2021

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.iuls.ro/handle/20.500.12811/3111

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 21

listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Study of some foxtail lilies species (Eremurus M. Bieb.) grown in the North-East of Romania
(University of Bucharest, 2020-12-15) Bahrim, Cezar; García Breijo, Francisco José; Apostol, Maria; Asănică, Constantin-Adrian; Teliban, Gabriel-Ciprian; Munteanu, Neculai; Rotaru, Liliana; Draghia, Lucia
Three species of Eremurus M. Bieb. grown at UASVM Iasi, Romania, were studied: E. himalaicus Baker, E. robustus Regel and E. stenophyllus (BOISS. & BUHSE) Bak. Some ornamental (morphologic and phenologic) features were analyzed and also the anatomic structure of the leaf, the content of photosynthetic pigments and the enzymatic activity of the leaves. The biometrical and phenological determinations indicate a good ecological adaptability of the plants, in accordance with similar reports. The anatomical differences between the three species are not very great, but the stomata in E. stenophillus and E. himalaicus are arranged at the same level as the epidermal surface while in E. robustus they are arranged a little lower, and the assimilating parenchyma layer is more developed in E. stenophillus and E. himalaicus than in E. robustus. At E. robustus and E. himalaicus a larger content of assimilatory pigments and a more reduced enzymatic activity were observed.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Climate changes in recent decades, the evolution of the drought phenomenon and their influence on vineyards in North-Eastern Romania
(AcademicPres Cluj-Napoca, 2021-12-15) Zaldea, Gabi; Nechita, Ancuța; Damian, Doina; Ghiur, Andreea-Denisa; Cotea, Valeriu V.
Unfavourable trends have been identified in the evolution of climate factors (temperatures, precipitation, etc.) over the past years, with a direct impact on the vegetative and productive potential of the vine. This calls for a reassessment of climate resources and the adaptation of cultivation technologies to the new conditions. Our paper analyses the climate data recorded between 1991 and 2020 for the Iaşi vineyard ecosystem, which allowed for the calculation of a series of bioclimatic indices and coefficients, deviations from the multiannual average values, soil moisture dynamics, and their influence on development of vegetation phenophases and grape production. The increasing tendency of the average annual temperature and the decreasing amounts of precipitation registered point to a marked warming of the vineyard climate, especially after 2000. The high values of temperatures, corroborated with the soil water deficit, determined an intensification of the atmospheric and pedological drought, a shift in vegetation phenophases, shortened development periods and a forced ripening of grapes, with a negative impact on yields, which fluctuated from one year to another. The analysis of the ecoclimate conditions over the past 30 years has highlighted an alternation of periods, a colder and wetter one between 1991 and 2006, and a warmer and dried one between 2007 and 2020.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Sustainable application of biosorption and bioaccumulation of persistent pollutants in wastewater treatment: current practice
(MDPI, 2021-09-22) Filote, Cătălina; Roșca, Mihaela; Hlihor, Raluca-Maria; Cozma, Petronela; Simion, Isabela-Maria; Apostol, Maria; Gavrilescu, Maria
Persistent toxic substances including persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals have been released in high quantities in surface waters by industrial activities. Their presence in environmental compartments is causing harmful effects both on the environment and human health. It was shown that their removal from wastewaters using conventional methods and adsorbents is not always a sustainable process. In this circumstance, the use of microorganisms for pollutants uptake can be seen as being an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective strategy for the treatment of industrial effluents. However, in spite of their confirmed potential in the remediation of persistent pollutants, microorganisms are not yet applied at industrial scale. Thus, the current paper aims to synthesize and analyze the available data from literature to support the upscaling of microbialbased biosorption and bioaccumulation processes. The industrial sources of persistent pollutants, the microbial mechanisms for pollutant uptake and the significant results revealed so far in the scientific literature are identified and covered in this review. Moreover, the influence of different parameters affecting the performance of the discussed systems and also very important in designing of treatment processes are highly considered. The analysis performed in the paper offers an important perspective in making decisions for scaling-up and efficient operation, from the life cycle assessment point of view of wastewater microbial bioremediation. This is significant since the sustainability of the microbial-based remediation processes through standardized methodologies such as life cycle analysis (LCA), hasn’t been analyzed yet in the scientific literature.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Ultrasonic extraction for preparation of plant extracts with bioinsecticidal effects on pest from seed deposits
(Universitatea "Babeş-Bolyai" Cluj-Napoca, 2021-06-30) Daraban, Gabriel-Mihăiță; Zaharia, Carmen; Rusu, Lăcrămioara; Puițel, Adrian-Cătălin; Bădeanu, Marinela; Șuteu, Daniela
This paper describes the preparation of plant extracts using solid-liquid ultrasonic extraction (sonoextraction), the characterization of prepared extracts and their bioinsecticidal activity. The studied raw vegetal material:Primula veris, Achillea millefolium, Origanum vulgare and Artemisia absinthium, was collected from the spontaneous flora of Romania, Moldova region. To assess the efficiency of solid-liquid sonoextraction process, the influence of some operating parameters such as solid/liquid ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature, and extraction efficiency was studied. The qualitative study has in view the interpretation of UV-VIS spectra recorded for the extracts, and the quantitative study consists in the estimation of total polyphenols and flavonoids content of prepared vegetal extracts. The resulted data indicate that the content of polyphenols and flavonoids is dependent of the extraction temperature, extraction time and solid/liquid extraction ratio. The bioinsecticidal activity of Origanum vulgare and Artemisia absinthium extracts was evaluated on the Acanthoscelides obtectus (commonly named as ladybug bean) using two application techniques (i.e. direct and indirect application using a cellulose disk as a porous material impregnated with extract that allows controlled evaporation), being registered a mortality rate of adults in the range of 35-55%. Therefore, the studied extracts proved to be effective in controlling ladybug bean from seed stores.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Studies on kinetics and adsorption equilibrium of lead and zinc ions from aqueous solutions on Sarkanda grass lignin
(Editura Academiei Romane, 2021-06) Ungureanu, Elena; Trofin, Alina-Elena; Trincă, Lucia-Carmen; Ariton, Adina-Mirela; Ungureanu, Ovidiu C.; Fortună, Maria-Emiliana; Jităreanu, Carmenica-Doina; Popa, Valentin I.
In this study, the adsorption of Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions from aqueous solutions onto lignin obtained from unmodified Sarkanda grass was analyzed. To ensure optimal process conditions, the retention of lead and zinc ions was tested at different experimental parameters (pH of the initial solution and adsorbent, the dose of adsorbent, the concentration of aqueous solutions and contact time). The experimental results have been interpreted using the classic Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, as well as two kinetic models (the Lagergren pseudo-first order and the Ho and McKay pseudo-second order models). Based on the analysis of the experimental data, it has been concluded that unmodified Sarkanda grass lignin can be recommended as an efficient alternative, considering its practical applicability, in the retention of Pb2+and Zn2+ ions from aqueous solutions, both in terms of the amount of adsorbate and pollutant species retained, as well as in terms of adsorption time.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Reducing SO2 content in wine by combining High Pressure and glutathione addition
(International Viticulture and Oenology Society, 2021-03-09) Christofi, Stefania; Katsaros, George; Mallouchos, Athanasios; Cotea, Valeriu V.; Kallithraka, Stamatina
The aim of this work was to examine the potential of High Pressure (HP) technology as an alternative technique to SO2 addition for red wine preservation. It focused on producing wines with reduced added SO2 and the simultaneous addition of glutathione (GSH) as a natural antioxidant. Selected quality parameters of red wine samples from Mouchtaro grapes treated by HP using various pressure parameters were tested. HP processing studied was applied at 200, 400 and 600 MPa for 0, 5 and 15 min. The application of HP for a long duration resulted in a significant reduction in phenolic compound concentrations (TP) due to both extended polymerisation and reduced volatile acidity (VA) and acetic acid concentrations (AAC), which in turn was mainly due to better antimicrobial protection. Based on the changes to the contents of all TP, VA and AAC groups, processing for 5 min at 400 MPa was selected as the optimum HP condition. Red wine samples from Mouchtaro grapes containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L of SO2 and 10 mg/L of GSH were HP-treated under the selected pressure/time conditions. Untreated samples containing the same concentrations of SO2 and GSH were used as control samples. Indices such as AAC, Antioxidant activity (AOA), total anthocyanins, TP, mean Degree of Tannin Polymerisation (mDP) and the composition of volatiles was determined over a period of 12 months. Sensory analysis of the samples took place during the 12th month of storage. After the 12-month period, the pressurised samples with GSH showed higher content of total aldehyde/ketone and higher-alcohols, consistently lower concentrations of acetic acid, ethyl acetate and total esters, and lower VA values. Finally, based on the results obtained from the sensory analysis, untreated samples were characterised by «Red fruits» odours, whereas treated samples were distinguished by their «chocolate» aroma. These results suggest that HP could be used for the production of more «mature» wines. A reduced SO2 concentration of up to 40 or 60 mg/L may be sufficient for wine stabilisation when combining HP treatment and GSH additions, depending on grape variety.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Influence of different commercial yeasts on volatile fraction of sparkling wines
(MDPI, 2021-01-26) Cotea, Valeriu V.; Focea, Mihai-Cristian; Luchian, Camelia-Elena; Colibaba, Lucia-Cintia; Scutarașu, Elena-Cristina; Niculaua, Marius; Zamfir, Cătălin-Ioan; Popîrdă, Andreea
The occurrence of aroma constituents in sparkling wines, with direct impact on their organoleptic characteristics, is affected by several factors, for example the base-wine particularities, grapes cultivar conditions, inoculated yeasts, the aging stage, and wine-making practices. This study evaluated the influence of different four commercial yeasts (IOC FIZZ™, IOC DIVINE™, LEVULIA CRISTAL™, and IOC 18-2007™) on the volatile composition of experimental sparkling wines. For this, five sparkling wines variants from the Muscat Ottonel grape variety were obtained. The base-wine was obtained through reverse osmosis and had a predetermined alcoholic concentration (10.5% vol.). In order to fulfill the proposed purpose, the experimental sparkling wines were characterized by the physical–chemical parameters (according to International Organization of Vine and Wine methods of analysis), volatile fraction (using gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry technique), and sensory descriptors. Data showed a key impact on the concentration of the volatile constituents (p < 0.05), depending on the type of inoculated yeast for the second fermentation. Regarding the sensory analysis, important differences can be observed due to the type of inoculated yeast. Only a minor influence on the physical–chemical parameters was registered.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The influence of temperature, storage conditions, pH, and ionic strength on the antioxidant activity and color parameters of rowan berry extracts
(MDPI, 2021-06-22) Cristea, Elena; Ghendov Moșanu, Aliona; Patraș, Antoanela; Socaciu, Carmen; Pintea, Adela; Tudor, Cristina; Sturza, Rodica
Recent trends in the food industry combined with novel methods in agriculture could transform rowan into a valuable raw material with potential technological applications. Thus, the aim of this research was to investigate the content of bioactive compounds in its fruits and to assess the color and antioxidant stability of the extracts prepared from such fruits during various thermal treatments and at different pH and ionic strength values. Various spectrophotometric methods, HPLC, and capillary electrophoresis were used to quantify the concentrations of bioactive compounds—polyphenols, carotenoids, organic acids, and to assess antioxidant activity and color. The results show that rowan berries contain circa 1.34–1.47 g/100 g of polyphenols among which include catechin, epicatechin, ferulic acid methyl ester, procyanidin B1, etc.; ca 21.65 mg/100 g of carotenoids including zeaxanthin, b-cryptoxanthin, all-trans-b-carotene, and various organic acids such as malic, citric, and succinic, which result in a high antioxidant activity of 5.8 mmol TE/100 g. Results also showed that antioxidant activity exhibited high stability when the extract was subjected to various thermal treatments, pHs, and ionic strengths, while color was mainly impacted negatively when a temperature of 100 C was employed. This data confirms the technological potential of this traditional, yet often overlooked species.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Gelatin reinforced with cncs as nanocomposite matrix for Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1585 spores in seed coatings
(MDPI, 2021-09-25) Dogaru, Bianca-Ioana; Stoleru, Vasile; Mihalache, Gabriela; Yonsel, Sems; Popescu, Maria-Cristina
Increasing interest on sustainable agriculture has led to the development of new materials which can be used as seed coating agents. In this study, a new material was developed based on gelatin film reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) which was further used as nanocomposite matrix for Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1585 spores. The nanocomposite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing the formation of new hydrogen bonds between the components with a good compatibility between them. Measurements of water contact angles and tests of water vapor sorption and swelling degree revealed an improvement in the water vapor absorption properties of the films as a result of their reinforcement with CNC. Furthermore, by adding the Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1585 spp. in the seed coating material, the germination percentage, speed of germination and roots length of the corn seeds improved. The polymeric coating did not inhibit the growth of T. harzianum KUEN 1585, with this material being a good candidate in modern agriculture.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Effect of different winemaking conditions on organic acids compounds of white wines
(MDPI, 2021-10-25) Scutarașu, Elena-Cristina; Teliban, Iulian-Valentin; Zamfir, Cătălin-Ioan; Luchian, Camelia-Elena; Colibaba, Lucia-Cintia; Niculaua, Marius; Cotea, Valeriu V.
Organic acids represent naturally occurring compounds that are found in many types of food and beverages, with important functions in defining products’ final quality. Their proportions in wine are dependent on grape composition and winemaking conditions (temperature, pH levels, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentration). Therefore, this article studied the influence of different fermentation conditions (200 hL tanks vs. 50 L glass demijohns) and various yeasts on the evolution of the main organic acids during alcoholic fermentation of “Aligoté” wines. The fermentation lasted 22 days and samples were collected daily. Laboratory analyses were quantified according to the International Organization of Vine and Wine recommendations. High-performance liquid chromatography for the identification and quantification of organic acids was used. The data showed the important effect of winemaking conditions on sugar consumption, density or acidity values, and sensory characteristics. Significant differences in organic acid concentrations (especially for tartaric acid) were obtained for all variants, depending on the fermentation conditions, inoculated yeast and the sampling moment. The quantities of most of the identified organic acids were generally significantly increased when glass vessels were used, compared to those fermented in tanks. Most organic acids concentrations were favored by lower pH and showed higher values at lower temperatures.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Effects of development stage and sodium salts on the antioxidant properties of white cabbage microgreens
(MDPI, 2021-02-28) Patraș, Antoanela
Microgreens, considered “superfood”, are easy to cultivate and very rich in health promoting compounds, as antioxidants. White cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) microgreens contain high quantities of phenolics, which contribute together with other bioactive compounds to their important antioxidant properties. The present study analyses the effects of development stage (5-, 7- and 9-days) and two sodium salts, NaCl and Na2SO4 , in two concentrations (0.01 M and 0.1 M), on the antioxidant properties of white cabbage microgreens. Among the three development levels, the 5-day microgreens revealed the highest total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging and total reducing capacities. Concerning the effects of sodium salts, 0.01 M NaCl and 0.1 M Na2SO4 determined higher total reducing capacity. Additionally, 0.01 M NaCl induced the highest DPPH radical scavenging capacity, while the most important total phenolics and anthocyanins contents were obtained in case of 0.1 M Na2SO4 . In conclusion, from the developmental point of view, the 5-day old microgreens present, globally, the best characteristics. Considering the elicitor effects of sodium salts, 0.01 M NaCl and 0.1 M Na2SO4 generally determined the strongest antioxidant properties. The results could be used to develop new production technologies for antioxidant-enriched microgreens.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Calcium carbonate-carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid materials
(MDPI, 2021-06-16) Fortună, Maria-Emiliana; Ungureanu, Elena; Jităreanu, Carmenica-Doina
In the present work, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) were prepared to obtain new hybrid materials used in papermaking. In the first step, oc‐ curred the precipitation of CaCO3 in solution containing CMC at different levels (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). In the second step, PCC–CMC hybrid material (25%) was added to pulp suspension, and the sheets were made. The effect of PCC–CMC on paper properties (mechanical and optical) was sys‐ tematically investigated. Breaking length, the brightness and opacity of the sheets obtained with the PCC–CMC material were better than the sheets fabricated with the unmodified PCC at similar levels of content.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Evaluation of in vitro corrosion resistance and in vivo osseointegration properties of a FeMnSiCa alloy as potential degradable implant biomaterial
(Elsevier B.V., 2020-07-25) Trincă, Lucia-Carmen; Burtan, Liviu-Cătălin; Mareci, Daniel; Fernández Pérez, Bibiana M.; Stoleriu, Iulian; Stanciu, Teodor; Stanciu, Sergiu; Solcan, Carmen; Izquierdo, Javier; Souto, Ricardo M.
In vitro electrochemical characterization and in vivo implantation in an animal model were employed to evaluate the degradation behaviour and the biological activity of FeMnSi and FeMnSiCa alloys obtained using UltraCast (Ar atmosphere) melting. Electrochemical characterization was based on open circuit potential measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques while the alloys were immersed in Ringer's solution at 37 °C for 7 days. Higher corrosion rates were measured for the Cacontaining material, resulting from inefficient passivation of the metal surface by oxy-hydroxide products. In vivo osseointegration was investigated on a tibia implant model in rabbits by referring to a standard control (AISI 316 L) stainless steel using standard biochemical, histological and radiological methods of investigation. Changes in the biochemical parameters were related to the main stages of the bone defect repair, whereas implantation of the alloys in rabbit's tibia provided the necessary mechanical support to the injured bone area and facilitated the growth of the newly connective tissue, as well as osteoid formation and mineralization, as revealed by either histological sections or computed tomography reconstructed images and validated by the bone morphometric indices. The present study highlighted that the FeMnSiCa alloy promotes better osteoinduction and osseconduction processes when compared to the base FeMnSi alloy or with AISI 316 L, and in vivo degradation rates correlate well with corrosion resistance measurements in Ringer's solution.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Evaluation of the nutrients uptake by tomato plants in different phenological stages using an electrical conductivity technique
(MDPI, 2021-03-29) Bodale, Ilie; Mihalache, Gabriela; Achiței, Vlăduț; Teliban, Gabriel-Ciprian; Cazacu, Ana; Stoleru, Vasile
Nutrient consumption by plants depends on the growth stage and environmental conditions. In general, plants take up species of elements at different speeds. We monitored and recorded the electrical charge flow through xylem sap of tomato plants (Brillante F1) using femto/picoammeter equipment (Keysight B2981A). This technique evaluates the nutrient uptake of tomato treated with the most common macronutrients (KNO3; KH2PO4; Ca(NO3)2; KCl) by monitoring the electrical conductivity for 24 h. The electrical conductivity of each treatment correlated with the plant growth and development stages. The results showed that the tomato plants had a high consumption of nutrients in the vegetative stage, while in other stages, they had a specific consumption, like phosphorus for bulb formation, potassium for increasing the number of flowers and water for the ripening of fruits. The quantitative evaluation of the ions absorbed by the plant was based on the magnitude and shape of the electrical conductivity curves. Our technique is an efficient method to determine nutrient consumption and is useful in predicting the deficiency of a certain element in tomato plants.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Evolution of phenolic profile of white wines treated with enzymes
(Elsevier Ltd., 2020-08-26) Scutarașu, Elena-Cristina; Luchian, Camelia-Elena; Vlase, Laurian; Colibaba, Lucia-Cintia; Gheldiu, Ana-Maria; Cotea, Valeriu V.
The aim of this study is to monitor the evolution of the principal phenolic compounds throughout the fermentation stage of white wines treated with different enzymes. The effect of five commercial enzymes on the evolution of the phenolic profile during the alcoholic fermentation of white wines obtained from Fetească regală and Sauvignon blanc varieties was evaluated. Physicochemical properties of resulted wine samples have been analyzed according to OIV standards and regulations. The evolution of the principal phenolic compounds was carried out using HPLC method. Enzymatic treatments did not significantly affect the physicochemical composition of the obtained wines. The analyzed samples showed different variations on the phenolic compound content, depending on the type of added enzyme and grape variety. The statistical analysis confirms that enzymes significantly contributed to the enrichment of the wines with phenolic compounds, especially with pcoumaric, gentisic, caftaric, and protocatechuic acids.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
A review of representative methods used in wine authentication
(MDPI, 2021-03-09) Popîrdă, Andreea; Luchian, Camelia-Elena; Cotea, Valeriu V.; Colibaba, Lucia-Cintia; Scutarașu, Elena-Cristina; Toader, Ana-Maria
Authenticity and the methods for determining fraud are two of the most important issues in the field of quality control and food safety. In the winemaking field, the study of authenticity is all the more necessary, with wine being one of the most adulterated foods, as the monthly reports of the European Commission show. This results in a two-fold problem: consumer expectations are not met and there is a disloyal competition among wine producers in the field. Authenticity has been a priority research direction worldwide for centuries. Today, researchers are working on improving already existing methods of authenticity monitoring, but also on creating new ones. The intention is to have results that are as accurate, fast and inexpensive as possible for confirmation or rejection of the hypothesis. The bibliographic study of the literature undertaken for the development of this article aims to identify the classical methods of establishing authenticity, describe them and establish their degree of efficiency. Moreover, a review of the current research trends is presented in this work.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
New evidence of model crop Brassica napus L. in soil clean-up: comparison of tolerance and accumulation of lead and cadmium
(MDPI, 2021-09-29) Roșca, Mihaela; Cozma, Petronela; Minuț, Mariana; Hlihor, Raluca-Maria; Bețianu, Camelia; Diaconu, Mariana; Gavrilescu, Maria
The potential of the model crop Brassica napus L. (rapeseed) for the phytoremediation of soils polluted with metals was investigated at laboratory scale. The first step consists in the evaluation of the seed germination and growth of the Brassica napus L. plant in a controlled environment, followed by the determination of the photosynthetic pigments content represented by chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids. The degree of metal accumulation in rapeseed has been evaluated by the bioaccumulation factor (BAC), the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF). Phytotoxicity tests were performed in Petri dishes with filter papers moistened with metal solutions in the range of 0 to 300 mg/L Pb(II) or Cd(II). At the highest concentration of the lead and cadmium treatments (300 mg/L), B. napus L. showed the lowest germination degree (56.67% and 43.33%, respectively). According to Tukey test results, Pb(II) concentrations of up to 300 mg/L do not significantly affect the length of the hypocotyls, whereas, in the case of Cd(II), the mean of the radicle and hypocotyl lengths of the seedlings are significantly affected compared to the mean of the control. In soil pot experiments, important changes have been obtained in the pigment content, especially in the case of cadmium. For both metals and for each treatment (100 to 1500 mg/kg Pb(II) and 1 to 30 mg/kg Cd(II)), a TF < 1 indicates an ineffective metal transfer from root to shoot. Finally, rapeseed can be considered a tolerant plant and a suitable candidate for Pb(II) and Cd(II) accumulation and for the phytostabilization of contaminated soil under the experimental conditions adopted in the present study.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Fertilization management improves the yield and capsaicinoid content of chili peppers
(MDPI, 2021-02-23) Stan, Teodor; Munteanu, Neculai; Teliban, Gabriel-Ciprian; Cojocaru, Alexandru; Stoleru, Vasile
Chili, one of the most cultivated plants in the world, from the genus Capsicum sp., has great importance both in human nutrition and in the pharmaceutical industry. This study provides detailed information on the impact of chili crop fertilization on the production and accumulation of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. During the vegetation period, 235 kg∙ha−1 NPK (chemical—Ch), 270 kg∙ha−1 NPK (organic—O) and 250 kg∙ha−1 NPK (mixed—Ch + O) fertilizers were applied on six varieties of chili pepper (De Cayenne, Traian 2, Turkish, Sigaretta di Bergamo, Jovial and Chorbadjiiski); all versions were compared with the control (Ct). The determination of capsaicinoid compounds from chili pepper samples was done using high‐performance liquid chromatography, HPLC‐UV/VIS. The chili pepper plants reacted differently according to the fertilizers used, both in terms of the production and accumulation of capsaicinoids. The highest production was obtained for the case of mixed treatments in all cultivars, with the highest production being found for Sigaretta di Bergamo (40.61 t∙ha−1). The capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content was influenced by both the type of fertilizer used and the variety of chili pepper. The accumulation of capsaicinoids in the chili fruits was found to be dependent on cultivar and fertilization management; higher amounts of capsaicinoids were found to accumulate in the fruits of the Chorbadjiiski variety treated with chemicals (0.83 mg∙g−1 capsaicin and 0.53 mg∙g−1 dihydrocapsaicin) compared with the amounts found for untreated De Cayenne (0.52 mg∙g−1 capsaicin and 0.33 mg∙g−1 dihydrocapsaicin).
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The effect of myco‐biocontrol based formulates on yield, physiology and secondary products of organically grown basil
(MDPI, 2021-02-23) Teliban, Gabriel-Ciprian; Burducea, Marian; Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Dincheva, Ivayla; Badjakov, Ilian; Munteanu, Neculai; Mihalache, Gabriela; Cojocaru, Alexandru; Popa, Lorena-Diana; Stoleru, Vasile
The development of organic farming as a result of increasing consumer preference for organic food has led to the development and registration of new pest‐control products for certified organic production. In this study, the effects of three biocontrol products containing spores and mycelium of Arthrobotrys oligospora—Artis®, Beauveria bassiana—Bora®, and Coniothyrium minitans— Öko‐ni® were tested on four basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars: ‘Aromat de Buzau’, ‘Serafim’, ‘Macedon’ and ‘Cuisoare’. The application of Öko‐ni® increased basil yields by 8% relative to Control. The application of Bora® increased chlorophyll content of basil leaves by 2% and the activity of photosynthesis by 66% relative to the Control. Basil essential oil (EO) content was increased by 18% with the application of Artis® and by 34% with the application of Bora® and Öko‐ni®, respectively. The content of phenolic compounds analyzed by HPLC varied; caffeic acid concentration was higher in the plants treated with Öko‐ni®, hyperoside, isoquercitrin and rutin concentrations were higher in those treated with Artis®, while the quercitrin content was higher in Bora®‐treated plants. The two main EO constituents that were identified were linalool and methyl chavicol in ‘Aromat de Buzau’, linalool and eugenol in ‘Serafim’, neral and geranial in ‘Macedon’, also linalool and eugenol in ‘Cuisoare’. The investigated myco‐biocontrol products had positive effects on basil fresh biomass and EO content and also influenced the content of phenolic compounds.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Industrial processing affects product yield and quality of diced tomato
(MDPI, 2021-03-10) De Sio, Francesco; Rapacciuolo, Mariateresa; De Giorgi, Alessandro; Sandei, Luca; Giuliano, Bonaventura; Tallarita, Alessio; Golubkina, Nadezhda; Sekara, Agnieszka; Stoleru, Vasile; Cuciniello, Antonio; Morano, Giuseppe; Caruso, Gianluca
The tomato industry has been searching for new genotypes with improved fruit production, both in the field and industrially processed, together with high-quality performance under sustainable management conditions. This research was carried out in Southern Italy with the aim of assessing the effects of industrial processing on the yield and quality of four tomato hybrids grown according to organic farming methods and addressed at dicing. MAX 14111 and HMX 4228 showed the highest values of field and processing yield as well as reduced sugars and fructose. MAX 14111 had the highest values of total solids and soluble solids, titratable acidity, fiber, energetic value, polyphenols, and also rutin, though not significantly different from Impact. HMX 4228 performed best in terms of sugar ratio, color and naringenin. Concerning the diced products, the sensorial qualities of the four hybrids differed significantly. Total polyphenols, naringenin and rutin in the tomato fruits were higher in the processed than in the raw product. The appreciable fruit yield and quality resulting from both field and processing phase represent a promising perspective for identifying improved tomato genotypes addressed at dicing.

Browse

Recent Submissions