2025

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.iuls.ro/handle/20.500.12811/7179

Browse

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13

listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Can remote sensing vegetation indices be used in identifying erosion-prone areas?
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Ruben, Miron; Vasiliniuc, Ionuț
In this study six vegetation indices were analyzed for Tutova Hills, years 2014-2023, highlighting spatio-temporal variations in the health of vegetation, soil moisture and surface temperatures, parameters directly correlated with land susceptibility to erosion. Of the six indices, the one with the highest accuracy in detecting water stress and implicit areas with moisture deficit was NDII. This index correlates very well with high soil water content and the health of the vegetation, which makes it accurate in estimating the risk of erosion. The conclusion is that such indices can be highly useful in predicting erosion-prone areas, because vegetation cover plays a major role in stabilizing soil and reducing erosion risk, being frequently integrated in erosion prediction models, from estimating RUSLE C-factor to temporal analyses or machine learning programs. Still, there are limitations related to data accuracy, but mostly to the need for an extensive field validation.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Research on the current status of the geodesic base for monitoring displacements at dams
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Rusu, Bogdan; Luca, Mihail
Monitoring displacements at storage dams requires the presence of a geodetic network of a certain complexity. Dams in Romania were built over long periods of time, and most of them have an operating life of over 50-70 years. The geodetic network for monitoring displacements at these dams was executed according to the topographic plans existing at the time of design. At the current stage, the movement tracking system at a dam is carried out using the microtriangulation method. This system must be updated and optimized for the use of modern data acquisition equipment, for their rapid processing and transmission to decision-makers. Research conducted on a series of dams in eastern Romania has highlighted a series of problems that create a risk in the classic monitoring of dam displacements. A main problem at a series of dams is the updating of topographic plans, the geodetic tracking network and the equipment provided. Satellite techniques for taking over geodetic data are effective for monitoring displacements in "real time". Real-time monitoring of parameters at a dam allows for rapid intervention in assessing a risk and adopting safety measures. To this end, the current geodetic networks of dams must be analyzed and modernized by attaching modern equipment and software that can take over real-time displacements.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Study of the behavior of some simple mixtures of grasses and perennial legumes under climate change conditions
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Grigoraș, Bogdan-Ioan; Nazare, Adrian-Ilie; Chirilă, Mihaela; Vîntu, Vasile; Costel Samuil
Romania has over 4.8 million hectares of permanent grasslands. Permanent grasslands contribute little to animal feed compared to temporary grasslands because they are of poor quality and produce low yields without proper management. Sown temporary grasslands are a good alternative to degraded or deteriorating permanent grasslands, providing high-quality feed in terms of both quantity and quality. To establish the relationship between species in a given pedoclimatic area, periodic research is required to develop and standardize new mixtures of perennial grasses and legumes. This experiment was conducted at the Ezăreni farm of the University of Life Sciences from Iasi. Observations within the sown variants focused on the number of shoots per m², plant height at harvest and dry matter production per hectare. In the first year of vegetation, a single mowing was performed, and yields ranged from 2446.1 kg/ha for variant a6 to 4653.0 kg/ha for variant a1. The average number of shoots/m² in the first year of vegetation ranged from 632 shoots/m² in variant a1 to 2,757 shoots/m² in the case of the mixture variant a9. In the first year of vegetation, high yields were recorded in the variants where Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. accounted for more than 50% of the crop.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Study of the installation rate of some species and mixtures for lawns
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Chirilă, Mihaela; Grigoraș, Bogdan-Ioan; Nazare, Adrian-Ilie; Samuil, Costel; Vîntu, Vasile
The evolution of society has led to an increase in aesthetic and functional requirements, which has transformed lawns into an essential element for enhancing everyday comfort. The considerable expansion of lawn-covered areas in recent decades reflects the reinterpretation of natural lawns in a modernized version, corresponding to current functional and aesthetic requirements. The purpose of this study is to monitor the growth rate of five mixtures and two species in pure lawn culture: a1-Speedy Green (100% Lolium perenne); a2- SuperSport (50% Lolium perenne+50% Poa pratensis); a3-RPR Sport (50% Lolium perenne RPR+50% Lolium perenne); a4-Bar Power RPR (30% Lolium perenne RPR+25% Lolium perenne+ 30% Festuca rubra commutata+15% Festuca rubra); a5-Resilient Blue Lawn (25% Lolium perenne + 45% Festuca trichophylla, Festuca rubra rubra, Festuca rubra commutata + 30% Poa pratensis); a6- Resilient Blue Sport (30% Poa pratensis with YJWM + 46% Lolium perenne + 24% Lolium perenne RPR); a7- Turf Clover (100% Trifolium repens), under the conditions of the urban area of Iași. The observations were made visually and expressed with scores, according to the NTEP (National Turfgrass Evaluation Program) rating scale. Observations were made at intervals of 20, 25, 30, and 90 days after sowing, representing the ability of the species in the mixture or pure crops to cover the entire surface in the shortest possible time. According to the observations made to monitor the rate of establishment, the best germination was recorded in variant a7-Turf Clover (100% Trifolium repens), with a score of 8 at 90 days after sowing, and the slowest germination was recorded in variant a5-Resilient Blue Lawn (25% Lolium perenne + 45% Festuca trichophylla, Festuca rubra rubra, Festuca rubra commutata + 30% Poa pratensis) with an average score of 2.33 at 20 days after sowing.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The quality of the green mass and hay from Vicia tenuifolia in the Republic of Moldova
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Țîței, Victor
The goal of this research was to determine the quality indices of harvested green mass and hay from the local ecotype of the perennial leguminous species, fine-leaf vetch (Vicia tenuifolia), maintained in monoculture in the experimental plot of the NBGI MSU Chişinău. The biochemical composition and nutritive value of the dry matter of the harvested green mass were as follows: 200 g/kg CP, 118 g/kg ash, 305 g/kg CF, 313 g/kg ADF, 488 g/kg NDF, 44 g/kg ADL, and 95 g/kg TSS, with 65.1% DMD, 12.79 MJ/kg DE, 10.50 MJ/kg ME, and 6.52 MJ/kg NEl. The studied fine-leaf vetch hay contained: 195 g/kg CP, 121 g/kg ash, 309 g/kg CF, 331 g/kg ADF, 505 g/kg NDF, 48 g/kg ADL, and 78 g/kg TSS, with 63.1% DMD, 12.43 MJ/kg DE, 10.21 MJ/kg ME, and 6.22 MJ/kg NEl. The studied substrates for biogas production had a favourable carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N = 14–18), and the estimated biomethane potential varied from 343 to 350 l/kg organic dry matter. The results indicate the potential use of the harvested green mass and prepared hay from the local ecotype of Vicia tenuifolia as feed for livestock, as well as substrates in biogas reactors for biomethane production as a renewable energy source.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The elements of potential soil fertility relating to winter wheat production in the northern agricultural area of the republic of Moldova
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Andriucă, Valentina; Dubiţ, Daniela; Cazmalî, Nicolai; Racoviţa, Gheorghe
The Northern Development Region of the Republic of Moldova (NDR) includes 11 administrative districts (Briceni, Edineţ, Donduşeni, Drochia, Făleşti, Floreşti, Glodeni, Ocniţa, Rîşcani, Sângerei, Soroca), including the municipality of Bălţi. The NDR corresponds to the Northern Agricultural Zone, representing 32.9% of the total area of the Republic of Moldova. The area has significant potential in the cultivation of the main strategic and export crops of the region - wheat, corn, sunflower and others, an area characterized by highly fertile soils - chernozems, with favorable grades of soil creditworthiness. In food security, the soil represents an important link regarding the fertility and productivity of cultivated crops. Currently, these are vulnerable to climate change and the risks that accompany them, including high temperatures during critical phases of plant development, lack of moisture in the soil due to insufficient atmospheric precipitation, lack of nutritional elements for plants and others. The elements of potential fertility with a determining role in food security are climatic conditions and soil characteristics: texture, organic matter content (humus), nutrients - NPK, which as a whole will determine the physical, hydro-physical characteristics and the conditions for plant growth and development. These characteristics have a major role in the accumulation, mobility and storage of moisture reserves, providing the plant with water and nutrients. In 2025, along with production, the quality of winter wheat on loamy-clay and clay-loamy leached chernozems was also researched. The comparative evaluation on several polygons highlighted varieties with high protein content (10.5%), gluten (26%), Zeleny index (56 ml), compared to agrocenoses characterized by low protein indices – 8.1%, gluten – 16%, Zeleny index – 38ml.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The quality indices of energy biomass from some Brassicaceae species in Moldova
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Guțu, Ana; Țîței, Victor
The Brassicaceae family includes many economically important species used as edible crops, industrial oilseeds, spices, fodder, and vegetables. This study was aimed to determine the quality indices of energy biomass from four Brassicaceae species - Brassica napus, Bunias orientalis, Isatis tinctoria, and Sinapis alba - grown in the experimental plots of the “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute) of Moldova State University, Chișinău. The lignocellulosic composition of the harvested biomass showed that the dry matter contained 401-424 g/kg of cellulose, 191-226 g/kg of hemicellulose, and 83 88 g/kg of acid detergent lignin. The theoretical ethanol yield from cell wall carbohydrates was estimated to range from 430 to 473 L/t. The biochemical methane potential of the substrates varied from 232 to 268 L/kg of organic dry matter, indicating their suitability as co-substrates in biogas production systems. The physical and mechanical properties of the biomass included: ash content of 5.48-6.40%, 18.34-18.60 MJ/kg higher heating value, and 17.00-17.40 MJ/kg lower heating value. These characteristics suggest that the studied species can also serve as suitable feedstock for the production of solid densified fuels such as pellets.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The quality parameters of green biomass from eastern galega – a new leguminous crop in Moldova
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Guțu, Ana; Țîței, Victor
The goal of this study was to determine the quality parameters of green biomass from eastern galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) which is a new leguminous crop grown under the agroecological conditions of the Republic of Moldova. The research was conducted on the newly developed local cultivar ‘Sofia’, grown in monoculture on the experimental plots of the National Botanical Garden Institute of the Moldova State University (NBGI MSU), Chişinău. The quality parameters of dry matter from the first cut were: 172-200 g/kg crude protein, 114-133 g/kg ash, 333-355 g/kg crude fiber, 335-390 g/kg acid detergent fiber, 542-636 g/kg neutral detergent fiber, 49-58 g/kg acid detergent lignin, 297-341 g/kg cellulose, 187-246 g/kg hemicellulose. Digestibility parameters included 58.5-62.8% DMD, RFV= 90-108, 9.53-10.16 MJ/kg ME and 5.55 6.18 MJ/kg NEl. The biochemical biomethane potential of eastern galega substrates ranged from 324 to 353 L/kg volatile solids. The quality indices of the green biomass harvested from new local cultivar ‘Sofia’ of Galega orientalis indicate that it can be successfully used in livestock feed rations as well as substrates for renewable energy production.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The evaluation of the quality indices of - agricultural residues-straw of some Poaceae species
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Gadibadi, Mihai; Țîței, Victor
The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality indices of agricultural residues straws of Avena nuda, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta, Zea mays saccharata collected in the experimental plot of the NBGI Chişinău. It has been found that biochemical composition of the collected dry phytomass was 47-64 g/kg CP, 38-72 g/kg ash, 382-473 g/kg CF, 407-501 g/kg ADF, 692-797 g/kg NDF, 38-64 g/kg ADL, 369-437 g/kg Cel, 254-299 g/kg HC. The forage value of studied straws was 49.9-57.2% DMD, 8.26-9.37 MJ/kg ME, 4.28-5.35 MJ/kg NEl. The substrates from studied straws achieved biochemical biomethane potential 271-309 L/kg organic dry matter and theoretical ethanol yield averaged 476-523 L/t organic dry matter. The net calorific value of studied straws varied from 14.7 to16.4 MJ/kg.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Causative agents of root rot in winter wheat
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Lupașcu, Galina; Cristea, Nicolae; Mihnea, Nadejda
Knowledge of the composition of fungal species that cause root rot in common wheat is of great importance for the development of correct protection measures and serves as methodological support in pathogen resistance screening systems. In our research, 14 fungal species involved in the development of the disease in 2024 under the conditions of the Republic of Moldova were recorded. An increase in the frequency of the fungi Fusarium culmorum (24%) and F. equiseti (31.8%) was reported. Cluster analysis demonstrated the important role of the variety in the frequency of fungal spread. It was found that one of the most widespread causative agents of root rot – Fusarium oxysporum can cause both inhibition and stimulation of plant growth, as well as a change in the spectrum of phenotypic classes in segregating F2 populations. The orientation of the crossing of the parents when creating F1 wheat hybrids significantly influences the reaction of plants to the pathogen, but also their variability in terms of growth and development traits.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Salt accumulation in polytunnel soils under tomato cultivation irrigated with surface water
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Bolohan, Diana-Elena; Răus, Lucian
Tomatoes cultivated in polytunnels require frequent irrigation due to high evapotranspiration rates and intensive production. When surface water from rivers or lakes is used, its elevated mineral content can gradually lead to soil salinization and structural alterations. The accumulation of salts in the root zone negatively affects tomato growth and yield, mainly by reducing water uptake and causing nutrient imbalances. This study investigates salt accumulation in the soil over the course of one growing season in a polytunnel located in Iași County, Romania. Soil samples collected before and after the season confirmed a progressive buildup of salts, highlighting the long-term risks associated with the repeated use of mineral-rich surface water in protected tomato cultivation systems. Every two weeks, analyses of irrigation water samples revealed carbonate concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 me/L, with maximum values of 2.85 me/L, and bicarbonate concentrations between 2.34 and 5.81 me/L. The results suggest that even within a single cultivation cycle, measurable salinization can occur, potentially predisposing soils to degradation over time.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Soil health under conventional and minimum-tillage practice: soil carbon storage and nutrient use
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Cara, Irina-Gabriela; Țopa, Denis-Constantin; Miron, Liviu-Dan; Jităreanu, Gerard
Tillage is a fundamental soil practice that impacts various soil characteristics. However, the impact of tillage on soil health is complex and context-specific. Our study aimed to evaluate the soil carbon sequestration and nutrient use of two different tillage practices: conventional and minimum-tillage, at various depths ranging from 0 to 30 cm, using a chernozem soil type. The results of our study are consistent with the hypothesis that, over time, minimum-tillage typically boosts soil health in the 0-10 cm soil layer. Compared to the conventional practice (19.36 t C ha-1), there was a significant accumulation of soil organic carbon (0-30 cm) in the minimum-tillage practice (23.21 t C ha-1). Below 10 cm depth, the soil organic carbon stocks are close to those of the conventional layer (0-30 cm). Total nitrogen (TN), available potassium (AK), and phosphorus (AP) content in 0-10 cm depth under minimum-tillage practice were 19.5%, 2%, and 3%, respectively, compared to the conventional treatment. Overall, the values of TN, AP and AK decreased with depth within the soil profiles as a consequence of soil practice and minimum disturbance. The data indicate that minimum tillage is a sustainable and effective management practice that maintains soil health, promotes soil carbon increase, and facilitates efficient nutrient use.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The influence of soil tillage systems on bulk density in the Braila Island
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Titianu, Matei; Aostăcioaei, Tudor-George; Mihu, Gabriel-Dumitru; Țopa, Denis; Jităreanu, Gerard
The paper analyzes the influence of three soil tillage systems: conventional (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT) on bulk density values, under the specific conditions of alluvial soils in the Great Island of Brăila, an area with unique soil characteristics, characterized by high textural variability and a marked degree of heterogeneity. The study was based on a field experiment in which soil samples were collected from four depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm) at two key moments: three days after sowing and immediately after harvesting. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory according to the Canarache method (1991), and the bulk density values were correlated with the tillage system applied. The results showed a progressive increase in bulk density with depth. At sowing, the lowest values were recorded in MT (1.09 g/cm³), and at harvest, NT recorded the highest values (1.22 g/cm³) at a depth of 0 10 cm. However, all values determined were below the critical threshold of 1.4 g/cm³, indicating that none of the systems led to compaction harmful to root development. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed no significant differences between the tillage systems. The study confirms that the application of conservative systems does not adversely affect the physical structure of the soil and can be a viable alternative for the sustainable management of alluvial soils, while also offering stable and high agronomic potential.

Browse

Recent Submissions