2025

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.iuls.ro/handle/20.500.12811/5936

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listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The most important helminths infection of pigs in extensive breeding
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Pavlović, Ivan; Bojkovski, Jovan; Tasić, Aleksandra; Dobrosavljević, Ivan; Stokic Nikolic, Slavonka; Aniță, Dragoș-Constantin; Aniță, Adriana-Elena; Karapetkovska Hristova, Vesna; Relić, Renata
Parasitic infections are constant companions of pig production, regardless of the method of breeding. They are equally found in farm and extensive rearing in all production and age categories of animals.Extensive pig breeding has a long tradition. Although this kind of behavior provides pigs with a much more comfortable life than farming (after all, organic production was developed on its principle), it also has many negative consequences for their health. Pigs are exposed to the risk of outbreaks of infectious and parasitic diseases that can cause large losses in production. Extensive and semi-extensive breeding means that pigs have direct contact with a multitude of transitional hosts of parasites, they are in contact with wild swine, and there is also frequent contamination of the area where they are discharged with the excrement of wild animals. Parasitic infections, along with other infectious diseases, are extremely common in this way of breeding. Infection is most often with biohelminths (Metastrongylus sp, causative agents of verminous gastritis, Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus) and zoonotic parasites to which pigs are transitional (Trichinella spiralis, Taenia solium, Ascaris ssum) or parent hosts (Alaria alata). There are also species that are equally present in extensive and farm farming, such as e.g. Trichuris suis, Oesophagostomum sp. or Strongyloideus ransomi.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Advanced in vivo optical imaging, IVIS spectrum technology and its applications in preclinical and veterinary research
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Aniță, Dragoș-Constantin; Aniță, Adriana-Elena
The IVIS Spectrum (PerkinElmer) represents a benchmark platform for non-invasive, quantitative optical imaging in small-animal models and has become an essential tool in translational biomedical and veterinary research. By integrating ultrasensitive bioluminescence and fluorescence detection with advanced spectral unmixing and threedimensional tomographic reconstruction, the system enables longitudinal, in vivo monitoring of molecular and cellular processes with high spatial and temporal resolution. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the physical principles underlying IVIS Spectrum technology, critically evaluates its major applications in oncology, infectious diseases, inflammation, and regenerative medicine, and discusses its contribution to the implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) in animal experimentation. Particular emphasis is placed on the operational use of the IVIS Spectrum system at the ROVETEMERG Research facility, highlighting its role in complex oncology and infectious disease models relevant to veterinary medicine and the One Health paradigm.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Bacteriophages in veterinary medicine: a review of therapeutic applications, evolutionary dynamics, and translational challenges
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Aniță, Dragoș-Constantin; Aniță, Adriana-Elena
The accelerating global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has intensified the need for novel antimicrobial strategies in both human and veterinary medicine. Bacteriophage therapy (BT), which utilizes lytic viruses that selectively target bacterial pathogens, is re-emerging as a biologically precise and ecologically compatible alternative to antibiotics. This review synthesizes current knowledge on phage biology, host-pathogen evolutionary dynamics, and veterinary applications across livestock, poultry, companion animals, and aquaculture. It further examines molecular innovations such as engineered phages, phage-derived enzymes (endolysins, depolymerases), and CRISPR-assisted genome editing. Documented experimental and clinical evidence, including recent case reports and trials, demonstrates significant phage activity against critical pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus/pseudintermedius, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Despite striking therapeutic potential, challenges persist, including the emergence of phage-resistant bacterial variants, complex regulatory constraints, variability in delivery systems, and the need for standardized manufacturing. Addressing these limitations through robust experimental design, enhanced regulatory frameworks (including magistral preparation models), and integration of advanced phage engineering tools will be critical for the full translational implementation of phage therapy under the One Health framework.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Adaptation of biostatistical methods for cross-sectional or longitudinal experimental protocols
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Cojocariu, Laurian-Cristian; Petrovici, Adriana; Ilie, Ovidiu-Dumitru; Aniță, Adriana-Elena; Aniță, Dragoș-Constantin; Savuța, Gheorghe; Radu Rusu, Răzvan-Mihail
In recent years, biostatistics has emerged as an indispensable tool in biomedical research, playing a very important role in the design, analysis, and interpretation of data from biological and medical studies. Biostatistics encompasses a diverse range of statistical methodologies adapted to address the unique challenges presented by complex biological systems. This paper aims to explore and contribute to the further development of biostatistics by deepening into the difference between statistical analysis tests. The general purpose of this paper is to compare different tests for the analysis of the differences between the means of the control group and the experimental groups, in order to identify the optimal biostatistical test, correlated with the study and typology of the collected data. To perform these statistical tests and subsequently compare them, data were collected from a total of 60 BALB/c mice divided into 3 groups with equal numbers of individuals (one control group and two experimental groups) in whose food was introduced monosodium glutamate at different concentrations.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stasis syndrome in rabbits
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Anton, Alina; Crespi, Maëlle
Gastrointestinal stasis syndrome in rabbits is a functional ileus characterized by a reduction or complete cessation of gastrointestinal motility. The prominence of certain breeds from our study reflects their popularity as pets rather than a specific predisposition to gastrointestinal stasis. The presence of molting in nearly 40% of cases supports the hypothesis that fur ingestion may exacerbate the risk of stasis. The most commonly reported clinical signs included reduced appetite or complete anorexia in 88.4%, lethargy 67.4%, absence of fecal output 61.6% and abnormal behavior (hiding or unusual postures) in 55.8% of cases. Radiographs revealing severe gastric dilation with ingesta-filled stomach in rabbits that has been anorexic for several days were suggestive for gastrointestinal stasis syndrome. Treatment was tailored to each patient and adjusted as the condition progresses, integrating fluid therapy, pain management, nutritional support, and prokinetic agents based on the rabbit clinical response.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Use of piperacillin/tazobactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in dog and cats
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Çolak, Ertuğrul Furkan; Or, Mehmet Erman
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), although rarely encountered as a pathogen in healthy animals, can cause severe infections in immunocompromised animals, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Due to the natural resistance mechanisms possessed by this bacterium, its susceptibility to many antibiotics is reduced, and during treatment it can also develop resistance to antibiotics to which it was initially susceptible. In infections caused by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, combination antibiotic therapies are recommended to increase treatment success and to prevent or reduce the development of resistance. Piperacillin/tazobactam, a penicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination, exhibits high in vitro efficacy against P. aeruginosa due to its resilience against beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of piperacillin/tazobactam in P. aeruginosa infections.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Traumatic injuries in European roe deer: clinical and radiographic insights from a four-year study
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Irimescu, Codrin; Lucaci, Felix-Daniel; Patrichi, Teodora-Sonia; Purdoiu, Robert-Cristian; Peștean, Petru-Cosmin; Mârza, Sorin-Marian; Papuc, Ionel; Tătaru, Mariana; Lăcătuș, Radu
This retrospective study investigated traumatic injuries in nine European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) admitted to the Emergency Unit of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, from 2021 to 2025. Clinical and radiographic evaluations, utilizing the Synthesis Opera G800 DR x-ray system under sedation (butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg, medetomidine 8–10 μg/kg, ketamine 2 mg/kg), revealed a spectrum of skeletal and soft tissue injuries, primarily resulting from vehicle collisions and predatory attacks. Findings included transverse, spiral, and comminuted fractures, as well as soft tissue complications such as edema, hematomas, and pneumothorax. Only one case was amenable to surgical intervention, highlighting the challenges of managing severe trauma in wild ungulates. Radiographic imaging proved critical for accurate diagnosis, underscoring its value in wildlife veterinary medicine. These results emphasize the need for advanced diagnostic protocols and preventive strategies to mitigate the ecological and clinical impacts of traumatic injuries in roe deer populations.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Clinical and pathological aspects, diagnosis, prophylaxis and control in porcine circovirus type 3 infection in newborn, weaned, or fattening piglets – a literature review
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Lupu, Tudorel; Hrițcu, Ozana-Maria; Pașca, Aurelian-Sorin
PCV-3 infection causes a wide variety of clinical signs in affected pigs, ranging from dermato-nephrotic syndrome, similar to that caused by PCV2, to reproductive, digestive, and nervous disorders and mortality in piglets. Researchers investigating this virus have observed that these manifestations can be caused or aggravated by association with other viral or bacterial pathogens.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Etiology, epidemiology and pathogenesis in porcine circovirus type 3 infection in newborn, weaned, or fattening piglets – a literature review
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Lupu, Tudorel; Hrițcu, Ozana-Maria; Pașca, Aurelian-Sorin
In order to treat, combat, and prevent any disease, an essential step is to identify the causative agent. PCV-3 is a porcine circovirus that was identified and characterized relatively recently, in 2016. It has since been identified in numerous countries around the world, in pig herds, in both sick and healthy animals, as well as in wild pigs and even other animal species.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Mitochondrial stress in coronavirus infections
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Popovici, Ivona; Cozma, Andreea-Paula; Solcan, Carmen
Cellular injury induced by coronaviruses use mitochondria as central targets and regulators. SARS-CoV-2 and related betacoronaviruses disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis through multiple mechanisms, including direct localization of viral proteins to mitochondria, inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, altered mitochondrial dynamics, and the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These modifications have as a result the reprogram of cellular metabolism, lead to innate antiviral signaling, and activate various programmed cell death pathways, exacerbating inflammatory responses and contributing to disease severity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a critical factor in coronavirus pathogenesis. Elucidating the interplay between coronaviruses and mitochondria is essential for understanding coronaviruses pathogenesis and developing new ways for prevention and therapy.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
A comprehensive study on TPI classifications in bulls and global herd quality indicators
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Ciornei, Ștefan-Gregore; Lavro, Valentin-Alexandru; Maciuc, Clara-Ionela; Pruteanu, Ioana-Livia; Șchiopu, Sebastian-Gabriel; Nacu, Gherasim; Nechifor, Florin; Roșca, Petru
The Total Performance Index (TPI) is a key genetic evaluation tool developed to rank Holstein bulls based on their ability to enhance herd productivity, health, and longevity. Widely used in the United States and beyond, TPI integrates traits like milk production, fertility, and conformation into a single score, guiding dairy farmers in selecting bulls that can genetically improve their herds. This project aims to delve deeply into the TPI classification system, exploring its methodology, significance, and impact on global dairy farming. Additionally, it will compare TPI with other herd quality indicators, such as the Profitable Lifetime Index (PLI) in the UK and the Lifetime Profit Index (LPI) in Canada, to highlight the diversity in genetic evaluation systems across different countries. The future of dairy farm sustainability lies in genomic testing and knowledge of the performance indices of bulls and cows, combining them in new generations of animals through reproductive biotechnologies such as embryo transfer.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Mammary gland tumors in cats – aspects between clinical stage and prognosis
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Nechifor, Florin; Drugociu, Dan-Gheorghe; Pașca, Aurelian-Sorin; Hrițcu, Luminița-Diana; Hârbu, Amalia-Ioana; Roșca, Petru
Mammary tumors in cats are benign or malignant neoplastic formations characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cellular proliferation, often influenced by hormonal factors such as estrogen and progesterone. These tumors differ in their potential for local invasion and metastatic dissemination. In September, most diagnosed cases occurred in females over 8 years of age (50.0%; 3 cases), followed by those aged 5–8 years (33.3%; 2 cases). Only one case (16.6%) was identified in the 3–5-year age group, and no cases were recorded in cats younger than 3 years. In October of the same year, of the 10 cases documented, the majority were again identified in females over 8 years of age (5 cases; 50.0%), followed by the 5–8-year age group (3 cases; 30.0%). The 3–5-year category accounted for 2 cases (20.0%). Similar to the previous month, in October, no mammary tumors were reported in cats under 3 years of age. It is noteworthy that unspayed females exhibit a significantly higher predisposition to such gynecological pathologies. Across the two months analyzed—September and October 2025—only 5 cats diagnosed with mammary tumors (45.5%) were spayed, whereas 11 (54.5%) were unspayed.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Control of ovarian function in the fertility management of dairy cattle
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Hârbu, Amalia-Ioana; Borș, Silviu-Ionuț; Roșca, Petru; Nechifor, Florin; Ciornei, Ștefan-Gregore; Drugociu, Dan-Gheorghe
Reproductive performance in dairy cows has become increasingly challenging due to the demands of intensified milk production. This surge in productivity has led to significant physiological strain on the animals, resulting in a notable decline in fertility rates. Thus, high-yielding cows are often predisposed to reproductive challenges, such as delayed resumption of ovarian cyclicity, cystic ovarian disease, and anovulation, which decrease conception rates. These disorders are closely linked to the metabolic stress and hormonal imbalances associated with intensive milk production. Controlling ovarian function through timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols has become an essential strategy for addressing various challenges. Protocols like Ovsynch, Presynch, Double Ovsynch, and other TAI protocols allow precise synchronization of ovulation. This approach reduces the dependence on estrus detection. In addition, the incorporation of progestative devices further supports luteal function and enhances reproductive outcomes. In parallel, advanced assisted reproduction techniques, including embryo transfer and in vitro fertilization, expand the options available for genetic improvement and reduce the gap between generations. While metabolic status and individual variation in ovarian response can influence the outcomes of TAI protocols, continual advancements in protocol development and reproductive management strategies are enhancing cow fertility. Integrating TAI protocols with assisted reproduction techniques can significantly enhance fertility management in dairy cows, supporting farm profitability.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Comparative evaluation of trapping methods for phlebotomine sand flies in Romania
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Andronic, Bianca-Lavinia; Ivănescu, Maria-Larisa; Apopei, Gabriela-Victoria; Mardare Mîndru, Raluca; Miron, Liviu-Dan
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are vectors of Leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of leishmaniosis, a major vector-borne zoonosis. Although several autochthonous and imported cases have recently been reported in Romania, updated information on sand fly distribution remains limited, highlighting the need for continuous surveillance and reliable trapping tools. Between May and September of 2023–2025, 55 sand flies were collected from 13 sites in northeastern and southeastern Romania using three trap types: the New Standard Miniature CDC Light Trap (John W.Hock Company, USA), Laika Trap 4.0 (LaikaLab, Pozzuolo, Italy), and sticky traps. Traps were placed from dusk until dawn in suitable microhabitats, and specimens were morphologically identified using standard taxonomic keys. Light-based traps (CDC and Laika) yielded comparable numbers and accounted for over 95% of all captures, whereas sticky traps were less efficient. Despite technical differences, both light traps performed similarly under field conditions. These findings indicate that light-based traps are effective for routine surveillance, supporting their use in systematic sand fly monitoring programs in Romania.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Ultrasound diagnosis and surgical extraction of grass awns by reducing surgical trauma in dogs
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Mihăilă, Iulian; Lazăr, Constantin; Șindilar, Eusebiu-Viorel; Vulpe, Vasile
Vegetative foreign bodies, especially grass awns, are a common cause of paw lesions in dogs and can be difficult to differentiate from other inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the utility of ultrasound in the diagnosis of interdigital vegetative foreign bodies and for guiding surgical interventions. The study included 15 dogs with clinical signs of lameness and lesions at the level of the paw (swelling, erythema, fistulas with purulent secretion). All patients underwent high-resolution ultrasound examination, which allowed the identification of vegetal foreign bodies in the form of hyperechoic linear structures with hypoechoic core surrounded by hypoechoic inflammatory reaction. Subsequently, the foreign bodies were surgically removed through an incision located according to the ultrasound findings. In all cases, ultrasound facilitated precise localization of the foreign body and contributed to successful surgical extraction, with no recurrences at postoperative re-evaluations. The results confirm that ultrasound is a fast, noninvasive and efficient diagnostic method, useful both for identifying vegetal foreign bodies and for planning minimally invasive surgical procedures in dogs with penetrating lesions.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Acute toxicity of cypermethrin and alpha-cypermethrinbased insecticides on cyprinid fish
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Grădilă, Marga; Mincea, Carmen; Zaharia, Roxana
This study investigates the acute toxicity of cypermethrin and alpha-cypermethrin-based insecticides on cyprinid fish species. A 96-hour static non-renewal bioassay was conducted in the Ecotoxicology Laboratory of R.D.I.P.P. Bucharest. Juveniles of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) were exposed to a range of insecticide concentrations. Acute toxicity data were analyzed using probit analysis, and 96-hour LC50 values (Mean Lethal Concentration) as well as the NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) were determined. Exposure to cypermethrin and alpha-cypermethrin induced behavioral and anatomical changes, including respiratory distress, loss of balance, reduced response to tactile stimuli, and abnormal swimming patterns, which intensified with increasing concentration and exposure duration. Among the tested species, common carp juveniles were the most sensitive, highlighting species-specific differences in susceptibility to these insecticides.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Comparative oxidative stress in diverse endocrine disorders to pets
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Hrițcu, Luminița-Diana; Pavel, Geta; Hrițcu, Teodor-Daniel; Nechifor, Florin; Boghian, Vasile; Anton, Alina; Cucoș, Ioana-Ștefania; Cherșunaru, Alexandra-Andreea; Munteanu, Alexandru; Spătaru, Mihaela-Claudia
Oxidative stress plays a central and increasingly recognized role in the pathophysiology of endocrine disorders in companion animals. This systematic review comparatively evaluated redox imbalance across major endocrine diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, and thyroid dysfunctions in dogs and cats. The analysis revealed a consistent pattern of increased reactive oxygen species and reduced antioxidant defenses, with the most pronounced alterations observed in chronic and poorly controlled conditions. Significant variability emerged in biomarker profiles among disorders, suggesting disease-specific oxidative pathways but a shared tendency toward cumulative cellular damage. Evidence also indicates that oxidative stress contributes to clinical progression and may influence therapeutic response. These findings support the integration of oxidative status assessment into diagnostic and monitoring protocols and highlight the potential value of targeted antioxidant interventions. Further standardized research is needed to refine biomarkers and optimize management strategies tailored to each endocrine pathology.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
A structured approach to orthopedic examination in small animals: a short review
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Șindilar, Eusebiu-Viorel; Ciubotariu, Alexandra
A thorough orthopedic examination is essential for accurately identifying and characterizing musculoskeletal disorders in small animals. This short review summarizes the structured approach to orthopedic assessment, beginning with patient history and general physical evaluation, followed by systematic observation at rest, gait analysis, and detailed physical examination. Static and dynamic assessments provide initial localization of pathology, while gait evaluation, including visual analysis and objective force plate measurements, offers critical insight into limb loading and functional impairment. The review also outlines key components of the standing and recumbent orthopedic examination, highlighting palpation techniques, joint mobility testing, and specialized maneuvers such as the Ortolani, Barden, cranial drawer, and tibial compression tests. Diagnostic tools integral to orthopedic evaluation, including radiography, ultrasonography, CT, MRI, arthrocentesis, laboratory testing, and diagnostic analgesia, are discussed in terms of their utility and limitations. This structured, multimodal approach enhances diagnostic accuracy and supports effective clinical decision-making in veterinary orthopedic practice.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Long-term outcomes of UHMWPE implant for canine cranial cruciate ligament reconstruction: a twelve-month, case report
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Șindilar, Eusebiu-Viorel; Mihăilă, Iulian; Ciubotariu, Alexandra
Extra-articular reconstruction of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) using ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) implants demonstrated encouraging clinical outcomes in a Labrador Retriever presenting with an acute, complete CrCL rupture. Although this surgical approach is not yet widely implemented, it offers several noteworthy clinical advantages. Positive long-term outcomes were recorded at twelve-month follow-up. Only minimal craniocaudal joint laxity was noted, indicating sustained mechanical stability provided by the implant. The stifle joint remained pain-free, with no clinically significant complications. Radiographic evaluation confirmed preservation of joint congruency and no progression of osteoarthritic changes.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Cellular pathway modulation by coronaviruses: regulation of autophagy, apoptosis, and related host processes
(Publishing House ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 2025) Popovici, Ivona; Horhogea, Cristina-Elena; Rîmbu, Cristina Mihaela
Coronaviruses have developed complex strategies to manipulate host cell pathways, in this way facilitating viral replication and enabling immune evasion. This review focuses on the interactions between coronaviruses and host cellular processes, especially on the modulation of autophagy, apoptosis, and additional regulatory pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses, interferon signaling, and lipid metabolism. Studies have shown that coronaviruses promote both the initiation of autophagy and inhibition of autophagic flux, resulting in the formation of non-degradative membrane compartments that support viral replication and limit immune detection of viral components. Furthermore, coronaviruses have a dual control over apoptotic signaling by both inducing and suppressing programmed cell death through mitochondrial pathways, caspase activation, and death receptor–mediated mechanisms. Clarification of these virus–host interactions provide important insights into coronavirus pathogenesis and identifies potential therapeutic targets, including autophagy modulators, kinase inhibitors, and agents targeting ER stress pathways and mitochondrial dysfunction.

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