2024

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.iuls.ro/handle/20.500.12811/6113

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listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
A comparative analysis of hematological parameters in carp individuals from different fish farms
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Șerban, A.; Ivancia, Mihaela; Ciobanu, Andrei; Mălăncuș, Răzvan-Nicolae; Creangă, Șteofil
Air quality affects the terrestrial environment, while water quality is critical for the survival and well-being of aquatic animals. This is especially important when considering the potential use of underwater creatures for human consumption. However, it is unrealistic to expect water quality parameters to be constantly ideal for fish reproduction, growth, and development in fish farms. Thus, it is essential to study the impact of water quality on biological material, which is necessary for fish farm populations, and to understand how different environments affect fish growth and development. In this study, biological material from three fish farms located far apart was used to examine the impact of different water quality parameters on fish growth and development. The specimens used were clinically healthy and two years old. The differences in water quality parameters between the three environments had a significant impact on the specimens, causing significant changes in their growth and development when they were transferred to new environments. Some specimens even died during the experiment due to the differences in water quality. The study also found that the adaptability of fish to their environment is not transferable to new environments, which can lead to significant changes in hematological parameters. In some specimens, the studied parameters were halved after transfer, while in others, they doubled. The study concludes that heritability is influenced equally by genetic and environmental factors, and the environment plays a crucial role in determining the characteristics of fish.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Maintenance systems used in Aberdeen Angus farms from the north-eastern Romania
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Țenu, F.; Donosă, Raluca-Elena; Maciuc, Vasile
Raising and fattening cattle for meat production is an important source of profit, playing an important role in the agriculture’ intensification and efficiency. This is due to the superior utilisation of cheap fodder resources that are transformed into meat, a product with high biological and nutritive value. Increasing the meat production of the Aberdeen Angus breed, in order to improve the production qualities, adapted in the north-eastern region of Moldova, requires knowledge of the maintenance and feeding systems applied in the farms from the studied area.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The influence of some endogenous and exogenous predisposing factors in overweight cats
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Petrescu, Silvia-Ioana; Matei, Mădălina; Radu Rusu, Cristina-Gabriela; Pop, Mircea-Ioan
Overweight was identified and monitorized in a group of 23 cats that were included in a weight management programme at a veterinary clinic. The risk factors studied in the population of cats in relation with the body score (between 5.5-9 according to the body score scale provided by the WSAVA) were endogenous like breed, age, sex and neuter status of the cats. It was elaborated a specific questionnaire before the enrolment of cats in the weight management programme, asking the owners to complete about their cats' eating behaviour, the type of used feed and the amount of food intake, to establish the caloric intake that contributes to their body weight. The analysis of risk factors for feline obesity revealed exogenous causes that produce or enhance weight gain in cats, namely lack of room or limited space in which cats are kept, sedentary lifestyle and/or ad-libitum feeding offered by cat owners.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Study regarding the influence of the temperature - humidity index value on the health of the mammary gland in a dairy cows herd from a farm in Iaşi county
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Amariții, G.; Neculai Văleanu, Andra-Sabina; Maciuc, Vasile
The values of NSC registered in a herd of cows vary depending on environmental factors such as temperature and humidity which, through direct synergistic action on the animals, induces stress levels that influences the defense capacity of the immune system of animals. The data were statistically processed to analyze the influence of heat stress on the mammary gland health in a herd of dairy cows. The highest values of the SCC average were recorded in autumn of 229.020 x 103 cells/ml and in summer of 220.870 x 103 cells/ml. As a result of the study, we can conclude that heat stress (THI ≥ 66) can be one of the factors that influence the health of the mammary gland.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Aspects of environmental protection in Romania in the context of sustainable development
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Brezuleanu, Carmen-Olguța; Brezuleanu, M.M.
Sustainable development is, according to the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED): "development that seeks to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". The sustainable development of any society must necessarily be based on three pillars, namely ensuring a sustainable environment, social equity and economic prosperity. These areas of concern, together with the corresponding responsibilities, are interlinked and require attitudes that embrace them, whether it is a citizen, a public institution or a company. According to constitutional provisions, the state through specialised public authorities must ensure citizens the right to a healthy environment. Sustainable development programmes focus precisely on the protection of the environment and resources. Romania is committed to implementing the Sustainable Development Goals at national level and has revised its National Sustainable Development Strategy to integrate Sustainable Development Goals. Environmental protection is an essential element of sustainable economic development and a condition for long-term political and social stability. The objectives underpinning the construction of the European Union's environmental policy have been laid down in the European Community Treaty, Art. 174. Thus, it states that the objectives of European environmental policy are the following: 1. To preserve, protect and improve the quality of the environment. 2. Protection of human health. 3. Prudent and rational use of human resources. 4. Promoting measures at national level to address regional environmental and other problems. The European Union's environmental policy, established by the EC Treaty, aims to ensure the sustainability of environmental protection activity by developing preventive measures and respecting the "polluter pays" principle, and is a horizontal policy. Horizontal legislation includes regulations ensuring transparency and circulation of information, public access to information, facilitating the decision-making process, but also boosting the strategic environmental assessment process. The Environmental Management System (EMS) is a mechanism that addresses major environmental issues by allocating resources, assigning responsibilities, and continuously evaluating practices, procedures and processes, which are organised in a systematic way. The European Union's environmental policy, established by the EC Treaty, aims to ensure the sustainability of environmental protection activity by developing preventive measures and respecting the "polluter pays" principle, and is a horizontal policy. Horizontal legislation includes regulations ensuring transparency and circulation of information, public access to information, facilitating the decision-making process, but also boosting the strategic environmental assessment process. The Environmental Management System (EMS) is a mechanism that addresses major environmental issues by allocating resources, assigning responsibilities, and continuously evaluating practices, procedures and processes, which are organised in a systematic way. The Environmental Management System is a mechanism that allows the development of the Environmental Management Programme that guides the actions necessary to achieve the targets set by the Environmental Policy. Current environmental protection measures have been oriented towards environmental management, which uses a broad combination of coercive and incentive measures to achieve sustainable improvements.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Influence of salting method on quality parameters of sheep pastrami produced at U.S.V. Iași through traditional and extensive methods
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Ciobotaru, Mihai-Cătălin; Manoliu, Diana-Remina; Ciobanu, Marius-Mihai; Boișteanu, Paul-Corneliu
The present work aimed to produce and evaluate the sensory and physicochemical quality of three different types of sheep meat (pulp) pastrami. The difference between them was represented by the type of salting used: dry salting, wet salting by immersion, and wet salting by injection. The production of the three types of pastrami was carried out in the meat processing workshops of the University of Life Sciences in Iași. The three batches of pastrami were subjected to analyses to check their quality. Initially, the sensory quality of these products was analyzed using the CATA (Check All-That-Apply) test to determine consumer perception. Following the first qualitative analysis (sensory analysis), analyses were carried out to determine the physicochemical quality of the products studied, including pH, instrumental determination of colour, texture, and chemical composition. The results of the study showed significant differences between batches of pastrami in terms of fat, moisture, protein, collagen, and salt content (p > 0.05). Salt had a significant impact on the colour and texture characteristics of meat products. Regarding the colour of the samples, the analyzed data show that meat samples subjected to L1DS dry salting (45.514±0.704) and L2WS wet salting (47.422±0.704) exhibited a more intense red hue and a more pronounced yellow hue compared to the L3BI brine injection-processed sample (48.274±0.704). In terms of sensory evaluation, the samples were assessed for attributes such as colour, texture, flavour, and overall quality. The injection-salted pastrami batch performed best in terms of overall quality and flavour.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Study on the quality of Telemea cheese obtained within the unit “Fabrica de produse lactate Crislact”
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Usturoi, Alexandru; Rațu, Roxana-Nicoleta; Usturoi, Marius-Giorgi; Avarvarei, Bogdan-Vlad; Nistor, Cătălin-Emilian; Davidescu, Mădălina-Alexandra
Telemea cow’s cheese is a native variety, made from cow’s milk, preserved in brine, and of the wide variety of cheeses that are made in our country, this is the most widespread due to consumer demand. The present study was carried out in order to determine the quality of the Telemea cheese product obtained in the “Fabrica de produse lactate Crislact” processing unit in Iaşi County. In parallel, the monitoring of the quality parameters of raw material milk intended for processing was also carried out. The raw material milk had variable properties from one manufacturing series to another. Thus, the most fluctuating parameter was represented by the fat content, where the average value determined was 3.62±0.84, but under the conditions of determining a coefficient of variation of 21.42. The quality of the Telemea cheese assortment was extremely constant for each batch produced during the research, a statement supported by the homogeneity of the characters studied. The general conclusion of this paper is that the unit, although forced to process mainly collected milk, has the ability to offer high quality products, with extremely homogeneous properties from one production series to another.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Research on milk production in saanen goats under different farming conditions
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Marinică, L.; Nadolu, D.; Anghel, Andreea-Hortanse
In the context of increasing consumer interest in goat milk products, more and more breeders have focused on improving milk production for the local goat breeds or have opted for raising specialized imported breeds. The present study aims to present the evolution of milk production in the case of 30 Saanen goats included in the purebred breeding studies of the Breed Genealogical Register. The milk production of the 30 goats from two far, whit different exploitation systems, traditional (lot 1- in Iași county) and permanently in stabulation (lot 2- in Constanta county), has been monitored for five years (2019-2023), revealing the productive potential under different exploitation and nutrition conditions. The average annual milk production in the two lots varied depending on the exploitation conditions, with values ranging from 797.7 kg/lactation to 907.03 kg/lactation in permanently stabulation condition compared to 542.27 kg/lactation and 626.05 kg/lactation in the traditional exploitation system. These values were higher than the milk production of local goat breeds, but lover than the production reported for Saanen goats in the other Genealogical Registries (France).
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Bioinformatics study of phy gene encoding phytase from various of microorganims
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Mayasari, N.; Triratna, L.; Azhar, A.; Maulana, H.; Dyin; Widyastuti, Y.; Herlina, N.; Abun; Ridwan, R.; Rohmatussolihat; Hasbi Al Islahi, A.S.
Phytase is an important enzyme for livestock especially for monogastric because this enzyme is able to hydrolyze phytic acid. The addition of phytase in ration has been known ncreased digestibility of phosphate, reduced soil pollution, and increased feed digestibility. In Indonesia, the avaibility of phytase is limited. The sources and technology to produce phytases is needed. Thus, various studies including bioinformatic study is important to fullfill the requirement of phytase in Indonesia. This study aimed to study phy gene encoding phytase from different microorganisme.. Data regarding a phy gene sequences encoding phytase from different microrganisms, amino acid sequences of phytase, 3D structure with active site and binding site of phytase, the phylogenetic tree of phy gene and phytase were evaluated. The results showed that coding sequence (CDS) size of the phy gene varies from 1104 to 1959 base pairs with the amino acid sequence size from 368 to 652 AA. The active site of phytase from Aspergillus niger are the amino acid Histidine (His59) and Aspartic acid (Asp339) where this phytase is dominated by the alpha helix structure. While, phytase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has 6 calcium binding sites, namely GLU15, PRO29, VAL73, ASP280, ILE 312, dan ASP313, where beta sheet and loop are very dominant in compiling this enzyme. Further study on bioinformatics, gene expressuon, enzyme activities and biological evaluation is needed to support the development of phytase production.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Research on collection and valorisation of milk in quality conditions in a cattle farm
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Maciuc, Vasile; Amariții, G.; Sănduleanu, C.; Loghin, M.A.; Doliș, Marius-Gheorghe
The present paper aims to highlight the results of the study on the collection and valorisation of milk in quality conditions. It is known that both internal factors and exploitation and environmental factors influence the quantitative and qualitative performances of cattle.50 cows belonging to the Fleckvieh breed and reared in semi intensive farming conditions were taken into study. Statistical processing was done on a computer software program, analysis of variance and covariance (S.A.V.C.). Analysing the data from the milk analysis reports, we can see that the maximum limit allowed for the NCS indicator is exceeded in the winter season (480.36x 1000 somatic cells/ml of milk),the maximum value recorded for this season being of 6737.00 x 1000 somatic cells /ml, in the other seasons the average values are within the maximum limit accepted by the European Community (EC) respectively of 400000 somatic cells/ml of milk. We can conclude that there are deficiencies in complying with the milking technique (training of the worker, preparation of the milking plant, preparation of the cow, etc), since there are cows in which NCS in milk exceeds the maximum limit allowed by the European Community.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Analysis of the quantitative and qualitative milk production of the R1 sheep resulting from the crossbreeding of local sheep from the north-eastern area of Romania with the Awassi breed
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Bulmaga, V.D.; Răducuță, I.; Cristian, C.; Păun, A.G.
The aim of the present work was to analyze the quantity and quality of milk production at R1 crossbreeds in the first lactation resulting from crossing local sheep from the north-eastern area of the country with Awassi rams. For the determination of total milk production, the control of milk production includes the suckling period of the lambs and the milking period of the ewes. The AT4 method was used during the milking period following the technical specifications recommended by ICAR. During the suckling period, the amount of milk in R1 crossbreds ewes was 57.33 kg and the production of milked milk was 71.54 kg. The average daily milk production of the 4 controls for R1 crossbred ewes was 649.38±37.03 g, with limits between 285 and 1197 g milk. In 180 days of total lactation the milk production obtained in the first lactation of crossbreds R1 sheep was 128.87 kg, being 2% lower than that obtained in Awassi breed sheep. Thus, a significant improvement in the milk production of local sheep can be observed by using this type of crossbreeding.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The assesment of farmer on goat estrus performance of local breed and Ettawa crossbreed cultivated in Manado city area
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Ngangi, L.R.; Toar, W.L.; Rotinsulu, M.; Rumokoy, L.; Utiah, W.
The goats of local breed (LB) and ‘ettawa crossbreed’ (ECB) are generally reared in Manado by farmer to contribute meat production in the local market. The assessment ability in oestrus performance is important to improve breeding livestock. This study aims to determine the assessment ability of farmer in assess the estrus in their reared in the Manado area. The results of the study showed that there was no significant difference between assessment ability to the farmer of local breed (LB) and ‘ettawa crossbred’ (ECB (P>0.05).
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Population dynamics of fish from the Danube River in the sector km 1047 - 1071: estimation of growth and mortality parameters
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Stroe, Maria-Desimira; Crețu, M.; Dobre, A.; Mirea, D.; Ion, G.; Dima, F.M.
As the human population continues to grow, the demand for food resources rises, consequently exerting greater pressure on aquatic ecosystems. Given the scarcity of suitable information for stock assessments, the growth and mortality of certain commercial fish species from the Danube River were estimated based on length-frequency data. In this context, growth and mortality parameters were determined for the following species: common carp (Cyprinus carpio), pike perch (Sander lucioperca), crucian carp (Carassius gibelio), common bream (Abramis brama), and European catfish (Silurus glanis). Fish were captured in the Danube sector between kilometers 1047 and 1071, situated between two hydrological stations: Baziaș and Moldova Veche, during the period from January 2021 to August 2023. The results of our research indicate overexploitation of pike perch (E=0.64), crucian carp (E=0.71), common bream (E=0.64), and European catfish (E=0.55). Our study highlights the importance of maintaining balance within the fish community of the Danube and the need to develop effective strategies for the conservation and management of fishery resources.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Exploratory analysis in the relationship of parity and lactation period on milk production
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Mayasari, N.; Giffari, H.S.; Rifqi Ismiraj, M.
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the effect of parity and lactation period on the milk yield of dairy cows. Data were collected from a dairy farm over a period of 32 days, which included daily milk yield, parity, days in milk, and lactation period. The data were preprocessed and analyzed using statistical software. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test showed significant differences in milk yield between cows of different parities and lactation periods. Post-hoc testing further identified specific groups that differed significantly from each other. Correlation analysis revealed a subtle negative correlation between parity and average milk yield. Furthermore, a predictive model was developed using a linear regression approach, which estimated the average milk yield based on a cow's parity and lactation period. This model can serve as a valuable tool for farmers and dairy industry stakeholders to optimize milk production, especially in the respective dairy farm in the future. The findings underscore the importance of considering parity and lactation period in managing dairy cow milk yield.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Comparative study regarding the productive performances of two breeds of beef cattle exploited in the mountain area of Romania
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Maciuc, Vasile
In this paper it is compared the productive performances of two breeds of beef cattle exploited in the mountain area. The studied population was 143 heads belonging to the Aberdeen Angus and Charolaise breeds. Statistical processing and testing was done using the SAVC (Statistics Analysis of Variance and Covariance) computer programs, respectively SPSS 16.00 for WINDOWS. At birth, the weight was on average 30 kg in the Aberdeen Angus breed, and in the Charolaise breed body weight at birth was on average 40 Kg. The average daily weight gain at 365 days for the studied breeds was 828 g, respectively 1153 g for the Charolaise breed. The weight at the age of 365 days for studied cattles from the two farms was 322 kg for the Aberdeen Angus breed and 461 kg for the Charolaise breed. The Aberdeen Angus breed has a low birth weight of 25–28 kg which makes subsequent development slower compared to the Charolaise breed. Optimizing the exploiting conditions will ensure good results up to 365 days and, for the Charolaise breed, good results will be obtained up to 18 month of exploiting. The studied breeds are valuable under optimized exploiting conditions that allow the expression of the genetic potential of animals.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Analysis of economic vulnerability determinants of goat farms
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Chetroiu, R.
The livestock sectors, including goats breeding, face currently economic difficulties and a low level of specialization and integration of productions, in a challenging world. The objective of the paper is to evaluate the degree of economic vulnerability of different goat farms, based on the calculation of technical-economic indicators. The material studied is a sample of 33 goat farms of different sizes, from different regions of Romania, between 15.0 and 476.7 heads/farm (average size for the years 2017-2019), falling into the following categories: 3% subsistence farms, 27.3% semisubsistence farms, 12.1% small farms, 57.6% medium farms. The goat breeds from the farms under study are Carpatina, Alba de Banat, as well as highly productive breeds, such as French Alpine and Saanen and their crossbreeds with Romanian breeds. The research results indicated that the mountain area would be the most vulnerable from an economic point of view in raising dairy goats. Also, the farms that are part of the smallest size segments, under 100 heads, have the highest degree of economic vulnerability and fail to adapt quickly to changes in the economic environment. In this context, the analysis of technical-economic indicators highlights the characteristics of the processes and becomes an important tool in their assessment, in adopting decisions and transforming the economic reality.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The analysis of efficiency scenarios in the milk production sector, by species
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Iurchevici, L.
In the dairy sector, the economic efficiency issues have a complex causality and are essential for the future and continuity of these activities. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the average level of technical-economic indicators in dairy cow, sheep and goat farms, at the country level, based on the estimates regarding different categories of expenses and the average prices on the free market, at the level of the year 2023 and using formulas in economic specialty literature. Thus, depending on the efficiency level of the farm, possible scenarios for varying technical-economic indicators were simulated, obtaining different results regarding the profitability of the farms, with positive or negative values. Thus, for an average level of 6000 l of milk/cow and a price of 2 RON/l, the rate of net income with subsidies was -4.26%. In sheep milk, for a production of 60 liters/head and 5 RON/liter, the above indicator was -2.77%, and in goat milk, at 270 liters/head and 4,5 RON/liter, the rate of net income with subsidies was 13.05%. Indicators that may vary refer to the level of milk production, the price of milk at the producer, the value of secondary production (calf/lamb/kid/manure capitalized on the market), or the allocation of different levels of fixed or variable expenses. The application by farmers of some scenarios of increase or decrease in the level of different technical-economic indicators constitutes an important managerial tool for the planning process of production activities.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The influence of meat consumer behavior on the reduction of farmers' economic vulnerability
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Ilie, D.M.
Today's consumer is much more attentive to the origin of food, how it was produced or whether agricultural practices respect the environment. Therefore, farmers must adapt production to consumption trends, offering a varied range of high quality and sustainable food. Also, the measures adopted in the last period for animal welfare led to an increase in the quality of the products, as well as the safety of the animals, ensuring the safety of the consumer at the same time. The purpose of the research was to establish the profile of meat consumers by analyzing the preferences for certain types of meat, the frequency of consumption, the source of supply and the criteria that influence the choice of the place of purchase, also presenting their recommendations for producers. The research method was the quantitative survey through the application of the questionnaire, and for the analysis of the data, scaling methods and techniques in marketing were used. The researches showed that 97.6% of the respondents consume meat, of which 45% daily, among the favorites being poultry and pork. Beef and mutton are occasionally consumed by a certain category of consumers, who prefer a higher quality meat, but which in terms of price is less accessible. The results of this study can contribute to farmers' decisions regarding meat production, as well as the orientation towards products that satisfy consumer demands, thus reducing the economic vulnerability of farmers activities.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
An overview of the romanian project on traceability of agri-food products - implementation stage
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Cenușă, A.V.; Arion, F.H.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Production performances and nutritional egg quality when feeding flaxseed meal and different sources of antioxidants in laying hens’ diet
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2024) Panaite, T.D.; Cornescu, G.M.; Ropota, M.; Cismileanu, A.; Visinescu, P.; Matache, C.C.
Nowadays, the evaluation of the fat content of dietary components in the poultry sector carries considerable significance in assessing their utilization and deposition within the animal body and the resulting products. The effect of dietary flaxseed meal and different antioxidant sources on layers’ performances and egg quality was investigated in a 6-wks feeding trial on 120 Tetra SL layers (38 weeks) assigned to 4 groups (C, E1, E2, E3). The control (C) diet was characterized by 2800 kcal metabolisable energy (ME) and 17.8% crude protein (CP), 1.13 g α-linolenic acid/100g FAME. Compare to C diet, all three experimental groups were supplemented with flaxseed meal 5%, and different antioxidant sources: 27 mg vitamin E/kg diet (E1), 100 mg vitamin E/kg diet (E2), and 2% red grape pomace meal (E3). The flaxseed meal supplementation increased up to 10 times the α-linolenic acid dietary concentration. At the end of the experiment, 18 eggs/group were collected to determine the eggs’ nutritional and quality parameters. The ingesta of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega 3 (PUFA) concentration increased highly significantly (p=0.0001) by 7.5 times at all experimental groups (0.60; 0.60; 0.61 g FA/ingesta) compared to C group (0.08 g FA/ingesta). The fat concentration of yolk significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in E2 and E3 groups compared to C. The same trend was noticed for the cholesterol level which significantly decreased (p = 0.039) on all experimental groups (0.25; 0.25; 0.23g/100g egg) compared to C group (0.29g/100g egg). A highly significantly level (p = 0.0001) of Ω3 fatty acids was recorded on E1 (62.59 mg/ whole egg), E2 (64.45 mg/ whole egg), and E3 (59.97 mg/ whole egg) groups compared to C group (17.61 mg/ whole egg) which determined a low Ω6/Ω3 ratio. The index of thrombogenicity (TI), important indicators thrombogenic potential of fatty acids, registered lower values (p ≤ 0.05) on E1, E2 and E3 (0.54, 0.57, 0.55) compared to C group (0.70). In conclusion, the dietary flaxseed meal inclusion and the antioxidants supplements registered a high transfer rate of omega-3 fatty acids to egg yolk therefore enhancing the egg nutritional quality with real benefits for human health.

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