2011

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.iuls.ro/handle/20.500.12811/1869

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Agricultural knowledge and information system in the context of sustainable agriculture: sustainable agricultural knowledge and information system framework and effective factors
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-01-10) Hashemi, S.M.K.
Promotion of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) is indispensable, either the need of increasing productivity, or more sustainable agriculture. A precondition for ensuring and buttressing the sustainable agriculture and rural development is the design and implementation of appropriate and welltargeted policies that take into account the interactions between macro-economic, agricultural and other sectoral policy concerns at national and regional level. An Agricultural Knowledge and Information system for Rural Development (AKIS for RD), links people and institutions to promote mutual learning and generate, share, and utilize agriculture-related technology, knowledge, and information. Most AKIS projects support agricultural research, extension, or education activities, which are increasingly viewed as components of an inter-related system. An AKIS should incorporates current and potential elements and resources economically, socially and environmentally in the context of Sustainable Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (SAKIS). Therefore, the goal of this study, was the investigation of different agricultural knowledge and information systems based on comparative concepts, structures, and functions for extracting and delineating appropriate framework for SAKIS. AKIS in Kenya, Hagaz (Eritrea), Israel and Netherlands has been addressed. AKIS in Kenya, because of links between external institutions and organizations, for both government organizations and NGOs, were generally weak and poorly coordinated (Low Networking), as a developing country has been selected. The AKIS in Hagaz (Eritrea), because of one study supported by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and DANIDA, to addressing AKIS, has been selected. And at last, AKIS in Israel and Netherlands, because of structural and functional comparisons, has been selected. Results indicated that, much of the success of the AKIS in the Netherlands and Israel stems from the well-functioning interfaces between the knowledge subsystems, i.e. (Synergistically sound relationships and networks among different subsystems and suitable networking processes). In this paper, main emphasis is on the networking and synergy processes as factors affecting SAKIS effectiveness. Finally, fourteen recommendations for buttressing current AKIS toward sustainability, has been rendered.
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Determinants of loan repayment performance of fishermen: empirical evidence from Ghana
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-03-25) Acquah, H.D.; Addo, J.
This study investigated factors influencing loan repayment performance of fishermen. A survey of 67 randomly sampled fishermen was conducted using a standard questionnaire. An interview schedule was the main tool of data collection while descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were the main analytical techniques. The study showed that majority of the fishermen interviewed were in the productive age range, had high average annual income and were experienced fishermen. Empirical results indicated that 70.1% of the fishermen interviewed had delayed repayment and this was partly attributed to low catch and high debts from fishmongers. Regression estimation results reveals that loan repayment increased with years of education, fishing income, years of fishing experience and amount of loan whilst the age and investment made negatively influenced the amount of loan repaid. The regression analysis finds the fishing income, loan and amount of investment made as significant predictors of the amount of loan repaid. The covariates in the model explained 77% of the variation in the loan repaid. It is recommended that allocation of loans to fisheries sector be increased to stimulate fishing activities and improve repayment performance of fishermen.
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The economic efficiency of genetic progress for the winter wheat varieties approved in Romania during 2000-2010
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-06-01) Ursu, Ana; Gheorghiu, Luise-Maria
The purpose of this study is to analyze the genetic progress in wheat crop, regarding the quantitative performance and economic aspect, the leading indicators for measuring efficiency being: production costs, price recovery and additional income as the main indicators to measure the effectiveness of genetic progress in increasing profit / ha. In order to highlight the genetic progress of created and approved individual varieties, there was calculated the quantitative contribution of new genotypes and the results were reported to the most representative areas for wheat production. The quantitative genetic progress was estimated with the help of the regression function. The quantitative relationship between variables, regarding the contribution of genotypes to genetic progress increase, quantified with the help of coefficient (b) of the linear regression equation, presents the following significant values (in ascending order) for areas analyzed: 10.62 kg/ha/year for genotypes grown in the south in irrigated, 12.05 kg/ha/year for genotypes grown in Transylvania, 19.26 kg/ha/year for genotypes grown in the west and 21.25 kg/ha/year for genotypes grown in Moldova. The approach taken justifies the context in which the genetic research and breeding work is a primary importance solution in view of further increase in wheat production in Romania. The economic results obtained show that the newly created genotypes are equipped with high capacity of efficient capitalizations of areas of cultivation, the rate of return exceeding 25% (Glosa - 32%, Gruia - 37%, Izvor - 44%).
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Researches on vicinal immune responses in canine leptospirosis
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-07-06) Tanase, Irina-Oana; Gheorghiță, Ileana; Pavli, Constantin; Perianu, Tudor
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of constant importance as causative microbial agent, maintained by subclinical infections in wild and domestic animals. Currently, for active immunization in dogs is used an inactivated vaccine, produced by specialized companies in different countries. The vast majority are polyvalent vaccines, which include the two leptospire serovars (Leptospira canicola and Leptospira icterohaemorhagiae) and viral antigens for prevention of infectious hepatitis Rubarht, Carré's disease, coronavirus and parainfluence. Specific immunity induced by this inactivated vaccine, is active, individual, installs in 10 to 21 days after administration, lasting a variable time (4-6 months) and never causes a 100% protection. This paper aims to investigate how this immune response in carnivores and its protection.
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Studies regarding the performance of some bluegrass and ryegrass varieties used in lawns under the climatic conditions in the forrest steppe of North - East Romania
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-05-27) Popovici, Constantin-Iulian; Vîntu, Vasile; Samuil, Costel; Stavarache, Mihai
The turf varieties sold in Romania are breeded in foreign countries that are different in terms of climatic conditions, and may not always perform as well in conditions of extreme drought and heat that often occurs in the summers of eastern Romania. From this point of view, trial testing of imported turf varieties in this part of the country or another, throughout the country, would be a necessary and positive research especially if it would be achieved before selling these varieties on the romanian market, thus pleasing the quality demands of the public and also helping the breeders to optimize the range of varieties for specific areas. In this research we had the chance to test by trial, for a period of two consecutive years, seven varieties of kentucky bluegrass (KB) and three of perennial ryegrass (PR) breeded in the USA, the world market leader in turfgrass varieties. Field trials were started at a farm located nearby the city of Iasi, in 2005, consisting in randomized plots replicated three times for statistical interpretation of the data. The soil was a chernozem soil type. Each plot had an area of 4 m2. Seeding rate was 15g m-1 for bluegrass varieties and 30g m-1 as recommended by the breeding companies. The weather conditions in the area are quite rough for turfgrasses, with 520 mm of rain annualy and an annual mean temperature of 9.60C. The evaluation of turgrass overall quality was done using the visual rating scale used by the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program from USA. This organization is well accepted in more than 30 countries around the world, and the rating scale is used by most of the turfgrass breeders. Following results we learned that ryegrass quality is affected by the prolonged lack of water in a higher percentage than bluegrass, by comparing the quality ratings of these two varieties over a period of two years, correlated with the climatic conditions from the same time period. The monthly ratings were used to calculate the annual mean quality rating for each individual variety, and the best quality was observed in the year 2006, for varieties: Nudestiny rated 6.5, Liberator rated 6.2 and Impact rated 6.1, all three belonging to Poa pratensis species. This study proves the importance of trial testing of imported turf varities because of the following reasons: there are large differences between turfgrass species in terms of turf quality influenced by climatic conditions but also there are differences betwen varieties that belong to the same botanical species, as we have seen in the seven bluegrass varieties studied.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Researches on the protection of maize crops against soil pests
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-03-29) Trotuș, Elena; Buburuz, Alexandra-Andreea; Zaharia, Paul
The maize crops have been affected, in the range between seed germination - plants appearing – the development of the first 3 – 5 leave, by larvae of Agriotes genus, the maize leaf weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollis) and earth fleas (Crepidodera sp.). For the prevention and reduction of the groundside pests attacks, at Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) of Secuieni, Neamţ county, Romania, it has been experienced a range of insecticides (Gaucho 600 FS – 6.0 l/t (STD), Poncho 600 FS – 9.0 l/t, Thiacloprid 400 FS- 20.0 l/t, Nuprid 600 FS – 6.0 l/t, Picus 600 FS – 6.0 l/t, Cosmos 500FS – 2.0 l/t şi 7.5 l/t) applied in the treatment of maize grain. The experienced insecticides have insured a good protection of the plants against the larvae of Agriotes genus; the percentage of the saved plants at 25 days of the emergence it was between 89% and 97% at the treated variants and 76% plants remainig at the untreated variant; the differences with the percentage of saved plants between the treated variants and the untreated variant were very significant. Regarding the degree of attack produce by Tanymecus dilaticollis and Crepidodera sp., between the treated variants and the untreated variant there were registered very significant negative differences. The good protection insured by the seed chemical treatment with the experienced insecticides it positive influence the maize production at hectare; between the treated variants and the untreated variant there were obtained very significant production differences. The good results obtained in the protection of maize crops against the groundside pests they led to the approval of the experienced insecticides and to the recommendation to use them in the large-scale production.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The behavior of some winter barley varieties in the climatic conditions of the central Moldavian Plateau
(2011-02-15) Pochișcanu, Simona-Florina; Lupu, Cornelia; Negru, Silvia; Buburuz, Alexandra-Andreea
This paper presents the enviromental testing research results of seven romania varieties of winter barley, experienced on Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) of Secuieni, Neamţ county, Romania, during 2007 – 2010. By this was followed the zoning of the most adjusted and efficient genotypes, increasing their biodiversity so that to reduce the genetic and ecological vulnerability of the agroecosystems. In the last three years (2007 – 2010) was revealed the tendency of large fluctuations occurrence, both in terms of rainfall and temperature, from a normal crop year (2007 – 2008) in a dry year (2008 – 2009) and a rainy year (2009 2010). In the crop year 2009 – 2010, because of spring weather conditions that favored the installation of pathogen agents (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei, Pyrenophora graminea, Pyrenophora teres, Puccinia hordei), but especially of the rainfall fallen in the last decade of June, which negatively influenced the evolution of the barley crop and contributed to the quantity (by shaking the beans in the ear) and quality deteriorating of barley production, the winter barley yields were very small. On average over the three years of experimentation, the barley yields achieved ranged between 5232 kg/ha (Dana variety) and 6048 kg/ha (Sistem variety). Depending on the average production achieved during the three years of experimentation, top three ranked varieties are Sistem (6048 kg/ha), Andreea (5902 kg/ha) and Mădălin FD (5441 kg/ha). Regarding the resistance to abiotic and biotic stress factors, it has varied from year to year depending on variety. The romanian varieties were characterized by good resistance to lodging and brown rust.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Response of proline, soluble sugars and antioxidant enzymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to different irrigation regimes in greenhouse condition
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-06-25) Nazarli, H.; Faraji, F.
To evaluate the response of proline and soluble sugars content, catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in wheat leaves to different irrigation regimes at two growth stages, a greenhouse factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The factors consisted of four different irrigation regimes as 100% (I0), 75% (I1), 50% (I2) and 25% (I3) of field capacity and growth stages: 50% emergence to booting stage (GS1) and booting stage to physiological maturity (GS2). Fresh leaf tissues were used to determine proline and soluble sugars content, CAT and APX activity. According to the results, irrigation regimes had significant effect on proline content, soluble sugars and APX activity, but no significant differences were detected among irrigation regimes for catalase (CAT) activity. Limited irrigation increased proline concentration and total soluble sugars in leaves. None of studied traits were affected by growth stages. Interaction between irrigation regimes and growth stages was not significant for all studied traits. Results indicated that the highest proline content (12 μmol/g DW), total soluble sugars (49 mg/g DW) and APX activity (42 μmol min-1 g-1 FW) were related to irrigation at 25% of field capacity (I3). It was concluded that proline and soluble sugar levels were increased in wheat leaves under deficit irrigation regimes.
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Evolution of some chemical properties of soil under influence of soil erosion and different cropping systems
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-07-22) Ailincăi, Costică; Jităreanu, Gerard; Bucur, Daniel; Ailincăi, Despina; Mercuș, Adrian
Since 1968, at the Agricultural Research Station of Podu- Iloaiei, Iași County (47°12´ N latitude, 27°16´ E longitude), investigations were conducted on the influence of different crop structures and fertilizers on yield, erosion and soil fertility. The paper presented the results of investigations concerning the influence of long-term fertilization (43 years) on some chemical characteristics of Cambic Chernozem from the Moldavian Plain and on the yield of wheat and maize, placed under different crop rotations with perennial grasses and legumes. The objectives of this study was, to monitor runoff, soil loss and soil chemical properties in monocultures of wheat and corn, compared with different rotations and fallow land. The climatic conditions in the Moldavian Plain were characterized by annual mean temperature of 9.6oC and a mean rainfall amount, on 50 years, of 553.5 mm, of which 141.5 mm during September- December and 412.0 mm during January- August. In the last 20 years, the mean annual recorded quantity of rainfall was of 588.7 mm (100%), of which 369.5 mm (62.8%) determined water runoff and soil losses by erosion. Mean annual losses of soil by erosion, recorded in the last 20 years, in the Moldavian Plain, were of 0.161 t/ha in perennial grasses in the second growth year, 3.883 t/ha in beans, 6.369 t/ha in maize and 6.733 t/ha in sunflower. The crop structure, which determined, during 1991- 2010, the diminution in mean soil losses by erosion until 1.954 t/ha/year included 20 % straw cereals (wheat), 20% annual legumes (pea), 20% row crops (maize) and 40 % perennial grasses and legumes (Alfalfa + Lolium perene). After 43 years of experience, in the pea - wheat - corn - sunflower rotation + reserve field, cultivated with legumes and perennial grasses, soil organic carbon content increased with 14.7% (2.8 C g / kg), in comparison with wheat - maize rotation.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Wheat crops protection against harmful organisms using chemical treatment of seed
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-03-15) Trotuș, Elena; Naie, Margareta; Buburuz, Alexandra-Andreea; Zaharia, Paul
In the conditions of the central area of Moldavia, losses in quantitative and qualitative wheat productions are determinated by pathogen agents which are transmitted by groundside and seed, like Fusarium sp. and Tilletia tritici, but also by some soil pests like the wire worms (Agriotes sp.) and the hunchback bug (Zabrus tenebrioides).The prevention or decreasing of the attacks was achieved in the conditions of the Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) of Secuieni, Neamţ county, Romania, by the chemical treatment of the seed using a range of insectofungicides (Yunta 246 FS, Nuprid Max, Austral Plus Net, Lamardor + Gaucho, Yunta Quatrro, Yunta Succesor, Alios 300 FS). The experienced insectofungicides insured a good plant protection against the attack of Agriotes sp., the plants frequency at the untreated variant was 6.37% and between 0.77% and 1.42% at the treated variants, and against Zabrus tenebrioides species, the frequency of damaged plants at the untreated variant was 1.76%, compared with 0.16% and 0.54% at the treated variants. Differences statistically insured were registered also in the attack produce by Fusarium sp. and Tilletia tritici, between the treated variants with the experimented insectofungicides and the untreated variant. The experienced insectofungicides in the seed treatment haven’t influence in the negative way on the seed germination, plants growth, development of plants root system as well as plants fraternally; between the treated variants and the untreated variant have been registered differences statistically insured in all the made biometric observations. The good protection, insured by the experienced insetofungicides, had a positive influence on the wheat production to hectare which was 4852 kg/ha in the untreated variant and between 5225 kg/ha and 5930 kg/ha in the treated variants; the production differences between the treated variants and untreated variant were statistically insured.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Research on thickness and density of gamble twins muscles myocytes in commercial meat hybrid COBB-500
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-03-02) Teușan, Vasile; Prelipcean, Anca; Prelipcean, A.A.
From 10 individuals of male and female sex, belonging to the commercial meat hybrid COBB-500, histological samples were collected from the two twins leg muscles (lateral gastrocnemius and medial gastrocnemius). Sampling was done during the slaughter of these birds at the age of 42 days, when they had body weights of 2168-2296 grams, depending on sex. Samples were processed in conformity with the paraffin section technique, resulting 20 histological slides, which were studied with a photonic binocular microscope. The device used (OM MC3) permited direct cytometric determinations on cross sections displayed on the microscopic slides. The following results were obtained: the mean thickness of myocytes was 36.49 ± 0.59 μ, for the male juveniles and 32.14 ± 0.61 μ, for the female juveniles. These values were found in lateral gastrocnemius muscle. Medial gastrocnemius muscle myocytes had an mean thickness of 36.15 ± 0.78 μ, on male and 31,09 ± 0,68 μ in females. Muscle fiber density was 485.89 to 488.55 fm/mm2, for males and from 698.06 to 699.67 fm/mm2 in females. Differences between the twin leg muscles are statistically insignificant in all indicators examined, while for the two sexes, these differences are statistically significant.
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GIS applications in viticulture. The spatial distribution of climatic suitability for grape growing in Huşi wine-growing centre (Romania)
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-02-11) Irimia, Liviu-Mihai; Patriche, Cristian-Valeriu; Quénol, H.
This paper is part of a GISbased approach aiming to develop the map of ecological suitability for grape growing in Huşi wine-growing centre, Huşi vineyard (Romania). The database underlying this study includes ten climatic factors and indicators that are considered to be defining for the climatic suitability of a geographic area. They are: solar radiation (kcal/cm2/1.04-30.09), solar insolation (hours/1.04-30.09), annual average temperature (°C), the hottest month average temperature (°C), the sum of fractions of average daily temperatures above 10°C for the period from 1st April to 30 September (Σtu°C), average rainfall for the period from 1st April to 30 September (mm), the length of bioactive period (mm), the heliothermal index (IHr), the bioclimatic index (Ibcv) and the index of oenoclimatic aptitude (IAOe). The values of climatic factors were grouped in three suitability classes, according to their influence on the grapes quality for wine grapes varieties, and included in a GIS database that has been used to generate the climatic suitability map of the wine-growing centre. The GIS-based analysis shows that 76.29% of Huşi wine-growing centre area has climatic potential for white qualitative wines production, 16.95% for red table wines production and 2.03% for white table wines, sparkling wines and distillates. No part of Huşi wine-growing centre has the climatic potential to produce red quality wines.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Contribution to the study of plant communities dominated by Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, in the Eastern Romania (Moldavia)
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2010-11-26) Sîrbu, Culiță; Oprea, Adrian
In this paper, we aimed to analyze the structure, ecology and syntaxonomy of the communities dominated by Ailanthus altissima, in the Eastern Romania (Moldavia). This study has been achieved during our research on alien plants, conducted in 2009-2010. A number of 20 vegetation relevés have been carried out according to the Braun-Blanquet's methodology, in the spontaneous communities of Ailanthus altissima. The investigations led to the description of a new plant association (Balloto nigrae- Ailanthetum altissimae ass. nova). It is subordinated to the alliance Balloto nigrae- Robinion Jurko ex Hadač & Sofron 1980, order Chelidonio-Robinietalia Jurko ex Hadač & Sofron 1980, class Robinietea Jurko ex Hadač & Sofron 1980. Recognition species are Ballota nigra and Ailanthus altissima. Besides these, among the characteristic species of higher syntaxa (alliance, order, class), the following species stand out: Bromus sterilis (constant), Urtica dioica and Galium aparine (sub-constant). The stands are found on sunny lands, on roadsides, railway embankments, railway stations, steep slopes, ravines, abandoned fields, abandoned orchards or vineyards on terraces, ruderal lands, sandy lands, degraded pastures, or on the edge of Robinia pseudacacia plantations. They are situated between 38 and 265 m a.s.l. In ecological terms, the association Balloto nigrae- Ailanthetum altissimae includes heliophilous (sub-heliophilous), moderate thermophilous, xero-mesophilous, neutrophilous and moderate nitrophilous phytocoenoses. The results are discussed against the background of similar investigations of anthropogenic woody plant communities carried out by others authors.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Impact of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of forage oat (Avena sativa L.)
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-01-31) Ahmad, A.H.; Wahid, A.; Khalid, F.; Fiaz, N.; Zamir, M.S.I.
A field trial was carried out to examine the comparative efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers alone and in different combinations to find the yield and quality contributing factors of oat (Avena sativa L.) during 2008-09 at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The treatments were tested under randomized complete block design using three replications. Significant result were found in respect of plant height (146.3 cm), number of leaves per plant (6.87), number of tillers per plant (8.02), number of tillers m-2 (336), leaf area per plant (128 cm2), fresh weight per tiller (30.10g), dry weight per tiller (5.01g) and green fodder yield (74.67 t ha-1) in contrast to organic manures and its combination with inorganic fertilizer (inorganic sources of manures). From the present study it can be concluded to meet the needs of fodder; it is better to use inorganic sources that are more effective and quick in response while organic sources are more environmental friendly than inorganic sources.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Research on establishment of tehnological links to Gypsophila paniculata L. on sandy soils
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2010-11-16) Ciuciuc, Elena
Diversifying the range of plants grown on sandy soils, by introducing the culture of some species able to exploit existing natural conditions and which also contributes to their setting is a necessity. Research conducted at Central Research Station for Agricultural Plants on Sandy Soils of Dăbuleni, Dolj county, Romania, in Gypsophila paniculata L. in sandy soil conditions, have demonstrated the possibility of introducing the culture of this species to exploit these types of higher ground. In type bifactorial experience was aimed at establishing the distance between the lines and the amount of useful seed, used for sowing, taking into study four distances between rows (37.5 cm, 50 cm, 62.5 cm and 75 cm ) and three standard seed (4 kg / ha and 6 kg / ha and 8 kg / ha). The standard distance between rows and sowing the seed used in the production of roots influences. Normal growth of seed from 4 kg / ha to 6 kg / ha and 8 kg / ha is not justified in terms of production. By sowing at a distance of 62.5 cm between rows, using a quantity of seed sown useful to 4 kg / ha, there was a production of 11 t / ha, which enables us to opt for inclusion in the culture of the species Gypsophila paniculata L. sandy soils in southern Oltenia.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Water runoff and soil erosion, registered in different crops, on 16% slope lands
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-04-11) Ailincăi, Costică; Jităreanu, Gerard; Bucur, Daniel; Ailincăi, Despina
The goal of the experiments carried out at the Podu-Iloaiei Agricultural Research Station, Iași County, was the study of water runoff and soil losses, caused by erosion, in different crops and the influence of water and soil erosion on the losses of organic matter and mineral elements from soil. The results on water runoff and soil losses in different crops from the Moldavian Plateau have shown that in the last seven years, of the total amount of 608.4 mm rainfall, 387.5 mm (63.7%) produced water runoff, which was between 8.5 mm in perennial grasses, in the second year of vegetation, and 34.9 - 36.8 mm, in maize and sunflower crops. The annual soil losses due to erosion, recorded at the same period, were between 0.190 t/ha/year in perennial grasses, and 4.079 - 4.451 t/ha/year in maize and sunflower crops. Erosion has affected soil fertility by removing once with eroded soil, high amounts of organic carbon and mineral elements, which reached 10.71 - 11.26 kg/ha nitrogen, 0.56 – 0.64 kg/ha phosphorus and 0.98 - 1.11 kg/ha potassium, in maize and sunflower crops. The crop structure, which determined the diminution in mean soil losses by erosion until 1.383 t/ha included 20 % straw cereals, 20% annual legumes, 20% row crops and 40 % perennial grasses and legumes. On land with a slope of 16%, lowering the percentage of weeding plants from 60% to 20% has reduced the amount of eroded soil by 49%.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Evaluation of water productivity in the saline areas of lower Karkheh Basin and determination of its causes: a study from Southern Iran
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2010-12-24) Absalan, S.; Heydari, N.; Sedaghat, M.
Karkheh River Basin (KRB) is one of the important basins in Iran regarding water resources, where both rain fed and irrigated agricultural production systems prevail. Water logging and soil salinity are the major threats to water productivity and sustainable agricultural production in the lower KRB (L-KRB). More than 78% of agricultural production in Dasht-e Azadegan region is dominated by grains, mainly wheat and barley. The main objective of this research was to determine and evaluate water productivity (WP) of irrigated wheat, as major cultivated crop in DA and recommendation of simple and applicable management guidelines. This research was conducted in fourteen farmers’fields, typical of the farms in the region, during cropping season of two years 2005-2006 and 2006-2007. Based on the total applied water, calculated Evaporation- Transpiration (ET), and crop yield, wheat water productivity values were calculated and determined. Analysis of measured Water Productivity (WP) indicated that the range of variation in WP values is relatively high and varies between 0.1-2.1 kg.m-3 In the southern parts of L-KRB, mainly in Dasht-e Azadegan plain (DA), available data show that the problem of soil salinity is magnified due to lack of farmers’ knowledge, inadequate drainage networks, and absence of improved farming practices. In general, the main cause of soil salinity in the L-KRB is high water table, usually varying between 1.2-3.0 m below the soil surface. Evaluation of results indicates that, inefficiencies and the limiting factors affecting WP in southern part of L-KRB.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Effects of some parameters on fracture resistance of sunflower seed
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2011-02-08) Jafari, S.; Khazaei, J.; Arabhosseini, A.; Massah, J.; Khoshtaghaza, Mohammad Hadi
The fracture resistance of sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.) was measured in terms of average compressive force, deformation and energy absorbed at rupture. Sunflower seeds with moisture contents varying from 1.8 to 20.3% (wet basis) were loaded in vertical and horizontal orientations between two parallel rigid plates. The average compressive forces required to cause seed rupture were 43.36 N for the vertical and 27.37 N for horizontal orientations of loading. Deformation and the energy absorbed at rupture point of the seeds increased in magnitude with an increase in moisture content for loading in both vertical and horizontal orientations. The results provide useful information for engineers to design suitable sunflower seed dehuller machine.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Variants of supply for the suburban area's population of the city of Iaşi (Romania), with milk and dairy products in 2009
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2010-12-15) Dodoloi, Florina; Chiran, Aurel
The purpose of this study is to determine whether increased production of milk in the area set (the suburban area of the city of Iași, Romania) can provide optimal consumption of milk and dairy products recommended for the local population. In this sens, we have three variants taken into analysis for consumption of milk and dairy products: V1 - minimum consumption (180 l / capita / year) V2 - average consumption (240 l / capita / year), V3 - optimal consumption (300 l / capita / year). After analyzing these cases it was established that in Aroneanu village, increased average production per head has led to a surplus of production, all three variants being able to ensure optimal consumption of milk and dairy products and capitalizing on the open market and processing. In Bîrnova village, increasing production to ensure optimal recommended consumption of 300 liters per capita is not valid but in the third variant. Bosia village is situated on the first of five analyzed villages in providing optimum milk consumption. The excess production is the largest, and can cover higher needs on the free market and in processing. In the villages as Comarna and Ciurea optimal consumption of milk and dairy products can not be ensured in actual conditions.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Identification of coronaviral antibodies and coronavirus - specific antibody complexes in ascites fluid of cats diagnosticated with feline infectious peritonitis
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2010-11-19) Horhogea, Cristina-Elena; Laiu, Ivona; Le Poder, Sophie; Carp Cărare, Mihai; Rîmbu, Cristina-Mihaela; Carp Cărare, Cătălin
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an infectious lethal cat diseases, prodused by a mutant feline coronavirus (feline infectious peritonitis virus), which is manifested in two clinical forms. Dry form may go unnoticed or be confused with other diseases. Wet form, however, evolve with ascites fluid accumulation, its appearance being correlated with end-stage of the disease. Research has pursued the efficiency of direct immunofluorescence test for the identification of coronavirus - anticoronavirus antibody complexes in ascites fluid. Nine ascites fluid samples, obtained from cats aged between 1,7 months and 13 years, diagnosed with feline infectious peritonitis, were analyzed. The antibody titrers were assessed using indirect immunofluorescence on pig kidney (PK) cell cultures infected with TGEV, on three samples, titres ranging from 1/25 and 1/625. All nine ascites fluid samples tested by direct immunofluorescence for detection of coronavirus specific antibodies complexes were positive. In images obtained with UV in microscopy, fluorescence being seen in the macrophages under the form of a ring arranged on the periphery of the cell membrane and fluorescence localized intracellularly, probably internalized immune complexes. The results lead us to recommend the use of this test for FIP rapid diagnostic.

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