2017

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Open Access

Valuation of vegetal residue of grape seeds resulting from the extractive processes of phenolic compounds

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Nechita, Ancuța; Filimon, Vasile-Răzvan; Zaldea, Gabi; Filimon, Roxana-Mihaela; Damian, Doina; Nechita, Bogdan; Pașa, Rodica

The stepwise extraction process of phenolic compounds from grape seeds ultimately leads to the production of a residue rich in protein, cellulose and substances without nitrogen which can be biodegraded in nature by microorganisms from the soil. The purpose of this research was to verify whether the vegetable residue of grape seeds, resulting from the extraction of polymerized proanthocyanidins can be used as an organic fertilizer in the soil. The soil biodegradation process was assessed by microbiological analysis and analysis of current and potential dehydrogenase activity. The results obtained showed that the vegetal residue led to the increaseof the number of soil microorganisms involved in the nitrogen circuit and carbon, as a result of the triggering of the biodegradation process as well as its non-polluting effect supported by current and potential dehydrogenase activity determined in dynamicsover a year in experimental plots.

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Open Access

Urban landscape between utopia and reality

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Gheorghiță, Constanța-Carmina; Constantinescu, C.

he paper investigates the theme of urbanlandscape and its proximity to the descriptions offered in literary utopias. Clarifying the “visionary”/“utopian” opposition requires the revaluation and the reappraisal of the original significations of utopian space, as they are fixed by the literary texts centered on the idea of social and urban reform, beginning with Morus’ Utopia.Architects have always faced utopia, having to choose between accepting or refuting its ideological dimensions (economic, political, social). This confrontation led to interpretative speculations that encouraged a new architectural discourse, and in the 1970s many theorists declared the death of modernity and the end of utopia, causing a retheorization of utopia, especially at the end of the 20th century, marked by the fall of communism and its architectural projects. Today’s urban and landscape design cannot ignore the retheorization of utopia, especially in postcommunist countries, modeled by social and urban engineering of communist ideology (utopia).

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Open Access

Problems of pedestrian trails in urban spaces

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Dascălu, Doina-Mira; Dascălu, V.; Cojocariu, Mirela

Many urban spaces are mostly revealed by walking along or inside them. In this context, pedestrian trails play a special role because it mediatesperception, establishes the speed, succession and character of landscape experiences. The walkways represent a means of directing or controlling landscaping. Trails development can be dotted with elements or points of interest, consisting of vegetation or constructed objects. Along alleys, the trails can be dilated in some places, becoming areas of ambient interest with resting places, water games and vegetal compositions. Navigating or scrolling along a trail, the landscape's perception must be controlled and dosed so that we do not reveal too much at once, nor do we strain the viewer by preventing it from penetrating in depth. The relaxation places must offer physical and psycho-emotional comfort, both through the elements of their design and by the aesthetic arrangement of the adjacent frame.

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Open Access

Influence of vermicompost on seedlings’obtaining at some species of ornamental grasses

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Chelariu, Elena-Liliana; Ghiorghe, C.

The best alternative of nowadays environmental degradation is to realise a proper use of the available unutilized organic biodegradable wastes for converting them into compost within a short period. Vermicompost could be used as an excellent soil amendment for main fields and nursery beds and has been reported to be useful in raising nursery species plants. The current paper presentsthe influence of vermicompost on producing ofseedlings at ornamental gramineousspecies Pennisetum setaceum. Vermicompost was utilized in doses of 10% (V1), 20% (V2), 30% (V3) and 0% (V4). For all variants the basic utilised substrate was formed by 2 parts peat and 1 part garden soil. All variants at which vermicompost was utilised provided a more vigorous seedling in comparison with control variant (V4) and the best results were recorded at V3. Vermicompost could promote early and vigorous growth of seedlings. Vermicompost has found to be effectively enhanced for root formation, elongation of stem and production of biomass.

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Open Access

The characteristics of forest soils from Iaşi county

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Dincă, Lucian; Dincă, Maria

The purpose of this article is to present a description of forest soils from Iasi County, based on the soil analysis realized in the period 1989-2015. As a total, 201 soil profiles and 620 pedo-genetical horizons were analyzed. Amongst the 15 soil types identified in the county, the most widespread are: preluvisol (weakly acid soils, eubasic, with a large total cationic exchange capacity, well supplied with nitrogen and moderately humiferous), eutric cambisol (weakly acid soils, eubasic, with a large total cationic exchange capacity, well supplied with nitrogen and moderately humiferous), luvisol (moderately acid soils, eubasic, with a large total cationic exchange capacity, well supplied with nitrogen and intensely humiferous), phaeozem (weakly alkaline soils, eubasic, with a very large total cationic exchange capacity, normally supplied with nitrogen and intensely humiferous), chernozem (weakly alkaline soils, eubasic, with a very large total cationic exchange capacity, normally supplied with nitrogen and moderately humiferous) and fluvisol.

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Open Access

Researches on groundwater pollution in the area of industrial waste dumps

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Luca, Mihail; Bălan, R.; Chirica, Ștefania; Luca, Alexandru-Lucian

Industrial waste dumps in exploitation or conservation represent a high risk of groundwater pollution. The Moldovan area has a large number of industrial waste dumps for mine waste, slag and ash from thermal power stations and steel plants, technological waste, etc. The degradation of the constructive structure of the deposits allows the underground infiltration of pollutants and contamination of water sources. The case study highlights the movement of a complex of pollutants from the landfill of a metalworking plant into the underground water. During the research measurements were made in observation drills and laboratory determinations were performed. The processing of the experimental data showed substantial overshoots in the following physical and chemical indicators: total iron (Fe +), ammonium (NH4), hardness, potassium permanganate (KMnO4), sulphates (SO4-) and chlorides (C1-). Contaminants from the landfill polluted groundwater and surface water sources for several localities.

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Open Access

Influence of hydroclimatic risk factors on the river pollution phenomenon

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Luca, Mihail; Avram, Mihaela; Marcoie, Nicolae; Chirica, Ștefania

The paper presents an analysis of the river pollution phenomena in the Trotuş River Basin. The Trotuş River area has been affected by multiple floods over the past 28 years (significant in 2004, 2005, 2011 and 2016). The most important categories of pollutant pressures in the Trotuş Hydrographic Basin are punctual, diffuse and hydromorphological. The most significant point sources of pollution in the river basin are of domestic, industrial and agricultural type. The pollutants that affected the watercourses in the Trotuş catchment area during the study period were petroleum products (51.2%) and organic substances (21.4%). The remaining 27.4% of pollutants are ammonium, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, heavy metals, cyanide, urea, detergents, ash, phosphorus, etc.

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Open Access

Life cycle assessment of corrugated board packaging

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Ghinea, Cristina; Comăniță, Elena-Diana; Gavrilescu, Maria

In this paper corrugated board packaging life cycle was evaluated with life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Two LCA methods were considered for the evaluation: CML 2001-Jan.2016 and ReCiPe 1.08, both included in GaBi software. Results showed that corrugated board packaging has negative impacts on the environment even if there were registered low values. Elimination methods like landfilling and incineration of corrugated board packaging waste are increasing the negative impacts on the environment, while recovery of packaging waste and their use in the corrugated board production leads to the reduction of these impactsand natural resources conservation.

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Open Access

Protection of distribution networks water quality

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Chirica, Ștefania; Luca, Mihail; Luca, Alexandru-Lucian

This paper presents a number of issues regarding the protection of drinking water quality in conveyance and distribution networks. Studies and research have shown that the physical and hydraulic integrity of the conveyance and distribution system influences the drinking water quality parameters. The stateof pipelines, tanks, and hydraulic installations’ physical integrity may influence the influx of contaminants into drinking water. The physical integrity factors considered in the research are: pipe material, geometric parameters, interior and exterior protection quality, corrosion, structural failure, degradation. The hydraulic integrity factors considered in the research are: variation of flow and pressure, velocity, sedimentation phenomenon, cavitation. Water integrity factors are: disinfectant dose, storage and movement time, physical and chemical reactions with the pipe, contaminant infiltration, age, biological stability. The case study forIaşi city confirms the evolution of water quality parameters along the pipe network.

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Open Access

Analysis of the moldavian plateau potable water sources quality parameters

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Chirica, Ștefania; Luca, Mihail

Potable water sources worldwide have started to decline in volume and deteriorate in quality. This situation is present in Romania, in the plain and plateau area of Moldova. This area has a small number of viable drinking water sources from groundwater, rivers and lakes. Rural settlements in this area are the most affected by the lack of unpolluted water sources. The natural pollution occurs due to the nature of the rocks from the water sources’ site, where the presence of sulphates and chlorides is predominant. The researches show exceedings to almost the entire nutrient group. The highest concentrations of nitrates are recorded in the Jijia and Bahlui hydrographic basin. The analyses carried out in Iaşi area regarding the groundwater quality parameters have highlighted high concentration of sulphates. This exceeds the standardised value so that the groundwater source is improper for catchment and usage as drinking water for the population.

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Open Access

Biosorption potential of various waste biomasses for Cu(II) ions removal from aqueous solution

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Bădescu, Iulia-Simona; Negrilă, Lăcrămioara; Nacu, Gabriela; Bulgariu, Dumitru; Bulgariu, Laura

In this study, was analyzed the biosorptionpotential of somewaste biomasses in the removal process of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. Three types of biosorbents have been used in experiments, namely: marine algae waste,mustard waste and lignin. All these materials are resulted from different industrial activities, and their use for the metal ions removal from aqueous solution is in agreement with the principles of circular economy. The experimental results obtained for the influence of initial Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time on the removal efficiency from aqueous media were modelled using various isotherm and kinetics models. The parameters obtained from modelling have permitted the evaluation of biosorptive potential of these three types of waste biomasses in the removal processes of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution.

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Open Access

Degree of the riparian environment in the Trotus hydrographic basin after the flods in the years 2016

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Avram, Mihaela; Luca, Mihail

The paper presents an analysis of the degradation phenomena of the riparian environment in the Trotuş river basin following the floods produced in the summer of 2016. The Trotuş River has been affected by many floods over the past 28 years, 2004, 2005, 2011 and 2016. The riverine environment was affected by the degradation of shore defence works, the morphological modification of the riverbed, the destruction of the roads, the erosion of the agricultural land, the deposition of pollutants on the land adjacent to the river, etc. The June 2016 flood in the Trotuş River basin resulted in the degradation to the total destruction of over 318 km of bank defence hydrotechnical works. The floods caused the degradation of 1337 ha of agricultural land, the degradation of 355 km of road and 180 bridges. The floods affected over 376 homes in the studied area, from which it destroyed 76.

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Open Access

Kinetics study of Pb(II) and Hg(II) removal from aqueous media on rapeseeds biomass

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Arsenie, Teodora-Daniela; Bulgariu, Dumitru; Bulgariu, Laura

In this study, the removal of Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution using rapeseeds biomass was examined in batch systemsas a funtion of contact time. The results obtained for the removal of each studied metal ion were analyzed using three kinetics models: prseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion, in order to elucidate the mechanism of the removal process. For both studied metal ions, the experimental data are well described by the pseudo-second order kinetics model. Theseresults can be used for to highlight the potential applicability of rapeseeds biomass as low-cost biosorbent in the clean-up of aqueous effleunts, containing toxic heavy metals.

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Open Access

Lithuanian protected landscape

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Stanaitienė, Vilma; Dascălu, Doina-Mira; Cojocariu, Mirela

Lithuania has 1020162 hectares of protected areas, which account for 15.64% of total surface of the country. The Lithuanian natural heritage comprise the countrysideand natural environment, including floraand fauna(scientifically known as biodiversity), as well as geological elements (scientifically known as geodiversity). These kind of heritage sites often serve as an important component in a country's tourist industry, attracting many visitors from abroad as well as locally. Heritage can also include cultural landscapes, meaning natural features that may have cultural attributes. Some of the cultural features of these protected areas are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.

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Open Access

Studies about the fertilization regime on some ornamental species cultivate din indoor green walls systems

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Vâșcă Zamfir, Diana; Pomohaci, Cristian-Mihai; Ruță, Simona-Ioana

Green walls have been promoted in particular for the benefits they bring in the climate parameters, such as heat and sound insulating effects or pollutants and particulate filter (European Commision, 2012, Iliescu 2003, Nita, 2016).As the green walls are still relatively uncommon and used in Romania, the main objective of this research was to study the behavior of several ornamental indoor, decorative habitus and leaf species,on a fertilization regime with different fertilizers, reflected in the evolution of the main characteristics defining their decorative potential in the specific limiting conditions of a plant wall culture.The range of ornamental indoor decorative habitus and foliage species was as follows: Hedera helix, Ophyopogon jaburan, Tillandsia cyanea,Nephrolepis cordifolia, Tradescantia zebrina, Clorophytum comosum, Spatiphylium walisii.

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Open Access

Research concerning the pathogens control on melons crops in the field

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Șovărel, Gabriela; Costache, Marcel; Cenușă, Ana-Emilia; Scurtu, Ion; Călin, Maria

The melons crops in the field crops are frequently attacked byPseudoperonospora cubensis (downy mildew) Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew) and Alternaria cucumerina (alternaria leaf spot).For controlling of these pathogens there were experimented different mixture between fungicides: Melody Compact 49 WG, Ortiva 250 SC, Bravo 500 SC and Dithane M 45 WP with Score 250 SC or Orius 25 EW.For controlling of pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis the best results were obtained with following mixtures: Melody Compact 49 WG 0.2 % + Score 250 SC 0,05 % and Melody Compact 40 WG 0,2 % + Orius 25 EW 0.05 %, with 97.7% efficacy and respectively 95.2 %.For controlling of pathogen Sphaerotheca fuliginea the best results were obtained with following mixtures: Ortiva 250 SC 0,075 % + Score 250 SC 0,05 % and Ortiva 250 SC 0,075 % + Orius 25 EW 0.05 % with 100 % efficacy. The same variants gave good results in controlling of pathogen Alternaria cucumerina, with 91.8 % efficacy and respectively 89.8 %.

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Open Access

Efficacy evaluation of certain "bio" products on powdery mildew pathogens on tomatoes and melons in laboratory conditions

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Șovărel, Gabriela; Costache, Marcel; Scurtu, Ion; Velea, M.

The purpose of this experimentwas to study the biological efficacy of "bio"products Mimoten 0.3% (80% Mimosa tenuifolia extract) and Zytron 0.15%(20% citric seeds extract), ontomatoes and melons against Erysiphe sp. and Sphaerotheca fuliginea, respectively. The experiments were carried out in "wet chambers" (in thermostat at 26± 20C and 60 -70% RH) on detached leaves with similarlevels ofthe attackdegreefrom tomato and melonsplants attacked by Erysiphe sp. on tomatoes and Sphaerotheca fuliginea onmelons. The combination of Mimoten 0.3% + Zytron 0.15% products had the best efficacy incontrollingof both pathogensErysiphe sp.on tomatoes(76.3%) and Sphaerotheca fuliginea on melons (65.4%).

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Open Access

Research on biodiversity conservation and management in the viticultural agroecosystem in the Dealul Bujorului vineyard

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Tabaranu, Gabriel; Enache, Viorica; Donici, Alina; Bîrliga, N.

The paper presents the research carried out at the Bujoru Viticulture and Wine Research and Development Station between 2015 and 2016. Research has focused on conservation and enhancement of functional and planned biodiversity through the implementation of all bio-resources of the greenhouse system and multifunctional protection areas, which are conducive to reducing the pathological risks and reducing external inputs (diesel, pesticides). Assessment of the state of conservation of biodiversity in the viticultural ecosystem of pogoria Dealul Bujorului.Biodiversity is a specific feature of our planet that ensures the optimal functioning of ecosystems, the existence and development of the biosphere in general. Lately, the issue of protecting biodiversity at ecosystems, species and populations has become increasingly vital to reducing the human impact on the biosphere. The viticultural ecosystem is defined as the functional unitof biosphere created and controlled by man in order to obtain high yields of grapes, of high quality and in more economical and socially advantageous conditions.

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Open Access

Biochemical and microbiological study concerning identification role of hydrolase activities from Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma koningii in pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum inhibition

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Radhi, M.N.; Petrișor, Cristina; Roșca, Ioan; Bazool Farhood, Hattf; Crăciun, N.; Stoian, Gheorghe

The genus Trichoderma are a very large group of microorganisms that play a significant role in plant protection. Several Trichoderma spp. like Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma koningii strongly affected plants by stimulating plant growth, and protecting plants from fungal and bacterial pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum. They are used as a biological plant protection as bio fungicides.Members of the Trichoderma spp. are also utilized in different branches of industry -principally in the areas of enzymes, antibiotics, and other metabolites. In this study we focus in the effect of T. harzianum strain ICCF 417 and T. koningiistrain ICCF 418 on F. oxysporum(ZUM 2407) by microbiologic and enzymatic tests. Where the results of fungal growth speed of the malt medium showed that the fungus T. koningiiwas the fastest in growing, followed by T. harzianumand F. oxysporumafter 72 hours of culture. While the degree of antagonism was 1 according to Bell scale in petri dish on the PDA medium the ability of fungi T. harzianum and T. koningiito overcome on fungus F. oxysporum. The results of the study showed the susceptibility of bio-fungi on production of an enzyme FPase was 32.3 % in T. harzianum comparative toT. koningii after 14 days of fermentation, the amylase was 84.5% in T. harzianum comparative toT. koningii while the CMCase was 36.6 % inT. harzianum comparative toT. koningii.Our results showed that hydrolase activities studied in this experiment play an important role in pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum inhibition and the degree of effect is different.

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Open Access

The biodiversity study of the entomofauna (superfamily Pentatomoidea-Heteroptera) from Băneasa forest, Bucharest

(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017) Ghinescu Stoicescu, Dana-Cristina; Roșca, Ioan

Among the factors that cause biodiversity loss, human activity in the sensitive ecosystem of forests can be easily monitored. The research carried out during 2016 focused on the study of Heteroptera,superfamily Pentatomoidea fauna in the Baneasa forest, where the natural environment was modified by human intervention through both recreational activity and constructions, insect collection being made by mowing with the entomological net, determining the structure of the systematic groups of the Heteroptera identified in the Baneasa forest, and a characterization of the zoogeographical origin of the species. In the Baneasa forest, the area hardly affected by the human activity, but less researched in terms of Heteroptera fauna, 52species of Pentatomoideawere found, in our opinion 12seem to originate from Manchurian refuge Usuric subcenter, 37 of the Mediterranean arboreal refuge, 2 come from the Caucasian arborealrefuge and one species couldoriginate from the eremial Aralo-Caspic refuge (Turanic).

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