2018

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.iuls.ro/handle/20.500.12811/507

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Physicochemical traits of seedless barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) fruits stored under refrigeration as affected by heat and calcium chloride treatments
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-10-03) Moradinezhad, Farid; Mehregan, M.; Jahani, M.
The loss of chemical characteristics and quality of the fresh seedless barberry fruit during storage and qualitative losses of its dried fruit are the most important postharvest challenges in barberry industry and its exports. The fresh harvested fruit samples were dried using an electrical drier at 50°C to 50% moisture content. Thereafter, the effects of hot water alone (65°C for 45 sec), and hot water + 2% calcium chloride were carried out on the quality maintenance and chemicals during the cold storage of seedless barberry. The results showed that the samples treated with calcium chloride stored at 2°C had the highest TSS over time, whereas the titratable acidity of barberry fruits was not significantly affected by postharvest treatments. Hot water alone or in combination with calcium chloride treatment increased redness and chroma values result in better appearance quality than control. In addition, the treatments reduced the variable L* and thereby enhanced fruit lightness. The highest antioxidant content (% 77.92) was observed in hot water treated samples and the lowest (% 54.28) was obtained on control. Also, the highest amount of anthocyanins and antioxidants were obtained from samples treated with hot water. Only calcium chloride treatment had a significant effect on Ca content of the samples. The results revealed that postharvest application of hot water and calcium chloride treatments improved the appearance quality and nutritional values of fresh seedless barberry fruit, as well as extend the cold storage life, likely due to reduced pathogen contamination.
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Performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as influenced by 2,4 – dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and NPK fertilizer
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-10-03) Eifediyi, E.K.; Ogedegbe, F.O.; Izuogu, N.B.; Adedokun, C.A.; Katibi, A.; Remison, S.U.
The Guinea savannah zone of Nigeria is beset by increasing population and infrastructural development, thereby putting pressure on available land with rapidly declining fertility due to low organic matter content, soil erosion, high temperature and seasonal bush burning. Sesame is cultivated in this zone and the yield has remained very low, compared to yield in other parts of the world. This could be attributed to poor nutrient status and poor cultural practices used by peasant farmers. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, in a southern Guinea savannah zone in 2015 and repeated in 2016 cropping season to determine the effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a plant growth regulator and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of sesame. The experiment was laid out as a factorial arrangement, fitted into a randomized complete block design replicated thrice. The factors imposed were 2,4-D (0, 5 and 10 ppm ha-1) and NPK 15:15:15 (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1). Data were collected on vegetative traits (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area) and yield components (number of capsules per plant; yield per plant and per hectare). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Genstat statistical package 17th edition and significant means were separated by using the least significant difference at 5% level of probability. The result revealed that using plant growth regulator and NPK fertilizer had significant effects (p<0.05) on plant height (151 cm) and yield per hectare (530 kg/ha). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the seeds further reaffirmed the presence of bioactive compounds, such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which are important health promoting food in the seeds.
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Morphological characteristics and seed germination improvement of two ecotypes of Astragalus armatus Willd. subsp. armatus in Algeria
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-10-03) Kheloufi, A.; Mansouri, L.M.; Bouafia, B.; Khamari, Y.; Kheloufi, H.; Bouguern, Y.
Astragalus armatus Willd. subsp. armatus is an endemic shrub of the Northern Africa. Its cultivation and domestication are very limited because of difficulty with seed germination and establishment. In this study, we investigated some plant morphological characteristics in real time and in situ (leaves, fruit and seeds) of different ecotypes of A. armatus, collected from two sites in Algeria (Arid Steppe of Aïn Naga and Condorcet Mountain), which elevation and climate data are very different. Moreover, the role played by the seed coat in seed dormancy of these two different populations was tested by the effects of the pretreatment and its duration on the performance of seed germination, by considering the final germination percentage (FGP) and the mean germination time (MGT). These parameters are estimated for 10 days in Petri dishes and stored in darkness at (25°C). Pre-sowing treatments included immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid for 30, 60 and 90 min, and immersion in hot water (100°C) for 10 min. Statistical analysis showed that the treatment and the ecotypes effects on both FGP and MGT were highly significant (p< 0.0001). Untreated seeds of both ecotypes of A. armatus failed to germinate (except for a few of Condorcet Mountain ecotypes). For both populations, the most effective treatment was immersion in sulphuric acid for 60 min for the ecotype of Arid Steppe of Aïn Naga, and only 30 min for Condorcet Mountain. An excellent germinative strength is characterized by a higher FGP and a reduced MGT. The morphological characteristic and seed germination could be attributed to intraspecific variations resulting from the natural selection of the same species.
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Heteroptera (hemiptera) species determined in pistachio orchards of Siirt province with a new record for fauna of Turkey: Yotvata nergal Linnavuori, 1993
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-10-03) Özgen, İ.; Çerçi, B.; Kaya, C.
This study was carried out at pistachio orchards of Siirt province (Merkez and Aydınlar) between 2008-2009. The insect species obtained with this study in pistachio orchards were; Palomena mursili Linnavuori, 1984, Stagonomus bipunctatus Linnaeus, 1758, Macroscytus brunneus Fabricius, 1803, Lethaeus cribratissimus Stål, 1858, Stenodema turanica Reuter, 1904, Pseudoloxops sangrudanus Linnavuori, 2006 , Psallus perrisi Mulsant and Rey, 1852 Macrolophus glaucescens Fieber, 1858, Acrorrhinium atricorne Linnavuori, 2006, Campylomma diversicornis Reuter, 1878, Nanopsallus carduellus Horváth, 1888, Camptocera glaberrima Walker, 1872, Anthocoris minki Dohrn, 1860, Yotvata nergal, Alloeotomus cyprius Wagner, 1953, Calocoris roseomaculatus angularis De Geer, 1773, Horistus orientalis Gmelin, 1790, Deraeocoris serenus Douglas and Scott, 1868, Beosus quadripunctatus Müller, 1766, Megalonotus maximus Puton, 1895, Nysius cymoides Spinola, 1837, Cantacader quadricornis Lepeletier and Serville, 1828 , Lethaeus picipes Herrich- Schäffer, 1853, Acrorrhinium conspersus Noualhier, 1895, Trigonotylus pulchellus Hahn, 1834 and Alloeomimus kurdus Hoberlandt, 1953. Yotvata nergal Linnavuori, 1993 is a new record for entomo-fauna of Turkey.
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Evaluation of the nematicidal and antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves and seed in cucumber field
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-10-03) Olajide, M.C.; Izuogu, N.B.; Apalowo, R. A.; Baba, H.S.
This aim of the two-year study was to evaluate the nematicidal and antifungal activity of Moringa oleifera extracts against Meloidogyne incognita and fungi infestation in cucumber field. The aqueous extracts of leaves and seeds of M. oleifera were used to treat the plants. The findings of the present study revealed that the plant extracts were active against the test pathogens. All treated plants were significantly higher than the control with respect to number of leaves and branches, vine length, fruit weight, and yield. Of the two varieties of cucumber used, combination of cucumber market with moringa aqueous leaf extracts gave higher results. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins. These possess nematicidal and antifungal activities. Combination of variety 2, Market More with Moringa leaves aqueous extract is being recommended to farmers for management of nematode and fungal diseases. Organic amendments have the advantage of controlling environmental effluence.
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Effect of bio fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers on growth, productivity and quality of bread wheat cultivars
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-10-03) Hafez, E.M.; Badawy, S.A.
Integrated nutrient management strategies involving chemical and biological fertilizer is a real challenge to stop using the high rates of agrochemicals and to enhance sustainability of crop production. In order to study the effects of biofertilizers (Cerialin and Nitrobein) and chemical nitrogen levels (0, 85,170 and 250 kg N ha-1) on yield and yield attributes of two wheat cultivars (Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 10), an agricultural experiment in the form of strip-split factorial design with three replications was conducted in Kafr El-Sheikh region, Egypt, in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 growing seasons. The objective of this study was evaluation of the effects of these fertilizers separately and in integrated forms, and setting out the best fertilizer mixture. The results showed that treatment with biofertilizers and chemical nitrogen increased the growth, yield attributes, biological and grain yield. Both grain and biological yield produced a better result during the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and biofertilizers than using either method alone. Using biofertilizers increased biological yield through increase in number of grains spike-1, number of spikes m-2 and 1000 grain weight, which cause to increase in grain yield with significant changes in harvest index, as well as protein content. We may conclude that using biofertilizers (Cerialin or Nitrobein) and chemical nitrogen fertilizer (170 or 250 kg N ha-1) together had the maximum impact on yield. Then, we can decrease use of chemical fertilizers through using biofertilizers.
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Economic evaluation of maize intercropped with some major food crops in Southwestern Nigeria
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-10-03) Egbetokun, O.A.; Ajijola, S.; Awolola, O.A.; Awoyemi, D.O.
In Nigeria, the traditional farmer finds it more satisfactory to plant a diversity of crops than planting sole. It is cheaper for farmers to grow many crops of their own requirements than to buy them. Hence, intercrop has remained the traditional farming practice in many other developing nations. Maize is a major cereal crop grown by all farming households all over Nigeria in combination with other crops. There are many studies on intercropping of maize with other food crops in Nigeria; however, many of these studies do not bother to look into the economics of intercrop. Therefore, this study examines the economic profitability of maize intercropped with major food crops in Southwestern Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed in the study. A total of 138 questionnaire were used for analysis. Information was collected on socio-economic characteristics of the farming households, cropping systems, cost of labour input, cost of seeds, fertilizer and chemicals; yield and price of output. Data analysis involved the use of descriptive analysis, which includes frequency distribution, mean and percentages. Also, benefit-cost ratio and net farm income analyses were employed. The results showed that the average farm size was 1.5 ha, 75% of the farmers intercropped maize with other crops and six varieties of maize were planted in the study area. Among all the crop combinations, sole maize has the least cost, while maize intercropped with cassava and yam has the highest cost. Benefit-cost analysis showed that for every N 1 spent in maize intercropped with cassava and yam, N 1.26 would be realized as profit. It is therefore, recommended that for optimal use of resources and crop combinations, both public and private extension workers should advice farmers on this finding and the most profitable crop combinations.
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Dietary effects of Algerian sodium bentonite on growth performance and biochemical parameters in broiler chickens
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-10-03) Besseboua, O.; Ayad, A.; Hornick, J.L.; Benbarek, H.
The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing poultry feed with graded levels of Algerian sodium bentonite (Na-B) on growth performance and the development of villus height in jejunum and some biochemical parameters during 50 days in broiler chickens. A number of 420 one-day old broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) were obtained from a commercial hatchery. The birds were randomly allocated into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). The treatments were 0 (control), 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of Algerian Na-B levels. The results obtained indicate clearly that weight gain in the chickens fed treatments containing 4% Na-B had greater weight gain than the chickens fed different treatments (0, 1%, 2%, 3% and 5% Na-B). Feed conversion rate (FCR) was lower birds supplemented with Na-B 4% (2.45) than control group (3.06). Maximum feed consumption was observed in the birds’ control (5,655.3 g), while the lowest was noted in the chickens with diet added 4% Na-B (5,009.5 g) (p< 0.05). The weight of duodenum, jejunum and ileum was decreased for the Algerian Na-B supplemented group, compared with the control group. The villus height was affected by dietary treatments (1%, 2%, 3% and 5%) on days 18 and 50 (p< 0.05). Feeding the supplemented graded levels Na-B resulted in an increase in plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL concentrations at 50 days of age, compared with the control group. These results showed clearly that the Na-B from Algeria can improve the growth performance in broiler chickens. Thus, dietary inclusion of Na-B had positive effect on plasma triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL values in broiler chickens at the end experiment.
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Allelopathic effects of sheesham extracts on germination and seedling growth of common wheat
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-10-03) Siyar, S.; Sami, S.; Hussain, F.; Hussain, Z.
Interactions between plants represent an important aspect of ecology, which enables them to properly utilize the available resources in the given environment. The interactions are mediated by different mechanisms, among which allelopathy is a significant one. During allelopathic interactions, plants tend to suppress competitors plants or stimulate those which can help them adjust in the environment in a better manner. Such interactions are triggered by the release of chemical compounds termed, as allelochemicals, which have an important role in agricultural modulation. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the allelopathic effects of leaf and bark extracts of sheesham (Dalbergia sissoo L.) on germination data of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Auqab. Different concentrations (7 g/l, 14 g/l, and 21 g/l) of sundried leaf and bark extracts, obtained after 12, 24 and 36 h of soaking duration were tested for germination %, mean germination time (MGT), plumule and radicle length and seedling dry weight. It was observed that germination % was negatively affected by 21 g leaf and bark extract concentration at 36 h soaking duration, but not by lower concentration or soaking durations. MGT was significantly increased by leaf and bark extracts at three concentration levels, as well as soaking durations. Plumule and radicle length responded negatively to both leaf and bark extracts at higher concentration and when soaking duration was increased. Seedling dry weight was increased by 7 g leaf extracts at 36 h, but reduced by 21g at 12 and 24 h soaking durations. On the other hand, 21 g of bark extracts at 12, 24 and 36 h soaking duration resulted in significantly increased dry biomass. These results suggest negative allelopathy of Sheesham on studied germination parameters of wheat, except radicle length and dry biomass.
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Allelopathic effect of Ficus benjamina leaf extract, litter, and mulch on germination and growth of sunflower
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-10-03) Muhammad, Z.; Rehmanullah; Inayat, N.; Majeed, A.
Allelopathy is an important biological process, which has direct or indirect effects on the germination and growth potentials of plants. Awareness about the allelopathic properties of plants which prevail in agricultural systems can help growers to amend crop cultivation patterns accordingly. In this study, we evaluated the allelopathic effects of Ficus benjamina on germination and early seedling growth of four hybrids of sunflower (Oliver, Parsun-3, SFH-80 and NK- S- 278). Ethanolic and hot-water aqueous extracts from leaves, while litter and mulches of the test allelopathic plant significantly reduced germination, radicle and hypocotyle growth of sunflower. Germination percentage was drastically reduced in all the four sunflower hybrids by ethanolic, hot-water and litter extracts; however, compared to control, mulching assay significantly increased germination in hybrids Oliver (76%), Parsun-3 (42%), SFH-80 (78%) and NK-S-278 (30%) at 2, 4, 8 and 12g extract concentration, respectively. Hypocotyle and radicle length of test hybrids were significantly reduced in each assay type. Among tested assays, ethanolic extracts revealed more drastic effects on the studied parameters than hot-water, litter, and mulching. Sunflower hybrid NK-S-278 was more severely affected, while Parsun-3 exhibited resistance to the allelopathic stress. Inhibitory effects were more prominent with increasing concentration of the extracts. The order of the phytotoxic effects of tested bioassays was ethanolic extract˃ hot-water˃ litter˃ mulching. The study suggested that Ficus leaves may possess potent allelochemicals with growth inhibitory effects on sunflower seedlings. It is suggested that further study might be required to check the allelopathic effect of Ficus benjamina on germination and growth of these sunflower hybrids in field conditions.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Variability influence of the volatile compounds of three algerian date cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on infestation rates of the date moth [(Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zell. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)]
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-07-17) Arif, Y.; Lombarkia, N.
The date moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) is a serious pest for the dates production in Algerian oasis. Its dangerousness resides in its wide geographic distribution on various bioclimatics stages and his polyphagia on various hosts. In this context, to find out the impact of the dates volatile compounds on the date moth oviposition behavior. To do this, we conducted the following study, which is divided into two parts, one in the field and the other in the laboratory. This study investigated the effect of the biochemical profiles of three Algerian date cultivars (Deglet-Nour, Ghars and Degla-Beidha) on the infestation rates of the date moth. The monitoring infection rates in the field produced the following results: during the campaigns from 2011/2012 to 2014/2015 at the INRAA Sidi Mahdi-Touggourt station (Algeria), revealed that the cultivar Deglet-Nour is the most affected with a rate of 18.84%, followed by Ghars with 10.28% then Degla-Beidha with 6.66%. As for the extracts analysis of the three date cultivars with hexane were identified and quantifie via coupling gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The analysis of the volatile compounds of the cultivars studied allowed to identify 110 compounds distributed in eight chemical classes (hydrocarbons (saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, unsaturated monocyclic hydrocarbons, saturated monocyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, terpene hydrocarbons), alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, amides, phenols and carboxylic acids), whose compounds are distributed as follows: 72 compounds for the Deglet-Nour, 38 compounds for the cultivar Ghars and 29 compounds for Degla-Beidha.
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The important record of Monolexis fuscicornis Forster, 1862 (hymenoptera, braconidae, doryctinae) in Turkey with notes on Trogoxylon impressum (Comoli, 1837)
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-07-17) Özgen, İ.; Beyarslan, A.; Ruizzer, E.; Topdemir, A.
In the present paper, Monolexis fuscicornis Förster, 1862 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae) is recorded in Turkey for the second time and it is documented as parasitoid of Trogoxylon impressum (Comolli, 1837) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), firstly pest T. impressum (Comolli, 1837) record on fig plants. This damage to the fig plant and nutritional behavior with exit holes was observed for the first time with this work. In additionally, this record was firstly reported in the Southeast Anatolia region of the pest. Harmful has the potential to cause significant damage to fig plants over the years. It is necessary to studies whether the natural enemy detected on the pest is under the pressure of this pest. In this study, M. fuscicornis Förster,1862 is recognised as larva-pupa parasitoid of T. impressum, important pest in fig tree plantations in Turkey. This interaction could have significant implication in biodiversity conservation and pest management. Hence, this new parasitoid-host interaction on fig plants has highly significance in pest manage-ment and biocontrol, because it is thought that the damage will increase in the future.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Studies on biology and antibiosis resistance in mango (Mangiferae indica) varieties against mango mealy bug, Drosicha mangiferae green (Hemiptera: Margarodidae)
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-07-17) Karar, H.; Bakhsh, M.A.; Abbas, G.; Hameed, A.
Mango is known as king of fruits. Among mango pests, mango mealy bug, Drosicha mangiferae (MMB), is considered one of the most destructive pests of mango orchards and other plantations. Whenever it enters in any orchards it is difficult to eradicate it from those orchards. The experiment was conducted at Entomological Research Sub Station, Multan-Punjab, Pakistan, during 2009 and 2010, to evaluate fitness of mango mealy bug on different varieties of mango and biology on ‘Chaunsa’ variety. Mango mealy bug, Drosicha mangiferae Green (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae), is matter of concern, as it is widespread pest of woody plants even in urban areas. A study was conducted on cultivar resistance and fecundity of mango mealy bug. The ‘Chaunsa’ cultivar of mango proved highly susceptible to mango mealy bug with maximum number of eggs laid, i.e. 335.90, and maximum weight, i.e. 0.239 g of the female, was recorded on the cultivar ‘Chaunsa’. The maximum length, i.e. 1.63 cm, and width, i.e. 0.80 cm of female, was observed on ‘Chaunsa’, which showed a susceptible response and did not differ significantly with the width of female on ‘Black Chaunsa’. Regarding biology, the 1st instar male and female duration on an average is 56.3 days, whereas the 2nd instar has 26 days. In case of the 3rd instar, female has duration 19.5 days and male has three days. Male has pupal stage, while it is absent in female. On an average two study years, the ranking of susceptibility of mango cultivars was as under: ‘Chaunsa’ > ‘Black Chaunsa’ > ‘Malda’ > ‘Fajri’ > ‘Retaul-12’ > ‘Langra’ > ‘Sensation’ > ‘Sindhri’ > ‘Dusehri’ > ‘Sufaid Chaunsa’ > ‘Anwar Reutul’ and > ‘Tukhmi’.
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Salinity tolerance of black gram cultivars during germination and early seedling growth
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-07-17) Hasan, M.K.; Islam, M.S.; Islam, M.R.; Ismaan, H.N.; El Sabagh, A.
A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investi-gate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germina-tion percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to con-trol) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were signifi-cant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.
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Onion (Allium cepa L.) growth, yield and economic return under different combinations of nitrogen fertilizers and agricultural biostimulants
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-07-17) Hafez, E.; Geries, L.
Two field experiments have been conducted to study the effects of application of nitrogen fertilizer, bio-fertilizers and organic compounds on growth, yield and economic of onion production in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. From the data it was found that combination of N fertilization of onion plants with 100 kg N fed.-1 (hectare = 2.38 feddan) and foliar with humic acid at the rate of 1 kg fed.-1 is the best in this study, for giving the highest bulb yield with the highest net returns of 12580 EGP (1USD = 17.80 EGP), with a benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 2.35. While, the highest cost of cultivation was obtained by 120 kg N fed.-1 and spraying onion plants with humic acid followed by compost tea. Also, from the economic view, the revenue of EGP is higher when used some biofertilizers and organic fertilizers if compared with chemical fertilization only.
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Mechanical damage to corn seeds
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-07-17) Shahbazi, F.; Shahbazi, R.
The objective of this research was to evaluate and model the mechanical damage to corn seeds under impact loading. The experiments were conducted at moisture contents of 7.60 to 25% (wet basis) and at the impact energies of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 J, using an impact damage assessment device. The results showed that impact energy, moisture content, and the interaction effects of these two variables significantly influenced the percentage of physical damage in corn seeds (p<0.01). Increasing the impact of the energy from 0.1 to 0.3 J caused a significant increase in the mean values of damage from 23.73 to 83.49%. The mean values of physical damage decreased significantly by a factor of 1.92 (from 83.75 to 43.56%), with an increase in the moisture content from 7.6 to 20%. However, by a higher increase in the moisture from 20 to 25%, the mean value of damage showed a non-significant increasing trend. There was an optimum moisture level of about 17 to 20%, at which seed damage was minimized. An empirical model composed of seed moisture content and energy impact was developed for accurately describing the percentage of physical damage to corn seeds. It was found that the model has provided satisfactory results over the whole set of values for the dependent variable.
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Isolation and identification of Trichoderma species and investigating their seed treatment effect on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) germination
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-07-17) Ghasemialitappeh, M.; Sadravi, M.; Mirabadi, A.
Trichoderma fungus species are highly populations of fungi in world that they can colonize roots as plant symbiosis. Various types of Trichoderma are free-living fungi that are, generally, saprophytic on the remains of soil. In addition to its role in biological control, this fungus increases plant yield and growth. So far, many studies have been conducted to examine the ability of this agent to reduce biological tensions and biological control of plant pathogens. Thus, this study was conducted to isolate and identify species of Trichoderma fungus from rapeseed fields in Golestan and Qazvin province from Iran, and also to study isolated species on germination percentage and growth parameters of rapeseed seedlings in a randomized complete block design with three replications in vitro. Based on the results, three species of T. harzianum, T. virens, and T. atroviride were identified, which the isolate of T. harzianum Ta19 showed a significant effect on the control group and other treatments in increasing germination percentage, root length and stem; whereas, the seeds treated with the isolate T. atroviride Ta11 showed no significant difference with the control group in spite of the increase in seed germination rate in comparison with the control and other treatments. According to the results, the use of Trichoderma fungus as a seed treatment like other researches on different products is recommended for increasing the growth of rapeseed.
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Effects of GA3 and ABA on the germination of dormant oat seeds
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-07-17) Ge, J.; Hu, Y.; Ren, C.; Guo, L.; Wang, C.; Sun, W.; Shahrajabian, M.H.
Oat seed with dormancy characteristics, which can germinate after one season or one year, are used to build and maintain vegetation to protect soils from been damaged by desertification in Northern China. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of endogenous and exogenous GA3 and ABA on oat seed (var. Baiyan 7) germination. The results showed that seeds without peel hull had lower endogenous ABA content and the ratio of ABA/GA3 than seeds with peel hull. The best GA3 treatment duration for milky ripe, wax ripe, full ripe seeds were 60 min or 120 min, 60 min and 30 min, respectively. Seed germination rate, germination potential and germination index increased before they declined with the increasing of GA3 concentrations. The best GA3 concentration treatment was 100 mg/l, while the turning point was 200 mg/l. The dormancy rate of low temperature storage seeds were higher than those of room temperature storage seeds at each storage time, and both decreased with the increase of the storage time. For the seeds which were new or stored for 1-2 months, the germination rates were enhanced significantly by exogenous GA3. For the seeds that had been stored for over three months, GA3 treatment had no effect on germination rate. Germination rate decreased with the increase of ABA concentrations. The most inhibitive effect, which leaded to a seed germination reduction by 37.7% and 4.0%, appeared, when the concentration of ABA was 500 mg/L and 1000 mg/l, respectively. GA3 could abate the effect which ABA inhibited seed germination.
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Effect of storage containers and lengths of storage on the germination, moisture content and pest infestation of wheat seed
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-07-17) Golam Azam, M.; Sohidul Islam, M.; Hasan, K.; Kaum Choudhury, M.; Jahangir Alam, M.; Obaidullah Shaddam, M.; El Sabagh, A.
A laboratory experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dianjpur-5200, Bangladesh to evaluate the storage containers and duration of seed storage on the germinability and health of wheat seeds. The experiment was carried out in two factors, viz. three storage containers naming i) sealed tin container, ii) plastic container, iii) gunny bag, and four storage periods of i) 15 days, ii) 30 days, iii) 45 days, and iv) 60 days. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used in this experiment with eight replications. The results revealed that the germination percentages (GP) of the seeds stored in the gunny bag decreased quickly from 66.1 to 32.8% due to contained with high moisture content in seed. But, slowly decreasing trends of GP from 80.4% to 69.2% was observed in the sealed tin container seeds with lesser moisture content than that of gunny bag and plastic container. The reduction of GP was so higher of 50.38% in the seeds contained in gunny bag than that of only 13.93% in the seeds contained sealed tin container. Wheat seeds stored in sealed tin container, plastic container and gunny bag significantly increased moisture content in ambient condition for 60 DAS. The moisture content of the seeds stored in gunny bag was found to rise remarkably more than other containers. This escalation of seed moisture content was closely related to the surrounding environmental conditions, like tempera-ture and relative humidity where seeds were stored. The rate seed deterioration in gunny bag and plastic container paralleled the level of invasion by storage insect was found. During storage period, insect infected the seeds, and the insect bitten seeds were also found higher in gunny bag and plastic container, but lower in sealed container. Wheat seeds should be stored in air tight sealed container and drying should be done after some days of storage (45-60 DAS).
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Alternaria and Cercospora leaf spot diseases of Niger (Guizotia Abyssinica Cass.) – a traditional tribal crop of South Gujarat, India, with cost benefit ratio in relation to different fungicides
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019-07-17) Sandipan, P.B.; Jagtap, P.K.; Patel, M.C.
Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) is an important minor oil seed crop grown in dry areas grown mostly by tribal and interior places as life line of tribal segment. Tribal people mainly use its oil for cooking purpose, above than that there were also other uses. Hence, the niger crop should be protected from the infection. The crop is affected by number of fungal diseases. Therefore, a field experiment was formulated for three years with the four replications at the Niger Research Station (NRS) at Navsari Agricultural University (NAU), Vanarasi, Navsari (Gujarat) on the foliar diseases of GN-1 variety of niger crop. In this experiment, six different fungicides along with one control have been evaluated to control the Alternaria and Cercospora leaf spot diseases, out of which all the fungicidal treatments were significantly superior over the control. Here, foliar spray on the incidence of diseases was compared with the control (without any treatment). All the fungicidal treatments were significantly superior over the control to reduce Alternaria and Cercospora leaf spot diseases of Niger crop. Treatment of Carbendazim + Mancozeb (0.2 %) with two sprays first from the initiation of the disease and second after the interval of 15 days recorded the lowest incidence of Alternaria (14.56) and Cercospora (14.94) leaf spot diseases of niger and recorded the highest seed yield 337 seed yield kg/ha along with the net return with cost benefit ratio graph.

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