2016

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.iuls.ro/handle/20.500.12811/961

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Ga3 assisted seed dormancy breaking in Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. subsp. moschatus
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017-02-13) Gogoi, G.; Borua, P.K.; Chetia, Dipankar
Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. subsp. moschatus is a wild uncultivated variety of common lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus) possessing a high degree of seed dormancy. Methods of dormancy breaking in the seed of the plant were investigated through different physical and chemical methods. Different preconditioning treatments including hot water, dry heat, physical scarification and chemical treatments including exogenous GA3 were applied to explore the initiation in germination. Seeds were germinated under the controlled photoperiod and temperature. The viability of the test seeds was estimated by topographical 2, 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution test. Highest germination percentage was obtained in the seeds treated with the exothermic reaction of H2SO4 and H2O, followed by exposure to gibberellic acid (GA3). The exposure time of exogenously applied GA3 had a significant influence on the germination response. The optimum germination temperature was found to be 30 ± 0.5°C. Treatment with 0.75% of 2, 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution for 4 h at 35 ± 0.5°C enabled to correlate the viability of the seeds with the germinative values. Maximum germination was induced through this technique and dormancy of the seed can be attributed due to hard impermeable seed coat and endogenous physiological factor.
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The effect of irrigation intervals scheduling and nitrogen and zinc content on wheat yield and yield components in drought stress
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017-02-13) Parsai, N.; Vazin, F.; Hassanzadeh, M.
In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation interval on yield and quantitative-qualitative characteristics of bread wheat, splited plot experiment in randomized block with four replications in the 2010-11 crop years was conducted in the research field of Islamic Azad University of Gonabad. A number of 7, 9 and 10 days irrigation treatments formed the main factors of test, and spraying and nonspraying of nitrogen and zinc were considered as subfactor of test. The results showed that the effect of irrigation was significant for the number of grains per spike in the level of 5% and on 1000-grain weight and fat percent at the level of 1%, and had no significant effect on grain yield, biological yield, number of spikes/sq m stem height, stem diameter and protein content. Nitrogen treatment was significant at the level of 5% on biological yield and number of spikes/sq m, but had no significant effect on grain yield, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, stem height, fat and protein percent, and stem diameter. Treatment with zinc was statistically significant in probability level of 1% only on percentage of fat and had no significant effect on grain yield, biological yield, grain numbers per spike, weight of 1000 seeds, spikes/sq m, stem height, protein percent and stem diameter. Seven days irrigation with of nitrogen allocated for highest seed yield (265.38 g/m²/sq m) and biological yield (659.33 g/m²/sq m). Means comparison showed the highest 1000-grain weight was obtained from 7 days irrigation (47.10 g) and the lowest from 13 days irrigation (40.44 g). According to the experiment results, 7 days irrigation was recognized as the best irrigation to achieve maximum economic performance and 13 days irrigation were determined as most appropriate irrigation for maximum performance for the region due to lack of water and weather conditions of Gonabad, spraying zinc and nitrogen to improve production was proposed depending on different irrigation and the purpose of production.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Reclamation of high residual sodium carbonate water with commercial sulphuric acid for sustainable cropping and soil conservation
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017-02-13) Ali, S.; Raza, S.A.; Sarwar, Z.; Sani, M.S.
A study was carried out in field experimental area of directorate of land reclamation Punjab, Lahore, to investigate the effect of experimentally quantified commercial sulphuric acid (76%) on residual sodium carbonate (RSC) of water, soil quality and crop yield. The findings were clear indications of effectiveness of acid injection approach to treat water. The sulphuric acid application reduced the RSC value of 6.1 to nil by making (T2) slight change in EC of water. This treated water not only improved the soil quality by decreasing its calcareousness from 20 to 17.2 making soil soft while the same increased to 23 in control (T1), where not acid amendment was done. Similarly, SAR of soil was also restricted from an increase by acid treated water rather than the control set of experiment. To make RSC nil, 5.19 liters of sulphuric acids were injected in water for 3 acre inch irrigation. An increase of 16.65% in grain yield of wheat crop was observed upon harvesting in T2, in comparison with control. Ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents (TPC) were also high in T2, followed by T3 and T1. All the changes in soil parameters and crop yield were found statistically significant.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Quality of rice grain is influenced by organic and inorganic sources of nutrients and antioxidant application
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017-02-13) Gharieb, A.S.; Metwally, T.F.; Abou Khadrah, S.H.; Glela, A.A.; El Sabagh, A.
The present research was conducted to study the influence of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients as well as antioxidant on rice quality. The experiment was designed in split-split plots with four replications, where main plots were assigned to nitrogen (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg N ha-1) and sub plots were allocated to compost (0, 3.5 and 7 tons ha-1), while the sub-sub plots were assigned to ascobien (control, spraying with ascobien in two times at 15 and 30 days after transplanting (DAT), spraying with ascobien three times at 15, 30 and 45 DAT). The result indicated that grain quality traits were significantly influenced by the organic and inorganic fertilizers, and ascobien. The percentage of hulling, milling and amylose were positively and significantly influenced by nitrogen, organic and antioxidants application. Most of studied characters produced the highest values with the organic fertilize were combined with nitrogen and antioxidants. Application of 110 kg N ha-1, 7 t ha-1 compost and two or three spraying of ascobien, 110 kg N ha-1 or 3.5 t ha-1 compost and three times spraying and 55 kg N ha-1, 7 t ha-1 compost and two times spraying could be recommended for optimum grain quality of Sakha106 rice variety. It can be concluded that compost along with the foliar application of ascobien can be saved from 50 to110 kg N ha-1, without reducing grain quality. It can be the key to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and decrease the cost of production with keeping healthy soil.
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Performance of pepper seedlings developed from seeds pretreated with algal aqueous extracts
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017-02-13) Rinez, Imen; Saad, Ines; Rinez, Asma; Ghezal, Nadia; Haouala, Rabiaa
This study aims to evaluate the effect of seed priming for two pepper varieties by extracts of two algae thalli on the performance of growth at vegetative stage.The seeds were soaked in thalli aqueous extracts (at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 g/L), for 24 h at 28±2°C, rinsed thoroughly with distilled water and then dried to their initial weight as a first batch (SD), a second batch of seeds was considered, corresponding to seeds placed in Petri dishes to germinate directly after washing (SND). Untreated seeds were the control. The results showed than the priming has improved seedlings growth for both varieties. Seed priming with algae aqueous extracts has improved roots and shoots length. The best stimulations were 220% and 70%, respectively, recorded for seedlings of Baklouti and Chargui varieties, following the priming with the extract of Padina pavonica at 40 g/L concentration. These improvements appear to be related to a better photosynthetic intensity, an increase in the number of leaves and the water content, which were noted in plants from pretreated seeds. Finally, the results indicate that, generally, the plantlets from SND were more vigorous. The results of this work show that algae could be an inexhaustible resource of substances, that can be used as an alternative to chemicals used in the pretreatment of seeds, reducing the risk of pollution and preserving the biological material.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Morphological characterization and a morphometry map for varroa mites from Northwest of Egypt
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017-02-13) Abou-Shaara, H.F.; Tabikha, R.M.
Varroa mite, Varroa destructor, is the most destructive factor to western honey bee colonies worldwide. In 1904, Varroa was firstly recorded on honey bees, at the beginning it was hypothesized that Varroa is one species but recently this hypothesis has been considered to be incorrect. In 1983, Varroa mite was recorded in Egypt for first time. So far, a single study was done in Egypt to confirm Varroa species to be V. destructor and not Varroa jacobsoni as it was previously thought. Still the exact haplotype of Varroa in Egypt is unknown. This study is a step towards the identification of Varroa in Egypt. Here, morphological investigations were performed on Varroa specimens belong to northwest Egypt (El-Behera governorate). Three characteristics only showed significant differences among districts, namely body width, genital shield width, and genital shield length/ genital shield width (ratio II), while the rest of characteristics did not present any significant differences. The correlations among the characteristics were very weak, except body length which correlated significantly (P<0.05) with body width and genital shield width by 0.52 and 0.42, in respect. The study presented additional confirmation that V. destructor is the current species infesting honey bee colonies in Egypt. Also, Varroa haplotype was identified to be the Korean one. A list of some morphological traits of Varroa mite was provided to enable further comparisons. A morphometry map for Varroa mites was also done using a geographical information system (GIS) to correlate between geographical locations and morphological characteristics. The morphometry map clearly classified studied districts, according to measured characteristics, into three classes as low, moderate and high. This study has a significant importance towards the fully understanding of Varroa populations in Egypt.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Efficacy of different fungicides against dry rot pathogen of potato caused by Fusarium sp. under in vitro condition
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017-02-13) Sandipan, P.B.; Solanki, B.P; Patel, Nital N.; Patel, R.L.; Verma, P.D.; Desai, H.R.
Potato crop is affected by numerous diseases in field, as well as in storage conditions, particularly in cold storage. Dry rot of potato is caused by Fusarium sp. Dry rot of seed tubers can reduce crop establishment by killing developing potato sprouts, and crop losses can be up to 25%, while more than 60% of tubers can be infected in storage. It is a rich source of energy, which supplement food source of a country. In this experiment, four systemic and four non-systemic fungicides were tested at different concentrations in vitro for their comparative efficacy against inhibition of the growth of Fusarium sp. through poisoned food technique. To manage these diseases effectively, different concentrations of fungicides were tested. Results revealed against Fusarium sp. that carbendazim and benomyl significantly inhibited the fungal growth even at its lower concentration (100 ppm) and proved statistically superior over the rest of the fungicides tested at different concentrations and among non-systemic fungicides, MEMC significantly inhibited the fungal growth even at its lower concentration (1000 ppm).
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Effect of foliar application with salicylic acid on some morphological and physiological characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under drought stress
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017-02-13) Khatiby, A.; Vazin, F.; Hassanzadeh, M.; Ahmadi Shadmehri, A.
Drought is an important factor that could restrict plants growth and productivity through several biological and physiological processes. Salicylic acid (SA) has a key role in many physiological processes of plants and stimulate specific responses against various stresses biotic and abiotic, in some of plants. In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application by salicylic acid (SA) under drought stress on some morphological characteristics sesame, a split-plot experiment with a completely random design with three replications was performed. There were three levels of irrigation: control (normal irrigations), water stress at flowering stage and water stress at seed production stage, as main plot and sub plot consisting of four levels of the foliar application of salicylic acid: 0 (control), 1, 1.5 and 2.25 mM. Results indicated that the effects of water stress on traits, such as plant height, height of first capsule from soil surface, number of branches, number of capsules per plant showed significant difference at a level of 1%, while on the number of seeds per capsule, seed weight, leaf area index, biological yield, grain yield sesame, without significant difference indicated. Foliar application with salicylic acid was not so significant (P< 0.05) at different concentrations on measured traits, as well as interactive effects between drought stress and different amounts of salicylic acid, without significant difference observed.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Cryopreservation of Bălțată cu Negru Românească cattle immature oocytes by slow freezing method: preliminary research
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017-02-13) Borș, Silviu-Ionuț; Creangă, Șteofil; Dascălu, Dan-Lucian; Ariton, Adina-Mirela; Neculai Văleanu, Andra-Sabina; Ruginosu, Elena; Borș, Alina
Research on bovine oocytes cryopreservation is important for successful preservation of genetically valuable animal. The transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular puncture coupled with in vitro embryo production has become competitive and alternative method for MOET (Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer) in dairy cattle. The aim of this preliminary research is to presents the result of Bălțată cu Negru Românească (BNR) cows oocytes recovery by two different protocols and its cryopreservation by slow freezing method. By applying the recovery oocytes from slaughterhouse ovary we obtained an average of 16.34 ± 6.71 oocytes per cow, much higher compared with the Ovum Pick Up (OPU) method, which reveals an average of 2.75 ± 0.2 oocytes per cow. After applying the slow freezing procedures using the ethylene glycol cryoprotectant we observed the oocytes with cumulus cells normal with the spherical shape and normal zone pellucida.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Biology and use of entomopathogenic nematodes in insect pests biocontrol, a generic view
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017-02-13) Mahmoud, M.F.
The development of resistance to synthetic insecticides is one of the driving forces for changes in insect pest management. Governments regulatory bodies are in favour of environmentally safe chemicals with low toxicity, short-term persistence, and limited effects on nontarget organisms as predominantly requirements for pesticides registration. Biological control can be considered as a powerful tool and one of the most important alternative control measure providing environmentally safe and sustainable plant protection. The success of biological control will depend on understanding the adaptation and establishment of applied biological control agents in agricultural ecosystems. Microbial pathogens and arthropod biocontrol agents, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been successfully used in agricultural systems. They are highly virulent, killing their hosts quickly and can be cultured easily in vivo or in vitro. They are safe for non-target vertebrates and for the environment, and production costs have been significantly reduced in recent times as they are mass produced in liquid media. Moreover, no difficulties to apply EPNs as they are easily sprayed using standard equipment and can be combined with almost all chemical control compounds. EPNs are widely used to control economically important insect pests in different farming systems: from fruit orchards, cranberry bogs and turf grass to nurseries and greenhouses. The use of EPNs for biocontrol began only in early 1980s and involved a step-by-step scientific and technical development. Mass production of the nematodes played a key role in the commercially development of insect pests control with nematodes.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Study of the anti-pregnancy - associated glycoprotein (anti-PAG) resulted from antigen PAG immunization, as prospective early pregnancy detector in animals
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2016-10-31) Lestari, Tita-Damayanti
Blastocyst protein named pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) has been isolated from pregnant dairy cow serum. PAG yielded from previous research issued from pregnant animals, wherein was specifically produced. This study is an initial research to use PAG as an antigen to be injected to rabbit in order to produce the corresponding antibody. The objective of the research was to study the character of anti-pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (Anti-PAG), as a result of immunization of PAG and to learn its specification reaction. The PAG isolate had bovine origin (molecular weight-MW of 67.34 kDa) and issued from previous research. Injection of PAG isolate could stimulate the production of Anti-PAG as an immunization response. Immunization was done by double booster inoculation. Anti-PAG derived from immunization was characterized via antibody titer value using ELISA technique. Specificity test of Anti-PAG was carried on by Western Blot technique. Results revealed that injection of PAG isolate to the rabbit stimulates anti-PAG production. Concentration of Anti-PAG was 1.192 μg with titer of 1.044. Anti-PAG derived from rabbits recognized Standard PAG antigen (bovine PAG MDBiomed cat. 101-7963-13- 3) and PAG isolate derived from previous research. The reaction of antigen antibody is the basic structure of creating a gestation detection kit. Anti-PAG is expected to be the molecular marker in developing a gestation detection kit in the near future.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Strategies for soil amelioration using sulphur in salt affected soils
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2016-10-31) Ahmed, K.; Qadir, G.; Jami, A.R.; Saqib, A.I.; Nawaz, M.Q.; Kamal, M.A.; Haq, E.
Effective use of salt affected soils needs the development of the most efficient and suitable reclamation technology to optimize farm management and better crop yields. Different chemical methods and amendments are used to reclaim the salt affected soils and after reclamation such soils may be used for sustainable agricultural production. Choice of a chemical amendment depends on its availability, cost, handling and time of application. Application of sulfur is very effective technique to suppress the uptake of undesired toxic elements and to improve the quantity and quality of produce in salt affected soils. So, a three-year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the comparative reclamation efficiency of two sulfur sources, i.e elemental sulfur and gypsum to improve the soil conditions by reducing the salinity/sodicity impact and yield characteristics of rice and wheat crop. A saline-sodic field {(ECe = 6.10 dS m-1, pHs = 9.21 and SAR = 41.67 (mmol L-1)1/2, SO4-S = 16.0 (mg kg-1) and soil gypsum requirement (SGR) of 9.10 t ha-1 for 0-15 cm soil depth} was selected. The treatments included were: control, gypsum application @ 100 SGR, S application @ 25, 50, 57, 100 and 125 % of SGR. Statistical analysis of three-year pooled data showed that varying levels of sulfur and gypsum significantly improved soil properties and rice-wheat yield than control, however, gypsum @ 100% of soil GR was at par with S @ 125 and 100% of SGR in term terms of improving yield component of both test crops and reducing soil pHs, ECe and SAR. Efficiency of treatment could be arranged as gypsum @ 100% SGR = S @ 125 % of SGR= S @ 100% of SGR> S @ 75 % of SGR> S @ 50 % of SGR> S @ 25% of SGR>control.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Small grain cereal–clover mixtures for forage production
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2016-10-31) Shoaib, M.; Akhtar, N.; Shehzad, M.; Qamar, R.; Sanaullah
Fresh forages are the cheapest source of animal feed in world. Small grain cereals (SGC) are the most commonly used fresh forages or ensiled forage. Clovers are the perennial legumes that offer quality forage but their initial dry matter (DM) yield is low. Usually, SGC and clover are sown in mixtures to draw benefits from greater Cut-1 DM yield of cereals and biological nitrogen (N) fixation of clovers. However, mixtures are difficult to manage, compared to monoculture owing to differences in their growth pattern, temporal, spatial and physical requirements. In this review, SGC-clover mixtures are analyzed for their potential herbage DM yield and quality of the produce. Effect of various management factors on the productivity of forage mixtures are well documented. Decisions in managing mixtures, like choice of cereal and cutting time and how they affect the value of the final produce is reviewed. Besides decision, effect of relative proportion and spatial arrangement of intercrops is also deliberated. Special attention is paid to the competition between SGC and clovers and its impact on clover suppression in mixture. At the end conclusions are drawn to optimize production from mixtures.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Proline, soluble sugar, leaf starch and relative water contents of four maize varieties in response to different watering regimes
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2016-10-31) Anjorin, F.B.; Adejumo, S.A.; Agboola, L.; Samuel, Y.D.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of four maize varieties to different simulated watering regimes in term of proline, starch and soluble sugar contents as well as relative water content. Maize seeds were planted in 64 plastic pots of 20 litre capacity, arranged in a factorial fitted in completely randomized design (CRD), with four replications in the screen house of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (I.A.R&T), Moor Plantation Ibadan. The watering was done based on the designated field capacities (FC) of 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Fresh leaf samples were collected five weeks after planting and at the end of each stress period. The proline, soluble sugar, leaf starch and the relative water contents in the leaves were estimated. The results obtained showed that watering regime significantly influenced the leaf starch, soluble sugar, proline and relative water contents. The varieties also differ significantly in the proline, soluble sugar content, leaf starch and the relative water contents. Watering regime and variety interaction was significant for soluble sugar, starch, proline and the relative water content. Highest soluble sugar of 1.28 mg/g and proline of 35.70 μmol/g FW were obtained when FC was 25% and lowest when watering level was optimum. The starch and relative water contents were optimum under full watering (100% FC) and lowest when field capacity was 25%. Variations were observed with regards to different maize varieties. ART98SW6-OB accumulated the highest quantity of soluble sugar and proline under 25 and 50% field capacities alongside DTESYN, which is a drought tolerant maize variety. It could be concluded that water stress increased production of soluble sugar and proline, while water availability increases relative water content and favors starch accumulation. The consideration of these metabolites alongside other physiological features is a very fast and reliable method for drought tolerant plant selection even at the plant seedling growth stage.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Is better minimum than standard mouldboard ploughing tillage from viewpoint of the pore-size distribution and soil water retention characteristic changes?
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2016-10-31) Šimanský, V.; Polláková, N.; Jonczak, J.
At present time exists a lot of soil tillage practices with different effects on soil productivity, therefore the effects of two tillage systems (conventional: CT, and miminum: MT) and two different soil types (Chernozem and Mollic Fluvisol) on soil physical quality indicators and water availability were evaluated in an on-farm study in the Krakovany (Danube Lowland, Slovakia). We evaluated pore-size distributions and selected hydro-physical properties (capillary rise, maximum capillary water capacity and retention water capacity). The total porosity (P) on average by 23% and by 14%, non-capillary pores (Pn) by 271% and by 114% and semicapillary pores by 102% and by 192% were significantly greater for CT than MT in Chernozem and in Mollic Fluvisol, respectively. The content of capillary pores (Pc) was significantly greater for MT than CT on average by 13% and 8% in Chernozem and in Mollic Fluvisol, respectively. The average content of capillary rise (ΘCR), maximum capillary water capacity (ΘMCWC) and retention water capacity (ΘRWC) were higher by 6, 10 and 13% under MT than CT in soil profile of Chernozem. The same effect of soil tillage systems in Mollic Fluvisol was not observed. In Chernozem under MT with increased P, ΘCR significantly increased, however, under CT, the ΘCR significantly decreased. At the same time we determined negative correlations between Pn and soil water retention characteristics under CT. Higher content of Pc resulted in higher values of capillary rise, maximum capillary water capacity and retention water capacity in both soil types under both tillage systems.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
INA gene inactivation in isolated strains from frozen leaves and its effects on plant freezing
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2016-10-31) Yadollahpour, A.; Bagheri, N.A.; Rahimian, H.
Freezing is a major environmental stress, which limits plant’s distribution, growth and productivity. Ice nucleation active bacteria can catalyze ice formation at temperatures as high as -2°C. A membrane protein confer the ability of ice nucleation, called ice-nucleating proteins (INPs), which is encoded by a single gene. Mutation in this gene will lead to delaying of ice nucleation. In this study, leaf tissues of several plants with freezing symptoms were collected from different locations and 40 bacterial isolates with yellow circular colonies and regular margins were isolated from samples. Finally, total of 12 isolates belong to Xanthomonas were selected for ice nucleate activity (INA) by Dropletfreezing test and presence of INA gene was surveyed by PCR. According to the obtained results, isolate 28 was targeted to mutagenesis by using Tn5 transposon. After mutagenesis, isolates with ability to grow on kanamycin, which lack of INAx gene in PCR were considered as mutated isolates and their freezing effects were evaluated on bean seedlings. Results showed that isolates with mutated INA gene cannot induce freezing on bean seedlings, while primary identified isolate (isolate 28) could do it. These results show that if we could replace wild type ice nucleation active bacteria with mutated forms (just different in ice nucleation activity), we could, probably, prevent freezing and subsequent economic losses.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Genetic diversity among some rice genotypes with different drought tolerance based on SSR markers
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2016-10-31) Freeg, H.A.; Anis, G.B.; Abo Shousha, A.A.; El Banna, A.N.; El Sabagh, A.
Rice is the most important food crop for the developing world. Hence, identifying rice genotypes to drought tolerance for using as donors in breeding is one of the most important challenges for rice research. Therefore, Molecular markers are useful tools to determine genetic diversity and identifying rice genotypes to drought tolerance. In the present study, A number of 41 rice genotypes with different drought tolerance from different geographic locations were evaluated for genetic diversity by using 15 SSR markers. A total of 68 alleles were detected of which 61(89.79%) were polymorphic. The number of alleles detected by a single marker varied from 2 to 8 alleles with an average of 4.71 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.07 (RM219) to 0.80 (RM263) with an average of 0.52. Genetic similarity coefficients of pair wise comparisons were estimated on the basis of the polymorphic microsatelite loci ranged from 0.23 to 0.91 indicating a wide range of genetic variation present among the studied genotypes. It was determined that the primers RM20A, RM302, RM212 and RM286 could be useful for selecting drought tolerant lines through MAS approach. The most significant application of these identified major QTLs for drought tolerance is to collect those favorable alleles into elite local line through marker assisted breeding. The results indicated the ability of SSR markers to identify the allelic diversity and genetic variation among the studied rice genotypes. These results recommended for using this material in future breeding programs to provide important source of genetic diversity for drought tolerance in rice.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Fungus evaluation from seeds germplasm before medium and long term storage
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2016-10-31) Plăcintă, Domnica-Daniela; Murariu, Danela
During 2000-2016, 213 entries from 29 plant species from different crop groups (cereals, legumes, industrial crops, perennial grasses, vegetables, cucurbits, aromatic and medicinal plants) from core collection of the Suceava Genebank were evaluated from phytosanitary status point of view, before the storing. The seeds testing to the micromycetes incidence in the laboratory by incubating of them on blotting paper substrate and agar medium was performed. Fungal saprophytes from genus as: Alternaria spp., Stemphylium spp., Cladosporium sp., Rhyzopus sp., Epicocum sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Botrytis sp. occurred frequently in seeds samples of the tested crops. Also, 12 fungal parasite were isolated: Sclerospora sp., Diplodia sp., Nigrospora sp. on maize; Drechslera spp. on wheat, barley, rye and flax; Septoria sp. on barley; Fusarium spp. on maize, barley, rye, millet, bean, pea, flax, hemp, peppers, cucumbers; Colletotrichum spp. on maize, bean and faba bean; Sclerotinia sp., Isariopsis sp. and Rhyzoctonia sp. on bean; Verticillium sp. on peppers and okra, Ascochyta sp. on pea. The obtained results were expressed as percentage of the number of fungal isolated from tested samples species, highlighting the existing microflora and need to seed health testing with major importance in maintaing of high quality germplasm avoiding the pathogens preservation and dissemination.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Assessment of consumer preferences on table grapes of new Vitis vinifera L. cultivars
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2016-10-31) Filimon, Vasile-Răzvan; Damian, Doina; Filimon, Roxana-Mihaela; Rotaru, Liliana
Studying consumer behaviour became a concern of grape producers and grapevine breeders since they can learn how consumers choose their products and which are the factors influencing their choice. In this study, 98 respondents from Iaşi County, NE of Romania, aged between 18 and 61 years and grouped in four age categories, were surveyed in order to determine through sensorial analysis their perception on table grapes of seven new Vitis vinifera L. cultivars created in Romania. Respondents’ perception differed with age category. Subjects between 18 and 27 years were the most demanding, grape colour uniformity and aromas being considered very poor. Contrariwise, seeds perception and skin thickness were not assessed as negative features. Respondents from 28 and 35 years appreciated positively the grapes of Napoca and Gelu cultivars, aromatic sensation being noted as very intense for most cultivars. The 36-45 years group considered that grapes of studied cultivars have neutral aroma and seeds perception is unpleasant, grapes of Cetăţuia cultivar being preferred. Respondents between the 46-61 years age group rated positively the grapes of Transilvania and Napoca cultivars, especially for the intensity of aromatic sensation, colour and bloom uniformity. Mean data analysis, revealed that the respondents preferred black grapes with lighter and uniform shades of colour, with large and crunchy berries covered by a uniform wax layer, a balanced sugar/acidity ratio and fewer seeds, grapes of Transilvania cultivar being the closest to their demands. The study revealed that table grapes of the studied V. vinifera L. cultivars created in Romania possess valuable features highly appreciated by consumers and superior characteristics, that can be further use in vine breeding programmes.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
A study of source and sink relationships to select wheat lines and genotypes for drought tolerance
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2016-10-31) Kamel, M.; Yazdansepas, A.
In current study, 14 genotypes of bread wheat chosen by breeding tests in Zanjan Agricultural Research Institute of Iran were exposed to two experiment under irrigation and late season drought stress. The experiments were conducted between 2012-2013 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that, under non-stress condition, the differences among genotypes were significant regarding biological yield and grain weight per spike, while under stress condition in addition there were significant differences about grain yield and biological yield at pollination stage. Under normal and stress condition, the highest and the lowest biological yield was observed in genotype 3 (52.6 g per 15 stems), genotype 2 (35 g per 15 stems), respectively. The average weight of grain per spike decreased by 44.38 % under drought stress condition. In flag leaf removal experiment, results showed that the genotypes significantly differed under nonstress condition regarding the spike weight, grain weight per spike and weight of the leaves, except flag leaf, while under stress condition there were significant differences among genotypes in terms of biological yield, spike weight, peduncle weight at pollination stage, grain weight pre spike and weight of the leaves, except flag leaf. In leaves defoliation (except flag leaf), results showed that the differences among genotypes under normal and stress condition regarding spike weight, grain number per spike, biological yield, peduncle weight, and flag leaf weight were significant.

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