2025

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listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Hematological and Biochemical Profiles of Nutria (Myocastor coypus): Implications for Biodiversity Management and Household Rearing Practices
(MDPI, 2025-01-13) Lazăr, Roxana; Boișteanu, Paul-Corneliu; Bolohan (Acornicesei), Ioana; Mădescu, Bianca-Maria; Ivancia, Mihaela; Lazăr, Mircea
The absence of standardized reference values for wild rodent species underscores the need for comprehensive hematological and biochemical profiles. This study established robust reference intervals (RIs) for Myocastor coypus raised in captivity, analyzing 30 nutrias (10 males, 10 females, and 10 juveniles) at a private farm in northeastern Romania. Leukocyte (WBC) counts averaged 11.85 (103/µL) in males, 10.51 (103/µL) in females, and 11.63 (103/µL) in juveniles, indicating a consistent immune response. Hemoglobin was 11.81 g/dL in males, 11.97 g/dL in females, and 15.42 g/dL in juveniles, with hematocrit levels around 45%. Juveniles displayed higher MCH (38.59 pg) and MCHC (38.58 g/dL), reflecting growth-related adaptations. Platelet counts were lower in adults. Biochemical findings showed lower cholesterol (14.89 mg/dL) and higher glucose (236.26 mg/dL) in juveniles, indicating intense energy metabolism. Total proteins were significantly elevated in juveniles (33.17 g/dL). Creatinine and uric acid levels were higher in adults, although calcium exceeded reference ranges in males (12.04 mg/dL). Hepatic enzyme ALT was higher in males. These findings establish baseline health parameters for captive nutrias, aiding in monitoring and improving rearing practices.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Polylimonene Improves the In Vivo Wound Healing Performance of Sodium Alginate- Based Hydrogels
(Wiley, 2025-12-30) Vieira, Roniérik Pioli; Schutz, Guilherme Frey; Chirliu, Oana-Maria; Pașca, Aurelian-Sorin; Profire, Lenuța; Van Vlierberghe, Sandra
Efficient wound dressing materials must support tissue regeneration while modulating the oxidative environment. In this study, a photo-crosslinked hydrogel based on methacrylated alginate (AlgMA) containing 3% (w/v) poly(limonene) (PLM) was developed to improve healing outcomes. PLM, a stable and non-volatile antioxidant additive, was incorporated to overcome the limitations of limonene's volatility and instability. The hydrogel's efficacy was evaluated in vivo using an excisional wound model in rats and compared to unmodified AlgMA and commercial dressings (Sorbalgon and cotton gauze). Wound contraction was assessed through macroscopic imaging and quantitatively described using mathematical models. The AlgMA/PLM3% hydrogel exhibited the fastest healing dynamics, with a logistic rate constant of 0.63 day−1 and a half-maximal healing time of 6.02 days, outperforming AlgMA (7.64 days), Sorbalgon (8.82 days), and gauze (10.78 days). Histological analysis confirmed superior re-epithelialization, granulation tissue density, and dermal organization in the AlgMA/PLM3% group by Day 18. These results demonstrate that the incorporation of PLM into alginate hydrogels enhances wound healing by accelerating closure and promoting tissue organization, positioning PLM as a promising bioactive additive for acute wound care.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Reproductive biotechnologies and challenges in their application
(Frontiers, 2025-02-04) Ciornei, Ștefan-Gregore; Lopes, Graça; Cenariu, Mihai
Editorial on the Research Topic Reproductive biotechnologies and challenges in their application Reproductive biotechnologies and challenges in their application, a Research Topic hosted by Frontiers in Veterinary Science (Animal Reproduction—Theriogenology) was launched in February 2024. The aim was to explore the advancements made by researchers in the field of reproductive biotechnologies, assess their potential for improving reproductive health and efficiency, and address the challenges associated with their ethical, technical, and practical applications. This research is fundamental for the progress of animal reproductive health and productivity, by addressing infertility challenges, and ensuring the ethical and sustainable application of state-of-the-art biotechnological solutions in this field. Thus, 17 original research papers, as well as a brief research report were published.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Optimization of the Electrospinning Process to Create an Active Bilayer Nanostructured Wound Dressing Based of PLA and Ibuprofen
(Wiley, 2025-07-19) Schuller, Anne-Sophie; Girault, Élise; Sonia, Amdouni; Atanase, Leonard-Ionuț; Horhogea, Cristina-Elena; Leclinche, Floriane; Delaite, Christelle
A new bilayer wound dressing structure has been developed by depositing amorphous polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers on a hydrogel layer composed of gelatin (GE), hyaluronic acid (HA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) particles for its antibacterial properties. The choice of solvent was crucial to optimize electrospinability, productivity, and nanofibers morphology. This study investigated the impact of polymer concentration and electrospinning parameters, such as applied voltage and distance from tip to collector, on nanofibers morphology. To improve the healing process, Ibuprofen (IBU) was encapsulated in PLA nanofibers at a concentration of 5 wt% due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of PLA, while TGA confirmed the presence of IBU and almost complete evaporation of solvent during the electrospinning process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization demonstrated that nanofibers fabricated from PLA/IBU solutions electrospun in acetone at concentrations of 10 wt% and 12.5 wt%, using an applied voltage of 40 kV and a tip-to- collector distance of 15 cm, yielded fibers with the most favorable morphological features for the target application. The resulting nanofibers exhibited consistent nanoscale diameters and a smooth, homogeneous surface topology, indicating that these electrospinning parameters represent optimal conditions for achieving high-quality fiber formation. Antimicrobial analyses were conducted to demonstrate the bilayer dressing's effectiveness in inhibiting or eliminating bacterial growth. These tests aimed to assess the potential of this new dressing as a protective barrier against infection, highlighting its relevance for wound care applications.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Shifts in surface microbiota after cleaning and disinfection in broiler processing plants: incomplete biofilm eradication revealed by robotic high-throughput screening
(American Society for Microbiology, 2026-02-26) Reiche, Thorben; Hageskal, Gunhild; Mareș, Mihai; Hoel, Sunniva; Tøndervik, Anne; Heggeset, Tonje Marita Bjerka; Haugen, Tone; Sperstad, Sigri Bakken; Trøen, Hanne Hein; Bjørkøy, Solfrid; Nordeng Jakobsen, Anita
Broiler processing environments are a source of spoilage bacteria and potential pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cleaning and disinfection (C&D) on bacterial load and diversity in two broiler processing plants and to determine the efficacy of industry-standard disinfectants (DIs). C&D significantly reduced average bacterial loads on surfaces from 3.7 to 1.8 log CFU/cm2 in Plant A and from 7.0 to 3.8 log CFU/cm2 in Plant B (P < 0.001). Metataxonomics revealed that Acinetobacter and an unknown Enterobacteriaceae genus dominated before C&D in Plants A and B, respectively, while Pseudomonas was predominant after C&D in both plants. Bacterial diversity only declined significantly after C&D in Plant B. Bacterial loads also declined across hygienic zones along the broiler processing line in Plant A. During slaughter, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, and Anoxybacillus dominated, and bacterial loads were significantly higher compared with post-slaughter zones, which were dominated by Pseudomonas. Culture-dependent analyses confirmed the presence of Pseudomonas spp. and also bacteria affecting food safety, including Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A selection of these was tested against DIs using robotic high-throughput screening. At the recommended user concentrations, DIs effectively inhibited planktonic bacteria and significantly reduced mono-species biofilms. However, none of the DIs completely eradicated all biofilms at these concentrations, with survival rates ranging from 7% to 53%, depending on the DI. In conclusion, C&D effectively reduces the bacterial burden and reshapes the bacterial microbiota with incomplete biofilm eradication by commercial DIs. IMPORTANCEBroiler meat continues to be involved in bacterial disease outbreaks. The surface microbiota in broiler processing environments can be a source of contaminating bacteria. Our study highlights the importance of effective C&D routines since potential pathogens and spoilage bacteria are found in these environments. Furthermore, the study provides evidence of biofilms surviving high concentrations of industry-standard DIs. This emphasizes the importance of additional measures to facilitate biofilm removal, such as mechanical cleaning, but also suggests that there is a need for DIs with stronger biofilm eradication capabilities. Ultimately, it is important to understand and continuously improve the state of hygiene in broiler processing plants to mitigate the risk of foodborne disease outbreaks.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Exploring gut microbiota alterations in Parkinson’s disease: insights from a 16S amplicon sequencing Eastern European pilot study
(Frontiers Media, 2025-10-31) Ilie, Ovidiu-Dumitru; Văcărean-Trandafir, Irina-Cezara; Amărandi, Roxana-Maria; Niță, Ilinca-Bianca; Dobrin, Petru-Romeo; Doroftei, Mara; Ivanov, Iuliu-Cristian; Savuța, Gheorghe; Kirov, Boris; Doroftei, Bogdan
Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder increasingly associated with alterations in gut microbiota through the gut–brain axis (GBA). Despite growing global interest, studies examining microbiota composition in Eastern European populations remain limited. Methods: We profiled the gut microbiota of 59 Romanian individuals using 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3–V4 region. After quality filtering, 39 subjects (19 PD patients and 20 healthy controls [HC]) were retained for downstream analysis. Clinical metadata were collected to assess potential confounders, including age, sex, metabolic parameters, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Results: PD patients differed significantly from HCs in glycemia (p = 0.02), cholesterol (p = 0.027), and LDL levels (p = 0.047), and more frequently presented with restrictive diets and comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. While α-diversity metrics did not differ significantly between groups, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on Aitchison distance showed moderate compositional separation. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) confirmed that disease status was a significant driver of gut microbiota composition (R2 = 5.3%, p = 0.002), independent of clinical and lifestyle covariates. Sparse partial least square linear discriminant (sPLS-DA) identified several genera distinguishing PD from HC, with Mogibacterium and RikenellaceaeRC9 gut group enriched in PD, and several known short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera (Fusicatenibacter, Lachnospiraceae UCG-001, Butyricicoccus, Anaerostipes) enriched in HCs. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) Effect Size (LEfSe) corroborated these findings, confirming the differential abundance of several SCFA-producing genera in the HC group. Discussion: Our results reveal distinct microbial signatures associated with PD in this Romanian cohort, marked by a consistent depletion of SCFA-producing bacteria in patients. These findings support the role of gut microbiota in PD pathophysiology and underscore the need for further studies in Eastern European populations.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Mg-Ca-Sr Biodegradable Alloys for Medical Applications: Production, Biomaterials’ Properties Characterization, and In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility Evaluation
(MDPI, 2025-08-30) Leață, Gabriela; Earar, Kamel; Munteanu, Corneliu; Lupu, Fabian Cezar; Vlad, Maria Daniela; Istrate, Bogdan; Cimpoeșu, Ramona; Pașca, Aurelian-Sorin; Șindilar, Eusebiu-Viorel
The research of biomaterials is an area of significant interest in the biomedical field, and the present study investigates how the strontium (Sr) concentration influences the microstructure, corrosion resistance, and both in vitro and in vivo behavior of alloys in the ternary Mg-Ca-Sr system. Using an induction furnace with a controlled atmosphere (argon as the shielding gas), Mg-0.5Ca-xSr alloys (x = 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 3 at.%) were synthesized. Microstructural analyses, performed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed a uniform and refined structure. Corrosion behavior assessments, carried out using linear and cyclic potentiometry, demonstrated favorable corrosion resistance for all samples. However, for the system containing 0.5% Sr, the corrosion rate values were lower compared to the other systems, and this alloy also exhibited the lowest corrosion current density. Cytocompatibility assay indicated the cytocompatible behavior of all the studied alloys, with favorable influence on cell viability and a stimulatory effect on the osteoblastic cell proliferation. In vivo biocompatibility assessments of the alloys showed that, for alloys containing 0.5% and 1% Sr, a more rapid degradation occurred in comparison with the other alloys (1.5, 2 and 3% Sr), which still persisted at the tissue level even after 12 weeks post-implantation. In all the batches examined, the inflammatory reaction was directly proportional and persistent in relation to the presence of the material in the tissue. In regions where the material was resorbed/degraded, the local inflammatory response was reduced or absent, and the fibrous tissue was denser and better organized. The field of biomaterials is in continuous development, and this study highlighted the applicability of these five alloy systems for dental and maxillofacial applications such as implants, plates, and related devices.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Prevalence of Rickettsia spp. Infection in Ticks Collected from Shelter Dogs in Tulcea County, Romania
(MDPI, 2025-12-26) Andronic, Bianca-Lavinia; Ivănescu, Larisa-Maria; Martinescu, Gabriela-Victoria; Mîndru, Raluca; Miron, Liviu-Dan
Ticks are one of the most important vectors of zoonotic pathogens in Europe, including Rickettsia spp. In Romania, several pathogenic species belonging to the Spotted Fever Group (SFG) transmitted primarily through tick bites have been identified. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Rickettsia spp. infection in ticks collected from public shelter dogs in Tulcea County, Romania, as an indicator of pathogen circulation within shelter environments and their potential epidemiological relevance. A total of 730 ticks collected between March 2023 and September 2024 from 216 public shelter dogs, belonging to four species (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor marginatus, and Dermacentor reticulatus), were morphologically identified and pooled by species, sex, and developmental stage resulting in 132 pools. DNA extracted from pools was tested by Real-Time PCR, targeting the gltA gene, specific for Rickettsia spp. Overall, 123/132 (93.2%) pools tested positive for Rickettsia spp. DNA, while the Minimum Infection Rate (MIR) at tick level was 16.8%. High pool positivity rates were consistently observed across all four species: 93.6% positive pools for Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (MIR 15%), 88.2% for Ixodes ricinus (MIR 20.5%), 87.5% for Dermacentor marginatus (MIR 58.3%), and 100% for Dermacentor reticulatus (MIR 21.7%). These findings demonstrate a substantial circulation of Rickettsia spp. in dog-shelter associated ticks, highlighting the role of dogs as sentinel hosts. Continuous molecular surveillance and identifying circulating species is needed for a better determination of the zoonotic risk.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Efficacy of Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Alternaria destruens (Ascomycota: Pleosporaceae) for managing Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
(Elsevier, 2025-01-17) El Aalaoui, Mohamed; Rammali, Said; Kamal, Fatima-Zahra; Ciobîcă, Alin-Stelian; Bencharki, Bouchaib; Hrițcu, Luminița-Diana; Romila, Laura; Burlui, Vasile; Sbaghi, Mohamed
Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a major pest of potatoes and other crops, highlighting the need for effective management strategies. This study evaluated the efficacy of a predatory mite and an entomopathogenic fungus, both individually and in combination, against P. solenopsis on potato plants under greenhouse (24.6–35.2 °C) and field conditions (24.9–35.9 °C). The treatments included: untreated control, Tween 80 (TW), the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) (AS), the fungal pathogen Alternaria destruens (AD), AD + AS, and imidacloprid (ICP) (positive control). Treatment efficacy was evaluated weekly for five weeks, with predators released five days after fungal application. The AD + AS treatment significantly reduced P. solenopsis egg and motile stage counts compared to both initial levels and the individual treatments, reaching 9.88 eggs and 8.11 motile stages in greenhouse trials, and 9.22 eggs and 7.11 motile stages in field trials by week 5. The AD treatment alone caused the highest number of mummified mealybugs by week 5 (28.7 and 26.7 per plant in greenhouse and field trials, respectively), indicating strong pathogen-induced mortality. Amblyseius swirskii populations peaked at 34.8 and 26.7 mites per plant in the greenhouse and field, respectively, by week 3 in the AS alone treatment, with lower densities in the AD + AS treatment due to predator-fungus interactions. The AD + AS treatment effectively reduced P. solenopsis infestations while preserving the visual quality of treated plants (visual quality score > 9.50 by week 5), highlighting its potential for the management of P. solenopsis.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Changes Induced in Seeds as a Result of Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment in Plasma Agriculture Applications
(MDPI, 2025-09-24) Luchian, Camelia Elena; Lungoci, Constantin; Ciolan, Mihai-Alexandru; Rîmbu, Cristina-Mihaela; Miron, Liviu-Dan; Motrescu, Iuliana
Non-thermal or cold plasma is an innovative agricultural technology used for the treatment of seeds, producing physicochemical and biochemical changes without thermal damage and stimulating germination and plant growth. The interaction of reactive species generated in cold plasma modifies the morphology of the seed surface, increasing porosity, producing microcracks, removing material or producing other physical changes, and chemically modifying it. The changes induced positively influence the rate, speed, and uniformity of germination, as it is believed that these changes take place as a result of activated metabolic pathways, regulated hormone balance, and stimulated production of enzymes involved in the mobilisation of nutrient reserves needed for seedling growth. Plasma sources, electrical parameters, feed gas, and processing time are some of the essential factors involved in tuning the effects on seeds. Optimising the outcomes and their adaptation for specific species is crucial to maximise the benefits and avoid inhibitory effects. In the frame of ecological and sustainable agriculture, with the benefits given by cold plasma, this review follows the modifications produced by different sources on the seeds, starting from morphological changes to biochemical ones, up to germination, aiming to facilitate the understanding of the interaction and outcomes. We also address the challenges, including variability of biological responses, the need for standard procedures and parameters, and development of scalable technologies. A thorough examination of the changes induced in seeds as a result of non-thermal plasma treatment not only facilitates the improvement of experimental designs and reproducibility but also plays an important role in advancing seed treatment technologies and, ultimately, enhancing crop yields in a sustainable manner.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Antimicrobial resistance reservoirs in salmon and broiler processing environments, sidestreams, and waste discharges
(Frontiers Media, 2025-09-16) Reiche, Thorben; Jakobsen, Anita Nordeng; Mareș, Mihai; Hoel, Sunniva; Tøndervik, Anne; Bjerkan Heggeset, Tonje Marita; Haugen, Tone; Tømmerdal, Andreas Husby; Broli, Gunn; Butt, Husnain Amir; Bårdsen, Iris Olene; Hageskal, Gunhild
Mapping reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across food value chains and their environmental dissemination pathways is essential for limiting the spread and impact of AMR. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of AMR genes and bacteria in sidestream materials, waste discharges, and processing environments of salmon and broiler. A targeted hybrid capture-based sequencing approach was used to characterize the resistome in samples collected from four processing plants, revealing a diverse range of AMR genes. Among these, we found several high-risk AMR genes, including the multidrug resistance genes TolC and mdtE, tetracycline genes tet(L) and tet(M), aminoglycoside genes APH(3′)-IIIa and APH(6)-Id, and beta-lactam genes mecA and mecR1. Overall, the highest numbers of AMR genes were found in samples of process wastewater and sludge, ranging from 32 to 330 unique genes. More than 300 bacterial isolates, including Enterobacterales, Enterococcus and Pseudomonas spp. were also collected and identified, and a subset was tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Antibiotic resistance among Enterococcus and Pseudomonas spp. was low. Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) were detected in waste discharges from two broiler processing plants, while multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli were found only in one plant. Whole genome sequencing of MDR isolates revealed multiple plasmids and AMR genes such as sul2, ant(3″)-Ia, qnrS1, and blaCTX-M-1. Our study highlights that wastewater from food industries can contribute to the release of AMR bacteria and genes to the environment. While the prevalence of AMR bacteria in sidestream materials was low among the isolates in our collection, numerous AMR genes were detected, which may be re-introduced to new production systems.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Exploring gut microbiota profile induced by antipsychotics in schizophrenic patients: insights from an Eastern European pilot study
(BioMed Central, 2025-10-30) Niță, Ilinca-Bianca; Văcărean-Trandafir, Irina-Cezara; Roxana-Maria Amărandi, Roxana-Maria; Ilie, Ovidiu-Dumitru; Dobrin, Petru-Romeo; Bejenariu, Andreea-Cristina; Ivanov, Iuliu-Cristian I; Doroftei, Bogdan
Background Schizophrenia (SCZ) is an intricate multi-systemic mental illness which has been linked to alterations of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota via the bidirectional network known as the gut-brain axis (GBA). However, the specific microbial signatures characterizing SCZ remain unclear. Methods We analyzed the gut microbiome composition of 57 Romanian adults, 30 SCZ, and 27 healthy controls (HCs), using amplicon sequencing on the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene isolated from stool samples. DNA was extracted with an optimized enzymatic and mechanical lysis protocol. Sequence profiling was performed using DADA2. Counts were variance‑stabilized (DESeq2 VST) for Bray–Curtis and weighted UniFrac distance calculation, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). To account for data compositionality, counts were also centered log‑ratio (CLR)–transformed for principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised sparse partial least square linear discriminant analysis (sPLS‑DA). Differential abundance was tested using Wilcoxon rank‑sum (false discovery rate - FDR corrected) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) (LDA > 4, FDR < 0.01). Results SCZ patients exhibited decreased Bifidobacterium (p = 0.0187), Blautia (p < 0.001), and Eubacterium (p = 0.00120) abundances compared to HCs. Additionally, SCZ patients showed higher Faith’s phylogenetic diversity both before (p = 0.049) and after rarefaction (p = 0.0022), while Shannon and Simpson indices were not significantly different between the two study groups. PCoA on Bray-Curtis and weighted UniFrac distances revealed clear SCZ-HC separation, with unadjusted PERMANOVA attributing 13–15% of variance to SCZ status alone (p = 0.001). After adjusting for smoking, diet, lifestyle, metabolic and comorbidity covariates, SCZ status remained the only significant term which contributed to variance in microbiome composition (R2 ~ 4.4%, p = 0.001). Within the SCZ group, only risperidone use (not age, sex, body mass index - BMI, glycaemia, lipids, or other medication use) was significantly associated with community structure (p < 0.01). PCA and sPLS-DA revealed that the principal drivers for group separation after taking into account the compositional nature of data were Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003 and Anaerostipes in HCs and Holdemanella in SCZ (all p < 0.0001). Conclusions Our integrative analyses provide evidence of gut microbiome alterations in SCZ and reveal that risperidone use modulates community structure, underscoring the need to consider the GI effects of antipsychotics when choosing appropriate regimens for patients, while at the same time highlight the GBA as a promising target for future therapeutic strategies.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Economics of Using GnRH on Day 5 After Timed Artificial Insemination in a Modified Double-Ovsynch Protocol at a Low-Fertility Dairy Farm
(MDPI, 2025-07-08) Borș, Silviu-Ionuț; Ariton, Adina-Mirela; Borș, Alina; Hârbu, Amalia-Ioana; Vintilă, Vasile
This study evaluates the effectiveness and financial impact of treating anoestrus dairy cows using a modified DO protocol. Among the 350 cows included in the study, 142 (40.6%) were identified as anoestrus. The average daily milk production, days in milk at artificial insemination (AI), number of AIs, and parity were 33.8 ± 6.8 kg, 152.6 ± 24.4 days, 1.3 ± 0.2 AIs, and 1.9 ± 0.8 lactations, respectively. To assess embryo survival in anoestrus dairy cows undergoing the modified DO protocol, two groups were established. The experimental group (E group, n = 74) received the GnRH agonist gonadorelin five days after TAI as part of the DO protocol. The control group (C group, n = 68) received only the DO protocol. The pregnancy rates and cumulative pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the E group (35.1% and 56.8%) compared with the C group (26.5% and 45.6%, p < 0.05). A binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the interaction between treatment and anoestrus status considerably affected the pregnancy rate (p < 0.001) and the occurrence of accessory corpus luteum (aCL, p < 0.0001). The UW-DairyRepro$ decision support tool utilized in this study, indicated that implementing this approach could increase the net present value (NPV) by USD 54.2/anoestrus cow/year.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Canine Cardiac and Cardiovascular Pathology: Four Major Life-Threatening Non-Degenerative, Non-Hereditary Conditions
(MDPI, 2025-11-04) Stancu, Adrian; Gros, Radu-Valentin; Luca, Iasmina; Călugărița, George-Andrei; Gavrilă, Alexandru; Pașca, Aurelian-Sorin
Cardiovascular diseases in dogs have diverse causes and may progress rapidly to life-threatening complications. This review outlines the relevant pathological conditions involving the cardiovascular system in dogs, especially the myocardium, including myocarditis caused by canine parvovirus (CPV-2), heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis), hemangiosarcoma, and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). CPV-2 affects the myocardium of puppies during the early weeks of life, leading to necrosis, fibrosis, and congestive heart failure. Heartworm disease is caused by adult D. immitis residing mainly in the pulmonary arteries, inducing pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular overload, and vascular damage, with the severity being related to the worm burden and duration of infestation. Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant vascular tumor, most frequently originating in the spleen or right atrium, often diagnosed at an advanced stage, with widespread metastases. Polyarteritis nodosa in dogs is a necrotizing, systemic vasculitis of medium-sized arteries that may affect the coronary arteries of the heart. Its pathogenesis is still unclear, though an immune-mediated mechanism is suspected. By presenting these lesions, the review underscores the many factors that can trigger cardiovascular diseases in dogs, as well as the clinical significance and the need for further research into their pathogenesis and treatment.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Sentinel Equines in Anthropogenic Landscapes: Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and Hematological Biomarkers as Indicators of Environmental Contamination
(MDPI, 2025-12-09) Popescu, Maria; Tripon, Mirela-Alexandra ; Lupșan, Mirela-Alexandra; Bungărdean, Denisa; Crecan, Cristian-Mihăiță; Musteață, Mihai; Pașca, Paula-Maria; Mârza, Sorin-Marian; Purdoiu, Robert-Cristian; Papuc, Ionel; Lăcătuș, Radu; Lăcătuș, Caroline-Maria; Panait, Luciana-Cătălina; Patrichi, Teodora-Sonia; Matei, Ileana-Rodica; Sisea, Cristian-Radu; Bunea, Claudiu-Ioan; Călugăr, Anamaria; Petrescu Mag, Ioan-Valentin; Daradics, Zsofia; Bora, Florin-Dumitru
Environmental contamination with heavy metals, resulting from industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural intensification, poses serious ecological and health risks. Horses, due to their grazing behavior and close association with human environments, serve as reliable sentinel species for assessing environmental pollution. This study aimed to evaluate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals and trace elements in different biological matrices of horses—blood, hair, hooves, and synovial fluid—and to investigate their relationship with hematological biomarkers as indicators of physiological stress. Samples were collected from horses raised in anthropogenically influenced areas and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). Hematological parameters were determined with an automated analyzer to assess systemic effects. The results revealed significant variations in metal concentrations among matrices, with keratinized tissues reflecting long-term exposure, while blood and synovial fluid indicated recent contamination. Correlations between elevated metal levels and altered hematological values suggested oxidative stress and adaptive physiological responses. These findings demonstrate the value of multi-matrix biomonitoring in evaluating both environmental quality and animal health. Horses effectively reflect the cumulative impact of heavy metal exposure, supporting their role as bioindicators within a One Health framework that links environmental, animal, and human well-being.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Green Synthesis of Bioactive Silver Nanoparticles from Fagopyrum esculentum Hulls
(MDPI, 2025-08-28) Macovei, Irina; Luca, Simon Vlad; Skalicka-Wozniak, Krystyna; Rîmbu, Cristina-Mihaela; Vochița, Gabriela; Aprotosoaie, Ana-Clara; Corciova, Andreia; Miron, Anca
Background/Objectives: The use of food waste in nanomaterial development represents an efficient and sustainable strategy for producing value-added products. Methods: In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) hulls, under optimized conditions. The resulting AgNPs were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. To evaluate their bioactivity, free radical scavenging assays, cytotoxicity assays against tumor and normal cells, and broth microdilution assays were conducted. Results: AgNPs, synthesized from the hydroethanolic and aqueous buckwheat hull extracts under optimized conditions, were small (mean diameters of 19.97 ± 7.86 and 5.55 ± 1.34 nm, respectively), well dispersed (polydispersity index values of 0.204 and 0.345, respectively), negatively charged, and stable (zeta potential values of −24.10 ± 6.73 and −23.5 ± 10.3 mV, respectively). The latter were more homogenous in shape, being predominantly spherical. Both samples of AgNPs demonstrated remarkable cytotoxic activity against A-375 human malignant melanoma cells (IC50 values below 5 μg/mL). AgNPs derived from the hydroethanolic buckwheat hull extract suppressed the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 37.50 and 4.68 μg/mL, respectively. AgNPs derived from the aqueous buckwheat hull extract exhibited higher free radical scavenging activity (EC50 values of 132.6 ± 0.3 and 77.40 ± 3.52 μg/mL in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, respectively). Conclusions: AgNPs synthesized from the buckwheat hull extracts demonstrated notable potential as antimelanoma and antibacterial agents.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Trastuzumab-Conjugated pH-Sensitive Micelles Exhibit Antitumor Activity and Induce Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines
(MDPI, 2025-12-02) Tiron, Crina Elena; Luta, Gabriel; Ghiarasim, Răzvan; Tiron, Adrian; Năstasă, Valentin; Aniță, Dragoș-Constantin; Iversen, Tore Geir; Skotland, Tore; Sandvig, Kirsten; Mareș, Mihai; Dimofte, Mihail-Gabriel
Background: Despite improved knowledge on cancer prevention, progression, and treatment, the incidence of cancer is still increasing. Patients with highly aggressive triple-negative breast cancer benefit from chemotherapy as the only systemic therapeutic alternative. Here, we performed studies that demonstrate the effects of trastuzumab linked to nanostructures with pH-dependent release on triple-negative models. Methods: We assessed in vitro cell proliferation, migration, invasion, mammospheres, spheroids, and organoid formation of human and murine cell lines. Balb/c mice were used to investigate the in vivo anti-tumoral effects of functionalized nanostructures. Ex vivo samples and cell lines were used to investigate, using immunohistochemistry and Western blot, the modulation of key molecular pathways. Results: Using a human normal cell line and human and murine triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, we found that trastuzumab exhibits anti-tumoral properties on triple-negative breast cancer cell lines only when linked to pH-sensitive micelles. In addition, the data demonstrates that functionalized micelles induce mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions, impairing the metastasis. Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicate that functionalization of micelles by linking trastuzumab may open the way of treating triple-negative patients with trastuzumab, a treatment which is currently in use for patients with Her2 overexpression. The functionalized micelles may be loaded with various molecules to further improve the anti-tumoral effects.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Behavioral and Biochemical Insights into the Therapeutic Potential of Mitocurcumin in a Zebrafish–Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) Epilepsy Model
(MDPI, 2025-03-07) Ciubotaru, Alin-Dumitru; Leferman, Carmen-Ecaterina; Ignat, Bogdan-Emilian; Knieling, Anton; Eșanu, Irina-Mihaela; Șalaru, Delia-Lidia; Foia, Liliana-Georgeta; Minea, Bogdan; Hrițcu, Luminița-Diana; Dimitriu, Cristina-Daniela; Stoica, Laura; Ciureanu, Ioan-Adrian; Ciobîcă, Alin-Stelian; Neamțu, Andrei; Stoica, Bogdan-Alexandru; Ghiciuc, Cristina-Mihaela
Background/Objectives: Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder with a strong link to oxidative stress, which contributes to seizure susceptibility and neuronal damage. This study aims to investigate the effects of curcumin (Cur), sodium valproate (VPA), and mitocurcumin (MitoCur), a mitochondria-targeted curcumin, on behavioral and oxidative stress parameters in a zebrafish model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. Methods: Adult zebrafish were exposed to two concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 µM for Cur and MitoCur; 0.25 and 0.5 mM for VPA). Behavioral assessments, including locomotion, spatial exploration, and directional movement, were conducted using EthoVision XT tracking software. Oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant status (TAS), were analyzed in brain homogenates. Results: Behavioral analyses indicated dose-dependent effects, with higher doses generally reducing activity. MitoCur at 0.25 µM enhanced antioxidant defenses and reduced oxidative damage, while higher doses exhibited a pro-oxidant shift. VPA at 0.25 mM improved TAS without significantly altering MDA levels. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of dose optimization in antioxidant-based epilepsy treatments and highlight the potential of MitoCur as a targeted therapeutic option.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Preliminary Data Regarding the Alleviating Effects of Haloperidol and Risperidone on the Short-Term Memory and Associative Learning in a Zebrafish Model of Schizophrenia
(MDPI, 2025-10-14) Lungu, Petru-Fabian; Hrițcu, Luminița-Diana; Nicoară, Mircea-Nicușor; Săvucă, Alexandra; Curpan, Alexandrina-Ștefania; Chelaru, Alexandru-Ionuț; Lungu, Corina-Miruna; Gurzu, Bogdan; Balmuș, Ioana-Miruna; Ciobîcă, Alin-Stelian; Plăvan, Gabriel-Ionuț
Background: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a psychiatric disorder that negatively impacts patients’ quality of life, frequently inducing difficulties in managing day-to-day tasks. Current research is persistently working on finding therapeutic methods to alleviate the positive and negative symptoms, as well as the associated cognitive dysfunctions. Since the main therapeutic approach in SCZ is antipsychotics, the current study aimed to explore the effects of typical (haloperidol, HAL) vs. atypical (risperidone, RIS) antipsychotics on the cognitive functions in an animal model (Danio rerio) of SCZ, obtained by ketamine (KET) administration. Methods: The cognitive evaluation of the zebrafish was performed using memory and learning tests based on two stimuli: food and colours (i.e., T memory test and novel object recognition (NOR) test, respectively). Results: According to the behavioural analyses, HAL significantly enhanced the cognitive performances of the SCZ model, as compared to RIS. Nonetheless, HAL and RIS exhibited comparable effects on social behaviour in the SCZ model. Interestingly, both HAL and RIS enhanced the interest for the novel object in the NOR test in control individuals, but significantly decreased it in the SCZ model. The interaction between KET and RIS could exhibit sedative properties. Conclusions: Both typical (HAL) and atypical (RIS) antipsychotics alleviated cognitive, socio-affective, and decision-making impairments in a ketamine-based adult zebrafish model of schizophrenia. HAL was more effective, particularly in food-stimulated decision-making compared to novel object or social stimuli. Colour influenced behavioural responses, with silver linked to prey/feeding effects and red perceived as aversive. The KET–RIS combination induced exploratory impairments, possibly due to sedative effects. These findings highlight differential pharmacological and ethological modulation of schizophrenia-like behaviours.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The Neuroprotective Potential of Ocimum Plant Species: Seasoning the Mind with Sweet and Holy Basil
(MDPI, 2025-09-05) Vasincu, Alexandru; Rusu, Răzvan-Nicolae; Ababei, Daniela-Carmen; Bulea, Delia; Arcan, Oana-Dana; Vasincu, Ioana Mirela; Beșchea Chiriac, Sorin-Ioan; Popescu, Ionuț-Răducu; Bild, Walther; Bild, Veronica
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) encompass a group of chronic conditions, characterized by neuronal losses in large areas of the brain, leading to cognitive and behavioral impairments. Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive ND, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β and tau protein, entails cognitive decline, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and blood–brain barrier impairment, with oxidative stress playing a critical role in its pathogenesis. To date, the available pharmacotherapy has shown limited efficacy, and multitarget activity of plant-derived neuroprotective bioactive compounds is currently in focus. This review synthesizes experimental evidence regarding Ocimum species with neuroprotective potential in AD, particularly Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum basilicum. These plants are rich in bioactive compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, essential oils, and triterpenoids that synergistically scavenge reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, upregulate endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx), and reduce lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, these extracts have demonstrated the ability to decrease β-amyloid accumulation and tau protein levels, key pathological features of AD. Even though additional research is required to fully assess their potential as therapeutic agents for NDs, by diving into the specific mechanisms through which they improve neurodegenerative processes, important steps can be made towards this endpoint.

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