factor that affects the quality and quantity of seeds. Seed damage result in lower grain value, storability problem, and reduced seed germination and seedling vigor and subsequent yield of crops. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of moisture content and impact energy on the breakage susceptibility of wheat and triticale seeds. The experiments were conducted at five moisture contents of 7.5, 12, 17, 22 and 27% w.b. and at the impact energies of 0.05 and 0.1 J. The percentage of breakage of both wheat and triticale seeds increased as impact energy increased. The analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between breakage susceptibility of wheat and triticale seeds at the 1% probability level. Triticale seeds had more breakage than wheat seeds. For both wheat and triticale seeds as the moisture content of the seeds increased, the amount of the percentage breakage of seeds decreased as a polynomial. The average values of percentage breakage of wheat seeds decreased from 43.81 to 19.88% as the moisture content increased from 7.5 to 27%. Over this same moisture content range the percentage breakage of triticale seeds varied from 81.34 to 37.77%. Below the moisture contents of 17% for the wheat and 22% for the triticale the percentage breakage of seeds increased dramatically.
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Study regarding effectiveness of some plant extracts and different pesticides against an Erwinia amylovora (Burrill.) Winslow et al., strain isolated from quince
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2012-04-07) Chiriac, Irina-Paraschiva; Ulea, Eugen
The interest in management fire blight prevention and control increased considerably in last years due to pathogen spread almost throughout the country. The objective of this paper focuses on testing of some plant extracts such as Salvia officinalis, Thymus serpyllum, Pelargonium odoratissimum, Hedera helix, Ocimum basilicum, Levisticum officinale, Tagetes patula, Galium verum and different pesticides against an Erwinia amylovora strain isolated from quince dameged samples. In this study, the biological material was represented by quince shoots, harvested from pomological collection of "Vasile Adamachi" farm, which belongs to University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Iaşi. The research were performed in the Phytopathology laboratory. Following the experiment performed note that among the eight plant extracts a good antibacterial activity has Pelargonium odoratissimum, Ocimum basilicum and Salvia officinalis and of the three pesticides, Alcupral 50 PU. Contrary to expectations worst results were obtained after testing Aliette 80 WG and Hedera helix products. The results were estimated statisticaly, by performing ANOVA test.

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