2019

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Open Access

Cultivation and extraction of volatile oils obtained from new varieties of basil(Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae)

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Stan Tudora, Cătălina; Burnichi, Floarea; Muscalu, Adriana-Teodora; Vintilă, M.; Israel Roming, Florentina

he paper presents the experimental research carried out within INMA Bucharest regarding the cultivation of two new varieties, ‘Aromat de Buzau’and ‘Serafim’,created by SCDL Buzau.These belong to the two varieties of basil(Ocimum basilicum L., Lamiaceae) yellow and purple, which were grown in the agricultural years 2017 and 2018, years that were different in terms of agrometeorological conditions.It also presents the method for obtaining vegetal extracts (volatile oil and floral water), obtained by processing the vegetal raw material while applying a process based on water vapour pressure distillation. Extractionyields obtained are presented comparatively.The results are the premises for obtaining new products with a high market value, which can be applied in the future for vegetable crops protection in greenhouses and solariums.

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Open Access

Considerations on the quality of soil deep loosening works using mathematical statistics

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Chiruță, Ciprian; Bulgariu, Emilian; Filipov, Feodor; Călin, Marius

The field surveys were conducted within the North-East development region on moderately inclined terrain. The primary data were obtained from the vertical sections of the ground made perpendicular to the forward direction of the soil tiller. The width of the cross-sections was 2 m and the depth of 1.2 m. The primary data obtained from the measurements of the vertical sections made were subsequently processed mathematically. In order to further verify the significance of the differences occurring within a plot, the use of mathematical methods for analyzing the area, volume and shape of the tiled surface has been attempted, which will allow the researcher a larger number of checks under optimal conditions using the mathematical statistical apparatus.

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Open Access

Ecological solutions regarding the monitorization of the urban atmosphere polution involving bioindicating trees on the main street alineaments in Iaşi

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Sandu, Tatiana; Trofin, Alina-Elena; Bernardis, Roberto-Renato; Grecu, Codrina

Recent data underline that the evolution of the urban environment in Iaşi was mostly based ondeveloping the street system infrastructurein detriment of the urban green areas, what ledinevitablyto the intensification of traffic and holding back the interest for developing in a sustainable mode a network ofurban green areas.In many European countries a program of monitoringinvolving bioindicating trees is already implemented, based on the response of these ”sentinel trees” to harsher life conditions of the intensetraffic and poluted streets compared to the rest of the green areas.The present study aims the importance of dendrological street plantations through their positive impact on the fight against direct pollution toward the pedestrian traffic.The observations were conducted in alignmentsplantations from three main boulevards in Iaşi, underlining the insufficiencyof woody vegetation, the precarious health state of most of the mature specimens, caused by improperly branch cutting, discontinuity of the greenvegetation lines or the lack of them. The paper will propose solutions and landscaping measures meant to improve the quality and safety of the pedestrian traffic along the considered boulevards.

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Open Access

The influence of fertilization and mulching on the early cauliflowercrop

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Teliban, Gabriel-Ciprian; Munteanu, Neculai; Precupeanu, Cristina; Popa, Lorena-Diana; Burducea, Marian; Stan, Teodor; Zaica, Ana; Tallarita, A.V.; Stoleru, Vasile

The purpose of the presentpaper is to evaluate the influence of mulching and fertilization on the early cauliflower crop. The research was carried out in the didactic and experimental field of the Vegetablegrowingdiscipline, at Agronomy UniversityIasi. The experimentwas of a bifactorial type, testingthe influence of mulching with three graduations (unmulched-Ct, mulching with polyethylene film of 15 and 30 μm in thickness) and of fertilization with four graduations (unfertilized-Ct, chemical fertilization, organic fertilization and application of microorganisms),under the conditions of 2018 and 2019. The cropwas established by usingseedlings of42 days, in strips of two rows, the distance between strips being of 80 cm and between rows of 60 cm. The distance between the plants in a row was of 25 cm, resulting in a density of about 57thousand plants per hectare. The results obtained demonstrate the necessity of mulching and fertilizing the early cauliflowercrop, the best yields being obtained in the case of the variant mulched with 30 μm foil and fertilized with chemical fertilizers.

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Open Access

Optimization of tomato cultivation technology in protected areas through the use of continuous electric current

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Gheorghițoaie, Mădălin-Vasile; Achiței, Vlăduț; Bodale, Ilie; Teliban, Gabriel-Ciprian; Stoleru, Vasile

Electric and magnetic fields of different intensities can influence the metabolism of plants.The results presented in this paper particularly follow the morphological changes that the electricitymay have on tomato plants.The electric and magnetic field has been applied constantly on plants, from the seedling stage, to the moment of reaching the technological maturity of the fruits.

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Open Access

Study regarding chemical characteristics of eggs gathered from hens reared in systems approved by European Union

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Usturoi, Alexandru; Usturoi, Marius-Giorgi; Avarvarei, Bogdan-Vlad; Rațu, Roxana-Nicoleta; Nistor, Cătălin-Emilian; Simeanu, Cristina

Analysis of which results are presented in the current paper are part of an ample study in which wefocused on the influence of rearing systems on quality of eggs destined to human consumption.Regarding water content in yolk, we mention the fact that the highest value was founded at the eggs gathered from hens reared on ground with access to external paddock (56.12±0.006%) while the lowest value was recorded at the eggs gathered from hens reared in battery, 55.02±0.006%.For dry matter content the obtained mean values were 43.88±0.005% for yolk of the eggs gathered from hens reared on ground with accessto external paddock, 44.06±0.004% for the one gathered from hens reared in loft and 44.98±0.004% at the ones reared in battery.Protein content from albumen recorded a calculated mean value of 12.17±0.032%for hens reared in free-range system.For hens reared in loft, protein content in mélange was 12.12±0.036% with variation limits which oscillated between 11.93% and12.22%.For the eggs gathered from hens reared in battery, protein level in mélangewas 12.21±0.035.In the case of fat content the calculated mean value for eggs gathered from hens reared on ground with access to external paddock was 10.64±0.045%;11.18±0.041% for the ones reared in loft and 11.22±0.049% for the eggs gathered from hens reared in battery.

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Open Access

Biodegradation of synthetic dyes by some bacterial strains isolated from soil

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Ștedel, Cătălina; Efrose, Rodica-Cătălina; Roșu, Crăița-Maria

In present study, 19 bacterial strains were isolated from different type of soil (Danube –Delta Biosphere Reserve), molecularly identified (16S rDNA sequencing), and tested for their textile dye biodegradation potential and tolerance level to heavy metals and high salinity. The strains Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. andThalassospira sp. were found to degrade ˃ 72.64% RO16 dye, but only Pseudomonas putida removed (56% decolorization) the RB4 dye.Also, was found a good tolerance to salinity (8% NaCl) in case of Pseudoarthrobacter sp., Enterobacter sp., Thalassospira sp.,Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. strains. Most of the bacterial strains tolerated 70 ppm of cromium (Cr6); only two strains, Cupriavidus respiraculi and Pseudomonas putida showed maximum tolerance to 70 ppm cadmium (Cd2+); all strains of Pseudomonas sp.showed tolerance to 100 ppm lead (Pb2+). The selected strains could be used in bioremediation process of industrial dye waste waters.

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Open Access

Research on the construction of structures microferm type acvaponics

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Ursachi, A.; Luca, Mihail

The paper must carry out studies and research on the realization of aquaponic structures under climatic conditions existing in the area of Moldova. The research is focused on designing hydrotechnical care systems to include information: water capture, decanting and disinfection line, water supply line for the planter, wastewater discharge line, air circuit line, filter installation, water treatment plant and disinfection. The hydraulic system deserves the DWC fish and fish basins. The hydrotechnical system deserves to realize an aquaponic structure located in a solarium with an area of 100 m2.

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Open Access

Environmental protection in river regulatory works using biodegradable materials

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Sion, P.V.; Luca, Mihail; Avram, Mihaela; Toma, Daniel

The paper presents biodegradable methods and materials used to carry out river bed works. River regularization works must help to keep the environment as natural as possible. Biodegradable materials respond to bioengineering methods and concepts for ecological regulation or renaturalisation of river beds. Studies and research have shown the possibility of using biodegradable materials for the execution of shore defense works at the riverbed. The researched biodegradable materials are made of woven sheep wool fabrics and strips. They are used as a support and filter bed at the shoreline contact with the rock in the site. The material has the advantage of natural degradation in about 4-6 years after it has performed its support function. Woollen fabrics are used to make the biological cells used for river bank layout or sloping slopes.

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Open Access

Researches on environment degradation in the natural sites on Moldova river lower course

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Luca, Mihail; Sion, P.V.; Avram, Mihaela

The European Ecological Network Natura 2000 in Romania is present on the lower course of the Moldavian River through the "ROSC10364 Community Site of Rila Moldova between Tupilati and Roman". Research over 15 yearshas shown that part of the natural reserve is affected by degradation phenomena. In the researched river sector (the minor and major riverbed, the riparian area) are located ballasts, bridges, water catchments, constructions, agricultural holdings, trees and bushes areas, etc. All these have influenced the arrangement of the river bed and the riparian area, which led to the degradation of the river and riparian habitat. Natural and anthropic risk factors have contributed to the degradation of the environment in the researched river area. The most important influences were the floods of the last 15 years, the exploitation of the ballast, the shore circulation areas, the absence of maintenance works in the river bed, etc.

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Open Access

Considerations on the design of micro-irrigation systems in horticultural plants

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Luca, Mihail; Marcoie, Nicolae; Luca, Alexandru-Lucian; Tămășanu, Fabian

The paper presents an analysis of how to make drip irrigation systems in the plantations of shrubs and fruit trees located in the Plain and the Plateau of Moldavia. Over the last 20 years, drip irrigation systems have been designed for horticultural plantings on relatively small (4-8 ha) areas of a farm. The research shows some shortcomings in the design concept of the irrigation system, starting with the layout scheme, the selection of the watering equipment and the calculation of the operating parameters. The analysis shows that some of the irrigation systems are not carried out according to the characteristics of the wetted horticulture, the pedoclimatic parameters of the soil, the volume of water available at source, etc.

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Open Access

Influence of some bio-stimulators on obtaining of seedlings at Lavandula angustifolia

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Neagu, Cristina-Florina; Chelariu, Elena-Liliana; Apostol, Maria; Bernardis, Roberto-Renato; Draghia, Lucia

In the current paper are presented the results regarding influence of treatments with gibberellins GA3 and Razorminon germination of seeds at species Lavandula angustifolia. Research took place in glasshouse conditions in year2018. Were made observations regarding dynamics of rising and were determined germination velocity and germination rate. The obtained results prove the fact that Lavandula angustifolia seeds have a favourable response to treatment with bio-stimulators.

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Open Access

Influence of some factors on multiplication of ornamental species Passiflora coerulea and Passiflora quadranqularis

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Chelariu, Elena-Liliana; Draghia, Lucia; Apostol, Maria; Manache, Elena-Diana; Amișculesei, Petronica

In the current paper are presented the results of a research regarding the influence of cuttings’ type, substrate and treatments on cuttings rooting at floral species Passiflora coeruleaandPassiflora quadranqularis. Research was carried out in the didactical greenhouse of Floriculture discipline from USAMV Iaşi, experiments being organized in 8 variants. During research was observed the influence of cuttings type, substrate and treatments with bio-stimulators on rooting capacity of cuttings. At the end of research was noticed that at those two studied species rooting of cuttings had good results if are treated with a rooting stimulator and placed into a perlite substrate for rooting. The type of manufactured cuttings, it influences to a lesser extent the rooting ability.

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Open Access

Study regarding the use of mulberry leaves by Bombyx mori –Triumf hybrid

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Doliș, Marius-Gheorghe; Rațu, Roxana-Nicoleta; Diniță, Georgeta

In order to assess how efficient is the use of mulberry leaf by the Bombyx mori Triumf larvae hybrid, some determinations were made regarding the nutritional value and digestibility of the worm leaf administered as food (leaves from a Romanian variety, Eforie), during a series of summer growth. The results showed that ongoing vegetation and growth process of this hybrid, the mulberry leaves suffer an aging phenomenon, revealed by diminishing its chemical composition quality. According tothis, most of the nutritional substances from mulberry leaves, except cellulose, manifest a continuous decline during the growth period. The digestibility of these nutritional components registered a value of 56.29%, the raw energy value was 4213 kcal/kg dry substance, the digestive energy was 2262 kcal/kg (DS), while the metabolic energy was 2098-2099 kcal/kg (DS). The efficiency of converting ingestion into silk had a value of 9.73% and the digestion was 17.27%.

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Open Access

Researches regarding the use as a biomass of the branches resulting from orchard pruning of different species of trees

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Dumitrachi, Emanuel-Petru; Corduneanu, Oana-Raluca; Băetu, Marius; Cârlescu, Petru-Marian; Țenu, Ioan

Biomass is the most abundant renewable resource on the planet. This includes absolutely all the organic material produced by the metabolic processes of living organisms. Biomass can be used in the form of solid or liquid fuels, being used both for direct combustion, for space heating, and for liquid biofuel (bioethanol) for supply the thermal engines. The research carried out had as an objective the collection of the branches resulting from the fruiting cuts from the varieties of apple, hair, cherry and plum, located in the plantations of the Experimental resortfrom the USAMV Iași, Farm “V. Adamachi”, and the determination of the calorific power for each category of fruit trees. From the analysis of the results it appears that the calorific power is different from one species to another, as well as depending on the variety of the respective species. Also, the energy value of the harvested branches is high, being close to that of firewood, which allows us to specify that they can be valued as biomass, constituting an important renewable source of solid biofuel, which can be used in the form of pellets and lighters

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Open Access

Researches regarding the use as a biomass of vines residues resulting from the dormant pruning

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Dumitrachi, Emanuel-Petru; Corduneanu, Oana-Raluca; Băetu, Marius; Cârlescu, Petru-Marian; Țenu, Ioan

At the global level, biomass is considered one of the main forms of renewable energy, as it ensures the conservation of the sun's energy in chemical form, being one of the most popular and universal resources on Earth, used for energy purposes since the discovery of fire by man. Today, biomass can be used for different purposes from room heating to the production of electricity and fuel for cars. Biomass is the biodegradable part of agricultural products, waste and residues, including plant and animal substances, forestry and related industries, as well as the biodegradable part of industrial and urban waste. Considering these elements, we can consider that vine plantations can make a significant contribution to the development of the biomass source, by using the vine ropes resulted from the cuts in the land.The research aimed the determination of the biomass potential of vine plantations, were harvested ropes from wine varieties and at different dates during plant rest to determine the evolution of their humidity. The samples were taken from the didactic resort farm "Vasile Adamachi" plantation of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" of Iasi. The varieties studied were: Busuioaca de Bohotin, Cabernet Sauvignon, Feteasca Alba, Feteasca Neagra, Feteasca Regala, Muscat Ottonel, Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Petit.After the research carried out, it was found that the humidity of the strings is different, depending on the variety and the date of harvest.

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Open Access

Influence of enzymes treatment on the quality of Sauvignon blanc wines

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Scutarașu, Elena-Cristina; Luchian, Camelia-Elena; Colibaba, Lucia-Cintia; Cotea, Valeriu V.; Călin, Ioana; Andrieș, Mitică-Tiberiu; Cimpoi, Vlăduț-Ion

Enzyme preparations are currently used in modern wine technology for diverse biotransformation reactions from pre-fermentation to fermentation, post-fermentation and wine aging stage. Industrial enzymes gives quantitative (increased juice yields) and qualitative conveniences (improved color extraction and flavor enhancement) and processing benefits (shorter maceration, settling and filtration time).This studyinvestigates the effects of enzyme treatments on physical-chemical, chromatic and organolepticparameters of white wines obtained in Iasi vineyard.The grapes representing Sauvignon blancvariety were processed in autumn 2018by the classic method for obtaining white wines. For this study, five commercial enzymeswith different activities were used, such as β-glycosidaseand pectinases, thus contributing to release aroma compounds, and six variants were obtained.Laboratory analysis of the wine samples was performed according to International Organization of Vine and Wine. Significant influence in the composition of the analyzedsamples was observed, depending on the type of enzyme used as pre-treatment. The study results are useful in improving wine-making process andfinal products quality.

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Open Access

Influence of sulphur dioxide and dimethyl dicarbonate on white wines quality

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Călin, Ioana; Cotea, Valeriu V.; Luchian, Camelia-Elena; Colibaba, Lucia-Cintia; Zamfir, Cătălin-Ioan; Scutarașu, Elena-Cristina; Cimpoi, Vlăduț-Ion

Beinga complex system in continuousevolution, wine needs different stabilization and conditioning treatments.Sulphur dioxide and dimethyl dicarbonate areone of the most used in winemaking because they havean important role in wine protection and stabilization.For this study, nine wine variants were obtained from a blend of FeteascăRegală and Muscat Ottonelvarieties. All samples were treated with6 % SO2solution anddimethyl dicarbonateliquid solution, in various concentrations. Theaim of this experimentwas to follow the evolution ofphysical-chemical and chromatic parametersof wines, depending on treatments used and the analyzes period. The analyzes were repeated and compared atthree months difference.Both treatments, SO2and dimethyl dicarbonateshowed significant influence on the physical-chemical and chromatic characteristics of wines, dependingon added substances concentration and the analysis periods, representing a good alternative for modern winemaking

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Open Access

Influence of corbohydrate content on grafting in table grape varieties Gelu and Paula

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Cimpoi, Vlăduț-Ion; Rotaru, Liliana; Colibaba, Lucia-Cintia; Călin, Ioana; Scutarașu, Elena-Cristina; Alexandru, Lulu-Cătălin

The factors that determine the formation of the callus at the grafting point, respectively the percentage of vines capable of being planted in the nursery, are of genetic, technological and ecological nature. Thus, the genetic nature of the two symbionts is crucial to the success of grafting. In the present work determinations were made regarding the behavior of table grape varieties Gelu and Paula grafted on three rootstocks RipariaGloire, Berlandieri x Riparia Selection Oppenheim 4-clone 4 Blaj and Berlandieri x Riparia Selection Crăciunel 2. It was found that the highest total content of carbohydrates had the rootstock RipariaGloire (13.49%), followed by Crăciunel 2 (12.78%) and SO4-4(12.02%). In the Vinifera varieties the same indicator was higher for Paula grape variety (14.32%) and for Gelu variety (13.07%). As a result of the grafting and forcing, the following aspects resulted: the percentage of vines suitable for planting was the highest in the Paula variety grafted on Crăciunel 2, respectively 99%, and in the Gelu variety grafted on Ripariagloire, of 98%. The vines for which the grafting point was complete, where the buds entered vegetation and the root primordia was in maximum percentage were found at the Paula / Crăciunel 2 variant, at 76%. Gelu / Crăciunel 2 variant resulted in obtaining the most vines (7%) that formed root primordia at the intermediate node as well.

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Open Access

Evaluation of diversity of segment of grapevine genetic resources in context of climate challenges

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2019) Savin, Gheorghe; Cornea, V.; Baca, I.

In the paper ispresented a segmentfrom the diversity of the grapevine genetic resources accumulated in the Genofond of the Research and Practical Institute for Horticulture and Food Technologies: varieties for table grapes with early maturation, seedlessness. About30 varieties were highlighted, including with increased or advanced resistance to abiotic and biotic unfavorable factors. Described genotypes represent a wide diversity by genetic origin, the color of the berry, the agrobiological properties. The highlighted sources of useful features are proposed for harness in grapevine breeding, modernization ofassortment, inclusivelly in the context of climate challenges.

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