2025

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.iuls.ro/handle/20.500.12811/7179

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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Causative agents of root rot in winter wheat
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Lupașcu, Galina; Cristea, Nicolae; Mihnea, Nadejda
Knowledge of the composition of fungal species that cause root rot in common wheat is of great importance for the development of correct protection measures and serves as methodological support in pathogen resistance screening systems. In our research, 14 fungal species involved in the development of the disease in 2024 under the conditions of the Republic of Moldova were recorded. An increase in the frequency of the fungi Fusarium culmorum (24%) and F. equiseti (31.8%) was reported. Cluster analysis demonstrated the important role of the variety in the frequency of fungal spread. It was found that one of the most widespread causative agents of root rot – Fusarium oxysporum can cause both inhibition and stimulation of plant growth, as well as a change in the spectrum of phenotypic classes in segregating F2 populations. The orientation of the crossing of the parents when creating F1 wheat hybrids significantly influences the reaction of plants to the pathogen, but also their variability in terms of growth and development traits.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Salt accumulation in polytunnel soils under tomato cultivation irrigated with surface water
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Bolohan, Diana-Elena; Răus, Lucian
Tomatoes cultivated in polytunnels require frequent irrigation due to high evapotranspiration rates and intensive production. When surface water from rivers or lakes is used, its elevated mineral content can gradually lead to soil salinization and structural alterations. The accumulation of salts in the root zone negatively affects tomato growth and yield, mainly by reducing water uptake and causing nutrient imbalances. This study investigates salt accumulation in the soil over the course of one growing season in a polytunnel located in Iași County, Romania. Soil samples collected before and after the season confirmed a progressive buildup of salts, highlighting the long-term risks associated with the repeated use of mineral-rich surface water in protected tomato cultivation systems. Every two weeks, analyses of irrigation water samples revealed carbonate concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 me/L, with maximum values of 2.85 me/L, and bicarbonate concentrations between 2.34 and 5.81 me/L. The results suggest that even within a single cultivation cycle, measurable salinization can occur, potentially predisposing soils to degradation over time.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Soil health under conventional and minimum-tillage practice: soil carbon storage and nutrient use
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Cara, Irina-Gabriela; Țopa, Denis-Constantin; Miron, Liviu-Dan; Jităreanu, Gerard
Tillage is a fundamental soil practice that impacts various soil characteristics. However, the impact of tillage on soil health is complex and context-specific. Our study aimed to evaluate the soil carbon sequestration and nutrient use of two different tillage practices: conventional and minimum-tillage, at various depths ranging from 0 to 30 cm, using a chernozem soil type. The results of our study are consistent with the hypothesis that, over time, minimum-tillage typically boosts soil health in the 0-10 cm soil layer. Compared to the conventional practice (19.36 t C ha-1), there was a significant accumulation of soil organic carbon (0-30 cm) in the minimum-tillage practice (23.21 t C ha-1). Below 10 cm depth, the soil organic carbon stocks are close to those of the conventional layer (0-30 cm). Total nitrogen (TN), available potassium (AK), and phosphorus (AP) content in 0-10 cm depth under minimum-tillage practice were 19.5%, 2%, and 3%, respectively, compared to the conventional treatment. Overall, the values of TN, AP and AK decreased with depth within the soil profiles as a consequence of soil practice and minimum disturbance. The data indicate that minimum tillage is a sustainable and effective management practice that maintains soil health, promotes soil carbon increase, and facilitates efficient nutrient use.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The influence of soil tillage systems on bulk density in the Braila Island
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, 2025) Titianu, Matei; Aostăcioaei, Tudor-George; Mihu, Gabriel-Dumitru; Țopa, Denis; Jităreanu, Gerard
The paper analyzes the influence of three soil tillage systems: conventional (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT) on bulk density values, under the specific conditions of alluvial soils in the Great Island of Brăila, an area with unique soil characteristics, characterized by high textural variability and a marked degree of heterogeneity. The study was based on a field experiment in which soil samples were collected from four depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm) at two key moments: three days after sowing and immediately after harvesting. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory according to the Canarache method (1991), and the bulk density values were correlated with the tillage system applied. The results showed a progressive increase in bulk density with depth. At sowing, the lowest values were recorded in MT (1.09 g/cm³), and at harvest, NT recorded the highest values (1.22 g/cm³) at a depth of 0 10 cm. However, all values determined were below the critical threshold of 1.4 g/cm³, indicating that none of the systems led to compaction harmful to root development. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed no significant differences between the tillage systems. The study confirms that the application of conservative systems does not adversely affect the physical structure of the soil and can be a viable alternative for the sustainable management of alluvial soils, while also offering stable and high agronomic potential.

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