2017

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Oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction: implications in atherosclerosis. Note II.
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, 2017) Filip Ciubotaru, Florina-Mihaela; Manciuc, Carmen-Doina; Foia, Georgeta-Liliana; Brănișteanu, Daciana-Elena; Stoleriu, Gabriela
NADPH oxidase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase), with its generically termed NOX isoforms, is the major source of ROS (reactive oxigen species) in biological systems. The oxidant/ antioxidant imbalance in favor of oxidants in the vascular system generates ROS via activation of NADPH oxidase. ROS are small oxygen-derived molecules with an important role in various biological processes (physiological or pathological). Some processes are beneficial and necessary for life under physiological conditions, but they are noxious, harmful under pathophysiological conditions. NADPH oxidases are present in phagocytes and in a wide variety of nonphagocytic cells. The enzyme generates superoxide by transferring electrons from NADPH inside the cell across the membrane and coupling them to molecular oxygen to produce superoxide anion, a reactive free-radical. Structurally, NADPH oxidase is a multicomponent enzyme which includes two integral membrane proteins, glycoprotein gp91phox and adaptor protein p22phox, which together form the heterodimeric flavocytochrome b558 that constitutes the core of the enzyme. During the resting state, the multidomain regulatory subunits p40phox, p47phox, p67phox are located in the cytosol organized as a complex. The activation of phagocytic NADPH oxidase occurs through a complex series of protein interactions. The increased production of free radicals under pathophysiological conditions is an integral part of the production of cardiovascular diseases and in particular of atherosclerosis. At the onset and progression of atherosclerosis, various non-traditional intercorrelated risk factors contribute such as oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role not only in the formation but also in the evolution and destabilization of lesions. Oxidative stress is closely linked to endothelial damage. Endothelium modulates vascular tone by releasing specific vasoactive substances. At the onset and progression of atherosclerosis contributes to decreasing the bioavailability of NO (nitric oxide) or EDRF (endothelium-derived relaxing factor) with an important role in conserving vasodilation and inhibiting vasoconstriction. Clinical and paraclinical investigations show that inflammatory reactions operate at all stages of atherosclerotic events. According to the theory of oxidative stress, atherosclerosis is also the result of the particularly oxidative changes of LDL (low density lipoproteins) in the arterial wall. Excess ROS can produce peroxinitrite with NO, the cytotoxic oxidant important mediator of LDL oxidation with proaterogenic action.
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Facial regeneration: current status and perspectives
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Stoleriu, Gabriela; Voicu, Cătălina-Maria; Brănișteanu, Daciana-Elena; Manolache, Nicuța; Anghel, Lucreția; Filip Ciubotaru, Florina-Mihaela; Lupu, Vasile-Valeriu
Skin aging is a complex biological processes influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors. The primary aim of all skin anti-aging strategies is to reverse the dermal and epidermal signs of photoaging and chronological aging. Healthy and normal functioning skin barrier is an important protector against dehydration, penetration of various microorganisms, allergens, irritants, reactive oxygen species and radiation. The skin barrier may be specifically adjusted to allow penetration of desired substances.Regenerative medicine is the science of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal form and function. It uses cells, tissues, drugs, synthetic biomaterials and devices to help patients heal or regeneration. The reason of different methods of skin regeneration is to increase skin regeneration, elasticity, smoothness, density, macroscopic and microscopic aspect, changing the skin condition. It is necessary to slow down ageing processes on a cellular level concomitantly. We can provide to the skin primary structural constituents, such as collagen, elastin, to prevent the formation of wrinkles, but some products and techniques do promote the natural synthesis of these substances except elastin enhancing. Simultaneously it is necessary to prevent wrinkle formation by reduction of inflammation (topical or systemic antioxidants) in combination with sunscreens and retinoids to enhance their protective effects. An important attention must be accorded to Transforming Growth Factor- β family, other TGF-β-based approaches (Decorin and Mannose 6 Phosphate), modulation of Smad3/Smad7 Signaling, Epidermal Growth Factor family, Fibroblast Growth Factor family, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor family, Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor, Connective Tissue Growth Factor, Interleukin 10, Connexins, other approaches under investigation for scar reduction, collagen, fibronectin, laminin, elastin, glycosaminoglycans and other natural biomaterials. Regenerative Aesthetic Dermatology is focused on innovative treatments to support the skin in restoring and regenerating old and/or damaged tissue and thus improving overall skin quality, promoting faster healing while minimizing downtime and side effects for patients. The onset of effects could be instantly after procedure or can be observed gradually increasing over the time (weeks or monthes), as we are determining the skin to help itself. The regenerative treatments are encouraging the skin to build more collagen and elastin itself by bio-stimulation: resurfacing the epidermis (topical drug application, ablative LASERs, Laser radiofrequency resurfacing, ablative radiofrequency, microneedling, plasma skin resurfacing, crystal-free microdermabrasion), the formation of new collagen (IPL, Lasers, radiofrequency, infrared, Jett Plasma Medical, medical needling, mesotherapy, platelet-rich plasma, fillers as hyaluronic acid, HydraFacial MD, Oxygen facial, chemical peels, hormone replacement therapy, autologous and allogeneic stem cells, gene therapy), slow down the visible aging process by helping in the management of certain dynamic facial lines and wrinkles (Botulinum toxin). 518 Resurfacing the skin could be considered as a cancer prophylaxis and aesthetic dermatology is contributing to slowly, healthy, gracefully aging.
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Hhistological aspects of thymus in japonese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) from one to 180 days of age
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, 2017) Popovici, Ivona; Petrovici, Adriana; Solcan, Carmen
Thymus, described from antiquity, has long time been considered a mysterious organ because its role in the body was unknown. The first microscopic description of the thymus belongs to Hassal, and in the first half of the 20th century the thymectomy was performed to treat "myasthenia gravis." In 1962, the role of thymusin the production of T-lymphocytes which are responsible for the cell mediated immunitywas revealed. Bird's thymus represents 2% of the body weight at hatching and continues to develop until the time of sexual maturity. Coturnix japonica is a species used in the laboratory as an experimental animal, and it is economically important because of the nutritional value of the eggs which are recommended to be consumed in various diseases. The japonese quail reaches sexual maturity at the age of 7 weeks when signs of thymic involution should be observed. The present study aimed to describe some histological particular features of thymus in the japonese quail. In the study, 25 quail wereeuthanized at the age of 1, 7, 15, 24 and 60 days for thymus prelevation. The fragments were prepared by paraffin embeding and stained HEA, Giemsa and PAS. This has highlighted some of the particularities of this species. In most species thymus regresses under physiological conditions due to sex hormones action at puberty. The histological aspects obtained in this study demonstrated that in this species the thymus involution was not present even in the individuals sacrificed at the age of 6 months. The dimensions of the cortical and medullary areas of the thymus at 24 and 60 days wereapproximately constant.
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Histological structure of the testis in adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Petrovici, Adriana; Popovici, Ivona; Solcan, Carmen
The reproductive system in Zebra fish is intensely analyzed in research, especially in toxicological studies. Therefore, thorough knowledge about normal histology is vital. In our study we have examined 30 adult Zebra fish females with the aim of description the normal morphology and oocytes stages of development. For the gonads examination, histological samples were realized by cutting the fish in cross section or longitudinal section. Samples were fixed in Bouin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5μm, H&E stained and examined at light microscope Olympus CX41. Oocytes in different stages of development were differentiated, measuredand main structures were noted. Primary oocytes were mainly disposed in clusters, had small diameter, intense basophil cytoplasm, big nucleus and multiple nucleoli, whilst the cortical alveoli oocytes had larger diameter, germinative vesicle highly irregular, with pleiomorphic and multiple nucleoli and mainly the formation of cortical alveoli with different forms and sizes. In the vitellogenic stage, the oocytes accumulate vitellogenin, a yolk-precursor protein, by endocytosis in membrane limited yolk bodies. The maturation stage of oocytes includes the fusion of the yolk bodies, the nucleus migration toward the oocyte periphery and nuclear envelope breaks down.
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Histological structure of the ovary in adult Zebra fish
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, 2017) Petrovici, Adriana; Popovici, Ivona; Solcan, Carmen
The reproductive system in Zebra fish is intensely analyzed in research, especially in toxicological studies. Therefore, thorough knowledge about normal histology is vital. In our study we have examined 30 adult Zebra fish females with the aim of description the normal morphology and oocytes stages of development. For the gonads examination, histological samples were realized by cutting the fish in cross section or longitudinal section. Samples were fixed in Bouin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5μm, H&E stained and examined at light microscope Olympus CX41. Oocytes in different stages of development were differentiated, measuredand main structures were noted. Primary oocytes were mainly disposed in clusters, had small diameter, intense basophil cytoplasm, big nucleus and multiple nucleoli, whilst the cortical alveoli oocytes had larger diameter, germinative vesicle highly irregular, with pleiomorphic and multiple nucleoli and mainly the formation of cortical alveoli with different forms and sizes. In the vitellogenic stage, the oocytes accumulate vitellogenin, a yolk-precursor protein, by endocytosis in membrane limited yolk bodies. The maturation stage of oocytes includes the fusion of the yolk bodies, the nucleus migration toward the oocyte periphery and nuclear envelope breaks down.
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The neurotoxic effect of deoxynivalenol in chronic intoxication of chickens
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Solcan, Carmen; Petrovici, Adriana; Popovici, Ivona
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by species of the Fusarium spp. that infects cereals such as corn, wheat, oats, barley, rice etc. stored in improper conditions. DON has a cytotoxic effect, affecting animal and human health, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, and fever. Fourty ROS 308 broiler chikens were subchronic intoxicated with DON in order to observe histological changes in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Following the histological examination, the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum of the experimental lot showed a variable spongy appearance, abnormal aspect neurons, with highly acidophilic, granular, vacuolized cytoplasm and pycnotic nuclei. Also, in neurons from the cerebral cortex, loss of shape and loss of the layers arrangement was observed. These changes explain the altered clinical status of chickens from experimental group throughout the experiment.
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Review of goat breeding and herds health status in Romania Évaluation de l'état de santé de troupeaux des chèvres en Roumanie
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, 2017) Savuța, Gheorghe; Mihai, Iuliana; Crivei, Ioana-Cristina; Aniță, Adriana-Elena
The interest in goat breeding in Romania is growing, our country ranked fourth in Europe, following countries with tradition in the field, such as United Kingdom, Spain and Greece. The goat population grew from 971830 animals in 2006 to 2057309 in 2017. As breeds, the most common are Carpathian and White Banat native goats, followed by French Alpine and Saanen, imported lately to improve milk production. To date, in Romanian literature had been reported researches on goat livestock development, optimization of breeding technologies, genetic improvement of milk production in Carpathian breed, evaluation of physical and chemical parameters of milk and meat, evaluation of goats reproductive function, etc. On the subject of diseases and health problems in goats, there are studies on white muscular disease, paratuberculosis, contagious ecthyma, infectious respiratory disorders, gangrenous mastitis, contagious agalactia, bluetongue, caprine arthritis and encephalitis, and parasitic infections as coccidiosis, tapeworm (Monezia, Cestoda) and round worms (Nematode - Trichostrongylus sp.) infestation, etc. The aspects of health problems in goat livestock, diagnosed and published during the last years, are few and constantly changing, unsystematic and insufficient, even though in Romania there is a national surveillance and control program for goat health status.
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Forensic aspects in animal abuse/cruelty: negative behaviors of humans towards the livestock
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Lazăr, Mircea; Pașca, Aurelian-Sorin; Hlihor, Dumitrița; Ivanciu, Nicolaie
Abuses (cruelty) are instances of inappropriate treatment of animals by careers or persons interacting with the animal as part of the production process, such as before sacrifice or during shearing. These circumstances are then generalized on a large scale, leading to the spread of this behavior and posing a serious risk to animal welfare. It is important to establish the prevalence of behaviors, the reasons for the occurrence and the appropriate responses from livestock communities. These issues need to be taken into account in the context in which we have a moral duty towards the animals we care for and provide us with consumer goods. In general, the idea is to use animals for the company, food or clothing, an idea embraced even by many who do not consume meat but buy meat products for feeding their pets. Animals that provide these resources are dependent on people for food and shelter throughout their lives. Therefore, we have a duty to care for those animals that depend on us. In our research, the prevalence of deliberate maltreatment of animals in the county of Iasi was monitored. This does not mean that there were no occasions when an individual harmed the animal due to a certain set of circumstances, such as the animal's response to orders or because the person is upset about other reasons or is not feeling well. Cases of animal abuse are numerous, from precarious housing, to starvation, beating and even slaughter in barbaric conditions. Under existing laws (Law 205/2004 modified and republished in 2017) on animal welfare, a person commits the offense of cruelty to animals when the person causes death or unjustifiable physical pain or suffering to any animal by an act, an omission, or willful neglect.
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Observations regarding in vitro hatching of Raillietina spp. (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) onchosphere
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, 2017) Roman, Constantin; Ciucă, Lavinia; Mardare Mîndru, Raluca; Lupu, Andrei-Cristian; Cîmpan, Andrei-Alexandru; Ivănescu, Maria-Larisa; Iacob, Olimpia; Acatrinei, Dumitru-Mihai; Miron, Liviu-Dan
The study has been realised in May 2016 having as purpose the observation of the onchosphere hatching process. The eggs of Raillietina spp. were aquired from feces belonging to Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) that was naturaly infested. Initally, the samples were examined from a parasitological point of view using the Willis method. The egg concentrate has been obtained using the protocol described by VOGE and all. (1961) with some adjustments. The egg suspension was incubated at 30 oC for an hour. The hatching process of the oncosphere has been observed on the slide with the optical microscope (Motic B series) fitted with a Moticam 1000 camera, using the x400 magnification. Measuring has been realised with Motic Images Plus 2.0 software. The temperature of the slide in the moment of examination was 32oC. The whole hatching proces lasted 5 hours and went through the following stages: after half an hour the hexachant embryo has broken the basal membrane and entered the vitelline layer, the onchosphere was vigorously pushing and scraping the granular structure belonging to the vitelline layer, then the vitelline membrane and the egg shell was perforated after four and a half hours, thus completing the actual hatching process. After hatching, the onchosphere engaged in a series of swim-like motions in the liquid mass.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
West Nile virus infections in Romania after the 2010 outbreak - a retrospective study in human and animal population
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Crivei, Luciana-Alexandra; Anton Rățoi, Ioana-Alexandra; Aniță, Adriana-Elena; Savuța, Gheorghe; Ludu Oșlobanu, Luanda-Elena
In this study the authors have made a retrospective analysis of West Nile virus infection in human and animals after 2010. Few studies have dealt with this arbovirosis in the last years and there is no analysis to correlate the evolution in animals and humans. To date it is considered that the largest outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis from Europe was registered in 1996 in Romania. Cases of encephalitis with WNV have been reported in our country before first in 1955 in Transylvania, followed by an outbreak in 1964 in Banat. The outbreak from 1996, ended with over 390 confirmed cases of encephalitis in humans the majority being registered in Bucharest and in the southern area of Romania. The epidemiological situation, after the implementation of a surveillance system for WNV in humans until 2010, was characterized by sporadic cases, WNV being reported yearly, except 2002. The infections were reported mostly in the south and south eastern area of the country. The age distribution in human cases recorded a majority in the group age over 65 years due to the senescence of the immune system and the associated diseases. The gender ratio was dominant for men, considering the occupational factor. In 2010 the second large outbreak of WNV was recorded and 47 confirmed cases of WNV infection were registered. After 2010, WNV encephalitis was recorded yearly and the area of detection was confined to eastern area and slowly to the to the whole country. Human cases were registered yearly in areas where the virus was detected in animals by serological screening. Considering the analyzed data, we can state that the main feature of WNV infection is the continuous virus spreading over the territory both in humans and animals. This can be determined by the climatic changes, that allow the surviving and multiplication of the competent vectors in new areas and maybe of the changes in the migratory routes of the birds- main amplifying hosts. Unfortunately, no statistical correlation between human and animal cases could be made. We can state that WNV is continuing to represent a threat for public health and more in depth research has to be made in order to characterize the evolution of the infection in our country and the causes of its endemisation.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Molecular detection of hepatitis E virus in wild boars from Botoșani County
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, 2017) Aniță, Adriana-Elena; Aniță, Dragoș-Constantin; Porea, Daniela; Anton Rățoi, Ioana-Alexandra; Savuța, Gheorghe
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections occur in both humans and animals worldwide. The domestic swine and wild boars (Sus scrofa) are known as important reservoirs of HEV, zoonotic hepatitis E infections of foodborne origin being linked to consumption of pig, wild boar and deer raw or undercooked meat or undercooked products. The aim of the study was to highlight the presence of HEV in wild boars using molecular biology methods. During hunting season 2015-2016 were collected blood and faecal samples from 22 wild boars from Suharău hunting fund in Botoșani County. Using degenerate primers, HEV RNA was detected by nested reverse transcriptase PCR in all wild boar faecal samples. The blood (EDTA whole blood) samples tested were negative for hepatitis E virus RNA. Our results indicate that wild boars are a possible source of infection for pigs and human population in Botoșani County.
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Detection of BHV-1 antibodies in bovine raised in rural households from Iași County
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Aniță, Dragoș-Constantin; Răileanu, Cristian; Ludu Oșlobanu, Luanda-Elena; Crivei, Luciana-Alexandra; Savuța, Gheorghe; Aniță, Adriana-Elena
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis / infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) is a significant disease among domestic and wild cattle. IBR/IPV is caused by Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) that is capable of attacking many different tissues in the body leading to a variety of clinical diseases. The virus can persist in clinically recovered animals for years, remaining inactive until the animal is placed under stress. Investigations were undertaken during 2015-2016 on bovine raised in rural households in Miroslovești and Ciohorăni commune from Iași County. Individual serum samples from 305 cattle were tested for detection of BHV-1 antibodies using an ELISA commercial kit (IDEXX IBR Ab). The results showed that overall seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) was 63.6% in tested cattle. These data underline the fact that in household reared cattle are several animals with BHV-1 lifelong latent infection.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Strangulation obstruction of the small intestine in horse
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, 2017) Anton, Alina; Solcan, Gheorghe
Equine colic is a relatively common disorder of the digestive system and should be treated as an emergency. A twist in the small intestine of a horse cause the blood supply to be cut off, resulting in necrotic tissue. The aim of the study was to describe associations between prognostic indicators and diagnoses in equine colic caused by strangulation obstruction of the small intestine. Signs of abdominal pain included: agitation, excessive sweating, flank watching, pawing, frequent lying down, kicking at the abdomen, rolling, tachycardia, absence gut sounds, presence tympanic sounds, abdominal distension, lack of defecation, playing in the water bucket but not drinking and abnormalities at rectal examination. Flunixin meglumine and xylazine were used in every colic case to help control the abdominal pain. Volvulus/torsion of the small intestine resulted in severe pain was difficult to relieve with analgesics. A nasogastric tube was used to relieve the amount of gas pressure in the gut, giving gas and fluids an avenue to travel away from the gut. IV fluids were necessary for dehydrated or in shock horses. Progressive pain with poor response to medical intervention, lack of fever and serosanguineous peritoneal fluid were clinical features that helped distinguish strangulating lesions of the small intestine from simple obstructions and enteritis. Finally horses were euthanized due to grave or poor prognosis. Strangulating obstruction of the small intestine is one of the most lethal forms of equine colic. Minimization of colic episodes depends on management factors, including feeding large quantities of forage, minimizing the amount of concentrate fed and ensuring adequate parasite control.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Kids goiter: case study
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Mihai, Iuliana; Pasat Tipișcă, Marinela; Ursachi, Gabriela; Tanase, Irina-Oana; Velescu, Elena
Goiter, an iodine deficiency disorder is characterized by enlargement of the thyroid glands. Goiter in neonate occurs when pregnant goats have a low iodine intake or ingest goitrogens. In this paper is noticed an outbreak of goiter in the kids. Kids came from a herd of 30 primitive Anglo Nubian goats, abortion in the last month pregnancy were recorded in 6 goats, 14 goats delivered stillborn kids and six goats delivered 12 live born kids, but 8 of them died within 12 to 72 hours after birth. Clinical, hematological, biochemical and imaging exams were performed at the newborn kids. Following the bacteriological examination for Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Campylobacter spp., no pathogenic germs were found that cause bacterial abortion in goats. Histopathological examination of thyroid tissue is characterized by hyperplasia of follicular elements as well as of interphilicular connective tissue, intensifying the secretory activity of epithelial cells and accumulation of a considerable amount of colloid. All of the examination confirmed the diagnosis of goiter. To reduce the economical wastage, through therapeutically expenses and animal death rate, we advise all experts, that they must administrate that in the last gestation period supplementation of iodized salt ration and avoiding goitrogens feed.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Infestation of amfibians from Pelophylax Esculenta (Amphibia) complex with the trematode species Codoncephalus Urniger (Strigeida) in Central Codrii in the Republic of Moldova
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, 2017) Gherasim, Elena; Erhan, Dumitru
The paper presents data on amphibians’ trematodes infestation from Pelophylax esculenta complex (Amphibia, Anura) in natural and anthropized ecosystems of Central Codri forest from the Republic of Moldova. The helminthological researches of amphibians were accomplished for the first time in the Republic of Moldova. As result, the infestation of Pelophylax complex species (Pelophylax ridibundus, P. lessonae, P. esculentus) with trematodes from family Diplostomidae (Codonocephalus urniger, Rudolphi, 1918 was established. For each species there were established: taxonomic status, including synonyms, the hosts, the location in organs, the geographic spreading, etiology and biologic cycle. There are also mentioned the amount of collected material, the morphologic description of the species, original figures and pictures, the level of infestation depending on age, sex and ecosystem.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The functional status, resistance and adaptive capacities of the calves being affected by combined stressors during their early postnatal onthogenesis
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Erhan, Dumitru; Pavaliuc, Petru; Rusu, Ștefan; Buza, Vasile; Chihai, Oleg; Zamornea, Maria; Gherasim, Elena; Anghel, Tudor
The experimental studies revealed and analyzed the dynamics, protein and saline metabolism, resistance to stress factors and adaptive capacities (total proteins and protein fractions, urea, macro elements Ca, P, Na, K, content of glucose, bactericide activity, cortisol concentration) of calves in their early postnatal ontogenesis under the combined influence of stresogen thermal maintenance factor, noise and parasitic factors. There were established that the fluctuations of the researched physiological parameters have the phasic character. The tested indices, in major cases were quantitatively lower in the group of animals affected by the combined stressor factors. Two ascends in changing of the indices have been observed: at the 7-8-th and at the 25-30-th days at birth that coincided with critical development periods: immunodeficiency, depression of the stresogen reaction, depression of dominance and retardation. The positive effect has been registered also upon stress resistance and adaptation capacities of the organism.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Epidemiology of echinococcosis and changes in some chimical indicies of muscular tissue and liver of cattle in the Republic of Moldova
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, 2017) Erhan, Dumitru; Rusu, Ștefan; Chihai, Oleg; Zamornea, Maria; Gherasim, Elena; Anghel, Tudor; Buza, Vasile
The study of the parasitological invasions with Echinococcus granulosus in about 8000 cattle have been carried out in different time periods (1986-1987, 2014-2015) in private farms, family household and specialized in milk and beef production farming sectors from the Republic of Moldova. The results of the parasitological research carried out in 1986-1987 have revealed the 33.6% incidence of echinococcosis in adult cattle from farming sectors, 60.6% incidence in farms and 76.5% in cattle from family household (mean 56.9%); the incidence related to bull-calves population (of 23-25 months old) were 8.3%, 17.7% and 21.1% correspondingly (mean 15.7%). In the period 2014-2015, after the restructuring carried out in the livestock, the results show that adult cattle from farms were infested at 74.6%, in individual sector - in 83.7% of cases (mean 79.2%) and young cattle (23-25 months old) - in 31.2% and 37.4% cases correspondingly (mean 34.3%). Compared to 1986-1987 the level of infestation of adult bovines increased, in average, with 22.3% and of young cattle with 18.6% which prove the existence of various outbreaks of parasitic agents (definitive hosts) and lack or irregular conducting of dehelmentization. It was determined that the infested with echinococcosis cattle produce less meat and eatable by-products. Moreover, the content of some vitamins (A, E, B1, B2, C), micro-, macroelements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, P), chemical indicies (humidity, dry solid matter, proteins, fat, mineral saults) in muscular and liver tussues proved to be considerably changed influencing considerably the animal products’ nutrition value.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Protocol of polyovulation to donor buffaloes (Romanian Buffaloes)
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Ciornei, Ștefan-Gregore; Drugociu, Dan-Gheorghe; Roșca, Petru; Ghineț Ciornei, Liliana-Margareta
Buffalo has a significant role in the agricultural economy of many developing countries by providing milk, meat and draught power. The breeding season for Romanian Buffaloes in the major buffalo rearing countries appear to extend from September to March. Compared to cattle, buffaloes exhibit delayed puberty in both males and females, poor estrus expression in a greater proportion of females. The main problem affecting the productivity of buffaloes is the long calving interval due to delayed postpartum estrus and delayed puberty. This is due to the difficulty in detecting estrus in this species on account of poor signs of estrus, such as silent heat, quiet ovulation or subestrus. Polyovulation is an important step in embryo transfer biotechnology. Over the years, techniques associated with embryo transfer have had many uses, especially in research. The widespread use of this technology in animal breeding schemes, however, is relatively recent. Successful embryo transfer requires manipulation of oestrus and ovulation of the donor and synchronization of these events with those of the recipients. A brief review of the physiological and endocrinological aspects of the oestrous cycle will contribute to more effective use of gonadotrophins (FSH-P or PMSG) for superovulation. Polyovulation research has been applied to a 6-year, clinically healthy and sexually-known donor buffalo. On the 11th day of the sexual cycle, the superovulation protocol was applied. PMSG was used in the 2500 IU dose. At the onset of oestrus, a number of 8 pre-ovulatory follicles have been identified. The monitoring of follicular evolution until ovulation was performed ultrasonographically. Of the 8 follicles increased 3 developed on the left ovary and 5 on the right ovary. After 7 days of ovulation have been identified six corpora lutea (2 ovary left and 4 right).
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Microbiological quality of chicken meat: Campylobacter relevant public health problem
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, 2017) Crețu, Carmen; Horhogea, Cristina-Elena; Rîmbu, Cristina-Mihaela; Tanase, Irina-Oana; Bondoc, Ionel
Campylobacter is undoubtedly an important public health problem that European legislation (Directive 2003/99 / EEC) establishes as zoonotic agent to be monitored, with mandatory notification of the number of isolates, registration of cases, and the provision of information to Member States. However, despite its high prevalence, so far they have not established measures for its reduction or the obligation to implement control plans. Unlike Salmonella, which, most likely, thanks to community prevalence reduction targets and national control plans, still, for years, a marked downward trend in the number of cases in the EU. Consumption of contaminated chicken meat, mainly by Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human campylobacteriosis in Europe, so it EFSA considered necessary to establish measures to reduce Campylobacter in chicken flocks. According to the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA), a real incidence of 9 million annual cases of campylobacteriosis in the EU is estimated. The average prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler flocks at Community level is 71.2%, with 75% in the case of Romania, it is therefore a major problem. A lot of birds that come to slaughter excrete the bacteria in their feces and is very difficult to prevent, during processing, contamination of carcasses and abattoir equipment occurs. Therefore it is important to reduce the bacterial load in birds before arrival at the slaughterhouse. As the reports of the EFSA and the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), based on the results of monitoring activities of zoonoses (diseases transmitted naturally from vertebrate animals to man diseases), carried conducted in 2015 in 32 European countries (28 Member States and four non-Member States), campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported zoonosis. In view of this trend, the European Union is preparing a draft regulation that will come to amend the current legislation for the control of Campylobacter. Those rules shall establish a process hygiene criterion for Campylobacter in broiler channels to control possible contamination with this bacteria during the slaughter stage. This draft European regulation also establishes a contamination value above which corrective action is required to maintain hygiene, according to food legislation (20% of chicken carcasses with a level of Campylobacter ≥ 1000 cfu / g, for 2025). The European Commission considers that this approach should be implemented gradually and tighter over time.
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The quality of life after a major surgical intervention: mandibulectomy
(”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Șindilar, Eusebiu-Viorel; Pașca, Aurelian-Sorin; Busuioc, Diana-Alexandra
The tumours localised on the mandibular bone are one of the patologies with a serious prognosis, difficult to approach for the veterinary cliniciens and to accept by the owners. The treatment of choice for most of the cases is the surgical one. The surgical technique varies depending on the portion that has to be removed. For the cliniciens, this intervention represents a challenge requiring solid knowledge of anatomy and possession of a numerous and diverse instruments. For the owners, the decision to choose the surgical solution is difficult to make, the main threats being the change of the animal´s facial aspect after the intervention and the fear that their quality of life will be affected. However, the results are the most time satisfactorily: the pacients not only live for many years after, but they get used very fast to make the prehention of food and to swallow, living a normal life. The only aspect that cannot be controlled is the risk of a recurrence.

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