2024

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listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The Influence of Farnesol and Tyrosol on Candida spp. Virulence Traits
(MDPI, 2024-12-31) Ciurea, Cristina Nicoleta; Mare, Anca Delia; Mareș, Mihai; Toma, Felicia; Kosovski, Irina-Bianca; Cighir, Anca; Man, Adrian
Introduction: Intercellular communication helps regulate the cell density and the virulence traits in yeasts and bacteria. The study aims to identify the effects of quorum sensing molecules (QSMs) like farnesol and tyrosol on Candida spp. virulence traits. Methods: The effects of farnesol and tyrosol were studied on the growth rate of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Candida auris, and Candida guilliermondii at different time points, on a 48 hours incubation period. The growth rate was assessed spectrophotometrically. The biofilm formation abilities of Candida spp. were assessed by crystal violet staining technique. Moreover, the expression of C. albicans virulence genes (ALS3, HSP70, SAP2) was analyzed as a response to 100 µM farnesol and tyrosol, by RT-PCR. Results: Generally, farnesol was found to inhibit the growth rate and biofilm formation mostly in non-albicans species, while tyrosol exerted a non-consistent response on the different Candida species. The expression of ALS3 and HSP70 in C. albicans was upregulated by the QSMs. Conclusions: Both farnesol and tyrosol are involved in the regulation of Candida spp. virulence mechanisms, dependent on the used concentration and exposure time and in a species-dependent manner
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Evaluating the Use of Grape Pomace in Cyprinus carpio Nutrition: Effects on Growth, Biochemistry, Meat Quality, Microbiota, and Oxidative Status
(MDPI, 2024-06-07) Barbacariu, Cristian-Alin; Dîrvariu, Lenuța; Șerban, Dana Andreea; Rîmbu, Cristina-Mihaela; Horhogea, Cristina-Elena; Dumitru, Gabriela; Todirașcu-Ciornea, Elena; Lungoci, Constantin; Burducea, Marian
This study investigated the effects of incorporating grape pomace (GP) into fish diets on the growth performance, physiological parameters, and biochemical composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). A total of 180 carp, with an average initial weight of 65 g, were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). They were divided into a control group (C), fed with a diet containing 0% GP, and two experimental groups (V1 and V2), fed with diets containing 5% and 10% GP, respectively. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. Results revealed that most growth parameters were not significantly affected by GP inclusion, except for a notable difference in the hepatosomatic index (HSI), indicating an impact on liver size relative to body weight. The biochemical analysis of carp meat showed significant differences in moisture, protein, fat, collagen, and salt content between the control and experimental groups. Furthermore, the oxidative status assessment indicated that GP supplementation modulates oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation pathways in carp, enhancing their antioxidant defenses and overall health. Microbiological examination of the carp intestinal content showed that GP inclusion in fish diets influenced microbial parameters, particularly affecting the abundance of aerobic germs and Enterobacteriaceae.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
An Assessment ofWest Nile and Usutu Viruses’ Seroprevalence in Hospitalized Patients: A Preliminary Study on Flavivirus Exposure in Eastern Romania
(MDPI, 2024-01-31) Crivei, Luciana-Alexandra; Vată, Andrei; Teodor, Dănuț; Porea, Daniela; Cozma, Andreea-Paula; Aniță, Adriana; Oșlobanu, Luanda-Elena; Moroșan, Șerban; Savuța, Gheorghe
WNV and USUV are closely related epornitic flaviviruses transmitted by Culex mosquitoes which can cause febrile and neurodegenerative disease in humans. The impact of both viruses on public health has increased in the recent decades. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of WNV and USUV in hospitalized patients from eastern Romania who did not show symptoms corresponding to the case definition. Methods: Human blood samples from the hospitalized patients were collected in 2015 and from April to September 2019 in Iasi County, Romania. The samples were screened by ELISA for anti-WNV IgG, IgM, and anti-USUV IgG antibodies. Results: A cumulative seroprevalence of 3.4% was recorded for anti-WNV IgG antibodies and 9.1% for anti-WNV IgM. No sample was positive for anti-USUV antibodies. Conclusion: The cumulative seroprevalence observed provides support for the consideration of WNV as being endemic in the east of Romania. The absence of anti-USUV antibodies may be related to cross-reactivity and cohort size, thus, USUV should be considered in clinical practice and become an objective for active surveillance in Romania.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Bacteriological load in Holstein Friesian cows with dystocia
(Frontiers Media, 2024-12-11) Nechifor, Florin; Ciornei, Ștefan-Gregore; Roșca, Petru
The research took place on a farm in North-Eastern Romania with Holstein Friesian cows aged between 3 and 9 years. Bacteriological investigations were carried out throughout the year 2023, on a total of 35 cows, including 25 multiparous cows and 10 primiparous cows, 23 cows had eutocic parturitions and 12 cows had dystocic parturitions, during the first 3 weeks postpartum. In the case of dystocic parturition, biological samples yielded isolates including 9.3% strains classified as Staphylococcus, 8.1% strains of Escherichia coli, 4.1% strains of Arcanobacterium, and 2.3% strains of Klebsiella. Other bacterial types were identified in lesser proportions. In the case of eutocic parturition, Escherichia coli was most frequently isolated: 18.6% of the isolated bacterial strains, followed by 5.8% Pseudomonas spp., 4.6% Enterococcus spp., 4.6% Streptococcus species, 3.5% Staphylococcus spp., and Corynebacterium spp., and 2.3% Arcanobacterium spp. It is noted that on the 7th day of puerperium, the mean value of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was 74 × 104 CFU/mL in normal calving cows compared to 29 × 106 CFU/mL in cows with dystocia. The total number of recorded germs increases significantly during the first 14 days postpartum in all cases, higher levels being shown in cows with dystocic calving. For statistical analysis, the independent t-test (p < 0.05) was made by using the SPSS 16 software. The object of the research is the bacteriological load in Holstein Friesian cows depending on the type of eutocic parturition/dystocia.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Searching for a Better Animal Model for Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforation
(MDPI, 2024-05-11) Bularda, Dragoș; Șerban, Roxana; Butnaru, Corina; Mareș, Mihai; Burtan, Liviu-Cătălin; Rădulescu, Luminița; Mârțu, Cristian
Chronic tympanic membrane perforation represents a prevalent otological condition, necessitating a reliable animal model for the validation and safety assessment of surgical techniques and materials employed in myringoplasty. This prospective study involved the establishment of chronic tympanic membrane perforation animal models in 16 chinchillas. A thermic myringotomy was conducted on the right ear (study group), followed by cold instrument myringotomy, coupled with the topical application of mitomycin C and dexamethasone solution on the left ear (control group). Results revealed that tympanic membrane perforations in the study group persisted for a minimum of 4 weeks in 93.7% of cases and extended to 12 weeks in 62.5% of the cases. In contrast, all tympanic membrane perforations in the control group were present at 4 weeks, with only 37.5% persisting after 12 weeks, although statistical tests did not find significant differences between the two groups (chi-square: p-value = 0.157, Kruskal–Wallis: p-value = 0.093, Mann–Whitney: p-value = 0.121). The thermic myringotomy employed to induce chronic tympanic membrane perforation in animals demonstrated efficiency and sustainability. This model, characterized by stability and reproducibility, holds promise for future experimental applications in the field.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP) Treatment of Alfalfa Seeds in Different Voltage Conditions Leads to Both Positive and Inhibitory Outcomes Related to Sprout Growth and Nutraceutical Properties
(MDPI, 2024-04-19) Motrescu, Iuliana; Lungoci, Constantin; Calistru, Anca-Elena; Luchian, Camelia-Elena; Gocan, Tincuța-Marta; Rîmbu, Cristina-Mihaela; Bulgariu, Emilian; Ciolan, Mihai-Alexandru; Jităreanu, Gerard
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has proven to be a green method in the agricultural field for the stimulation of germination, growth, and production of nutraceutical compounds in some cases. However, the process is far from being fully understood and depends on the targeted plant species and the NTP used. In this work, we focus on the production of alfalfa sprouts from NTP-treated seeds under different voltage conditions. A flexible electrode configuration was used to produce the NTP, which can also be placed on packages for in-package treatments. The surface of the seeds was analyzed, indicating that the microstructure was strongly affected by NTP treatment. Biometric measurements evidenced the possibility of stimulating the sprout growth in some conditions by up to 50% compared to the sprouts obtained from untreated seeds. Biochemical traits for the sprouts obtained in different processing conditions were also studied, such as the concentrations of chlorophyll pigments, flavonoids and polyphenols, and antioxidant activity. Most NTP treatments led to inhibitory effects, proving the strong dependence between NTP treatment and targeted plant species.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Honey Enriched with Additives Alleviates Behavioral, Oxidative Stress, and Brain Alterations Induced by Heavy Metals and Imidacloprid in Zebrafish
(MDPI, 2024-10-31) Păduraru, Emanuela; Jijie, Roxana; Simionov, Ira-Adeline; Gavrilescu, Cristina-Maria; Ilie, Tudor; Iacob, Diana; Lupitu, Andreea; Moisa, Cristian; Mureșan, Claudia; Copolovici, Lucian; Copolovici, Dana M.; Mihalache, Gabriela; Lipșa, Florin-Daniel; Solcan, Gheorghe; Daneleț, Gabriela-Alexandra; Nicoară, Mircea; Ciobîcă, Alin-Stelian; Solcan, Carmen
Environmental concerns have consistently been a focal point for the scientific community. Pollution is a critical ecological issue that poses significant threats to human health and agricultural production. Contamination with heavy metals and pesticides is a considerable concern, a threat to the environment, and warrants special attention. In this study, we investigated the significant issues arising from sub-chronic exposure to imidacloprid (IMI), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), either alone or in combination, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model. Additionally, we assessed the potential protective effects of polyfloral honey enriched with natural ingredients, also called honey formulation (HF), against the combined sub-chronic toxic effects of the three contaminants. The effects of IMI (0.5 mg·L−1), Hg (15 μg·L−1), and Cd (5 μg·L−1), both individually and in combination with HF (500 mg·L−1), on zebrafish were evaluated by quantifying acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation (MDA), various antioxidant enzyme activities like superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (SOD and GPx), 2D locomotor activity, social behavior, histological and immunohistochemical factors, and changes in body element concentrations. Our findings revealed that all concentrations of pollutants may disrupt social behavior, diminish swimming performances (measured by total distance traveled, inactivity, and swimming speed), and elevate oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers of SOD, GPx, and MDA in zebrafish over the 21-day administration period. Fish exposed to IMI and Hg + Cd + IMI displayed severe lesions and increased GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein) and S100B (S100 calcium-binding protein B) protein expression in the optic tectum and cerebellum, conclusively indicating astrocyte activation and neurotoxic effects. Furthermore, PCNA (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen) staining revealed reduced cell proliferation in the IMI-exposed group, contrasting with intensified proliferation in the Hg + Cd group. The nervous system exhibited significant damage across all studied concentrations, confirming the observed behavioral changes. Moreover, HF supplementation significantly mitigated the toxicity induced by contaminants and reduced OS. Therefore, the exposure to chemical mixtures offers a more complete picture of adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems and the supplementation with bioactive compounds can help to reduce the toxicity induced by exposure to environmental pollutants.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Chitosan-Electrospun Fibers Encapsulating Norfloxacin: The Impact on the Biochemical, Oxidative and Immunological Profile in a Rats Burn Model
(MDPI, 2024-11-26) Coman, Corneliu-George; Anisiei, Alexandru; Cibotaru, Sandu; Ailincăi, Daniela; Pașca, Aurelian-Sorin; Chabot, Caroline; Gardikiotis, Ioannis; Mititelu-Tarțău, Liliana
This study investigates the impact of chitosan-based nanofibers on burn wound healing in a rat model. Two formulations of chitosan nanofibers were prepared through electrospinning. The formulations were then incorporated with different amounts of norfloxacin and underwent surface modifications with 2-formylphenylboronic acid. The burn model was applied to Wistar male rats by the contact method, using a heated steel rod attached to a thermocouple. The effectiveness of the nanofibers was tested against a negative control group and a standard commercial dressing (Atrauman Ag) on the described model and evaluated by wound diameter, histological analysis and biochemical profiling of systemic inflammatory markers. The results showed that chitosan-based dressings significantly accelerated burn healing compared to the control treatments. The high-concentration norfloxacin-infused chitosan coated with 2-formylphenylboronic acid’ groups exhibited significant improvements in wound closure and reduced inflammation compared to the other groups; antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx expression was significantly higher, p < 0.05, whereas pro-oxidative markers such as cortisol were lower (p < 0.05). Macroscopically, the wound area itself was significantly diminished in the chitosan-treated groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a histological evaluation indicated enhanced epithelialization and granulation tissue formation within the experiment time frame, while the biochemical panel revealed lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and lower leukocyte counts in the treated groups. These findings highlight the potential of the studied chitosan nanofibers as novel nanosystems for next-generation wound therapies, as well as the clinical utility of the novel chitosan fibers obtained by electrospinning technique.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Insights into the virome of Hyalomma marginatum in the Danube Delta: a major vector of Crimean‑Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Eastern Europe
(BioMed Central, 2024-11-22) Brătuleanu Baisan, Bianca-Elena; Chrétien, Delphine; Bigot, Thomas; Regnault, Beatrice; Pérot, Philippe; Savuța, Gheorghe; Eloit, Marc; Temmam, Sarah
Background Ticks are significant vectors of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. With approximately 900 tick species worldwide, many are expanding their geographical range due to changing socioeconomic and climate factors. The Danube Delta, one of Europe’s largest wetlands, is an ecosystem that, despite its ecological importance, remains understudied concerning the risk of introducing new tick-borne viruses. This region serves as a critical habitat for migratory birds, which can carry ticks over long distances, potentially introducing exotic tick species and their pathogens into the local ecosystem. Hyalomma marginatum ticks, the primary vector of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), are of particular concern due to their expanding presence in Europe and potential to spread other arboviruses. In addition to being the primary vector for CCHFV, Hyalomma sp. ticks are capable of transmitting other pathogens of medical and veterinary importance, including Dugbe virus, West Nile virus, African horse sickness virus, and Kyasanur forest disease virus. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the presence of Hyalomma sp. ticks while simultaneously surveilling arbovirus circulation in tick populations to mitigate the risk of arboviral outbreaks. Methods In this work, we used an RNA sequencing technique to analyze the virome of H. marginatum ticks collected from the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Romania, one of the major bird migration hubs from Africa to Europe. Results Among the viral taxa detected in H. marginatum ticks, sequences belonging to Volzhskoe tick virus (VTV), Balambala tick virus (BMTV) and Bole tick virus 4 (BTV4) were identified. In addition, we report the first identification of a novel Rhabdoviridae-related virus, Hyalomma marginatum rhabdovirus (HMRV). No CCHFV or any CCHFV-related nairovirus were detected in this study. Conclusions To summarize, detecting new viruses is essential for monitoring potential viral outbreaks. Our research expands the understanding of virus diversity in Eastern Europe, including the identification of novel viruses. This insight is crucial for monitoring viruses that may pose risks to both animal and human health, such as CCHFV.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Collection, Establishment and Assessment of Complex Human Osteocartilaginous Explants for Modeling Osteoarthritis
(MDPI, 2024-10-21) Dănceanu Zara, Camelia-Mihaela; Petrovici, Adriana; Lăbușcă, Luminița; Minuti, Anca-Emanuela; Stavilă, Cristina; Plămădeală, Petru; Tiron, Crina-Elena; Aniță, Dragoș-Constantin; Aniță, Adriana-Elena; Lupu, Nicoleta
With the increasing burden of osteoarthritis worldwide, cost efficient and reliable models are needed to enable the development of innovative therapies or therapeutic interventions. Ex vivo models have been identified as valuable modalities in translational research, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo models. Osteocartilaginous explants from Osteoarthritis (OA) patients offer an exquisite opportunity for studying OA progression and testing novel therapies. We describe the protocol for establishing human osteocartilaginous explants with or without co-culture of homologous synovial tissue. Furthermore, a detailed protocol for the assessment of explanted tissue in terms of protein content using Western blot and immunohistochemistry is provided. Commentaries regarding the technique of choice, possible variations and expected results are inserted.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Left Ventricular Apical Aneurysm in a Dog-A Case Report
(MDPI, 2024-11-26) Hrițcu, Ozana-Maria; Baisan, Radu-Andrei; Pașca, Aurelian-Sorin; Bocăneți Daraban, Florentina
The cadaver of a 16-year-old mixed-breed male dog was presented to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of IULS, Romania, after having been euthanized in a private practice at the owner’s request following acute cardio-respiratory failure. The necropsy revealed a left ventricular apical aneurysm with a bulging fibrous sac measuring about 0.7 cm/0.3 cm. The lesion involved all three structures of the cardiac wall, with mineralization areas and neovascularization. Immunohistochemistry showed strong positivity for desmin and weak positivity for CD-31 in the cardiac muscle fibers, positivity for α-sma in the smooth muscle cells of the vascular walls and positivity for vimentin in the cardiac stroma. MMP-2 and MMP-9 showed strong expression in the cardiomyocytes, whereas TIMP-1 showed positive immunoexpression only in the Eberth’s lines. To the authors’ knowledge, left ventricular apical aneurysm has only been reported once in dogs.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Biosynthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Using Geum urbanum L. Rhizome Extracts and Their Biological Efficiency
(Springer, 2024-07-15) Macovei, Irina; Harabagiu, Valeria; Burlec, Ana-Flavia; Mircea, Cornelia; Horhogea, Cristina-Elena; Rîmbu, Cristina-Mihaela; Săcărescu, Liviu; Panainte, Alina-Diana; Miron, Anca; Hăncianu, Monica; Nechita, Constantin; Corciova, Andreia
The present study evaluates the biosynthesis of AgNPs and AuNPs using aqueous and ethanolic Geum urbanum L. rhizome extracts. The biosynthesized metal nanoparticles (MNPs) were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, DLS, SEM, EDX, and TEM. The UV-Vis spectra confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs and AuNPs through peaks corresponding to the surface plasmon effect of metallic Ag (400–430 nm) and Au (530–570 nm). FTIR analysis indicated that alcohols, phenols, proteins, and carbohydrates from G. urbanum rhizome extracts composition are involved in MNPs synthesis. In DLS analysis, AgNPs (34.26–41.14 nm) showed smaller hydrodynamic diameters than AuNPs (46.26–70.29 nm). At the same time, all values for zeta potential were negative, between − 21 and − 13 mV, suggesting good stabilities for all the colloidal MNPs systems in dispersion. TEM analysis showed that the biosynthesized AgNPs had a spherical morphology, while AuNPs were quasi-spherical, polygonal, and triangular. According to TEM data, AgNPs synthesized using aqueous and ethanolic G. urbanum rhizome extracts were characterized by mean diameters of 9.82 ± 3.68 and 14.29 ± 3.46 nm, while AuNPs by 15.88 ± 6.28 and 24.89 ± 10.75 nm, respectively. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of metallic Ag and Au in the MNPs composition by detecting strong signals at 3 (AgNPs) and 2.2 keW (AuNPs). In disc diffusion assay, MNPs showed good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (S. aureus MSSA, S. aureus MRSA, S. epidermidis) and Gram-negative (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae) bacteria and yeasts (C. albicans). AgNPs and AuNPs were also characterized by a significant antioxidant potential, evaluated through in vitro assays (lipoxygenase inhibition, DPPH radical scavenging activity, metal ion chelating activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays). An overall better activity was obtained for the ethanolic G. urbanum rhizome extract and its derived AgNPs (EC50 = 34.2 ± 1.86 mg/mL in lipoxygenase inhibition assay). Therefore, the G. urbanum rhizome extracts proved to be excellent sources for biologically active AgNPs and AuNPs.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Filgrastim Efficiency in Cats Naturally Infected with Feline Panleukopenia Virus
(MDPI, 2024-12-11) Dascălu, Mihaela-Anca; Bocăneți Daraban, Florentina; Soreanu, Octavian; Tutu, Paul; Cozma, Andreea-Paula; Moroșan, Șerban; Tanase, Irina-Oana
Feline Panleukopenia (FPL) infection is caused by feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), and it is considered one of the most severe cat’s infectious diseases. Since there is no specific antiviral treatment for FPL, the therapeutic protocol usually is focused on fluid therapy and supportive care. However, filgrastim, a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) used in human medicine to treat neutropenia and leukopenia, has been lately used in treating FPV disease, providing promising results. During January 2022 and September 2024, twenty-two cats diagnosed with feline panleukopenia virus were subjected to filgrastim (Zarzio®, Sandoz, Kundl, Austria) administration at a dose of 6 µg/kg for 3 consecutive days. The 4th day was a break day, and in the 5th day, the complete blood count was repeated. White blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils parameters improved after Zarzio® administration, with a significant statistical difference (p < 0.01) when their values between day 1 (pre Zarzio® administration) and day 5 (post Zarzio® administration) were analysed. However, red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit and platelets parameters registered a considerable reduction from day 1 to day 5 with a significant statistical difference (p < 0.01), considered as post-administration side effects. In our study, the survival rate following Zarzio® administration was 100%, suggesting that the protocol involving three doses is effective in restoring the leukopenia and neutropenia.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Anti-Epileptic Activity of Mitocurcumin in a Zebrafish–Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) Epilepsy Model
(MDPI, 2024-11-29) Ciubotaru, Alin-Dumitru; Leferman, Carmen-Ecaterina; Ignat, Bogdan-Emilian; Knieling, Anton; Șalaru, Delia-Lidia; Turliuc, Dana-Mihaela; Foia, Liliana-Georgeta; Dima, Lorena; Minea, Bogdan; Hrițcu, Luminița-Diana; Cioroiu, Bogdan-Ionel; Stoica, Laura; Ciureanu, Ioan-Adrian; Ciobîcă, Alin-Stelian; Stoica, Bogdan-Alexandru; Ghiciuc, Cristina-Mihaela
Background/Objectives: Ongoing challenges in epilepsy therapy warrant research on alternative treatments that offer improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Designed to enhance mitochondrial targeting and increase bioavailability, mitocurcumin (MitoCur) was evaluated for the first time as an antiepileptic agent, with curcumin (Cur) and sodium valproate (VPA), a standard antiepileptic drug, included for comparison. This study investigated the effects on seizure onset, severity, and progression in a zebrafish model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and measured the concentrations of the compounds in brain tissue. Methods: Zebrafish were pre-treated with MitoCur and Cur (both at 0.25 and 0.5 µM doses) and VPA (0.25 and 0.5 mM) and observed for four minutes to establish baseline locomotor behavior. Subsequently, the animals were exposed to a 5 mM PTZ solution for 10 min, during which seizure progression was observed and scored as follows: 1—increased swimming; 2—burst swimming, left and right movements; 3—circular movements; 4—clonic seizure-like behavior; 5—loss of body posture. The studied compounds were quantified in brain tissue through HPLC and LC-MS. Results: Compared to the control group, all treatments reduced the distance moved and the average velocity, without significant differences between compounds or doses. During PTZ exposure, seizure latencies revealed that all treatments effectively delayed seizure onset up to score 4, demonstrating efficacy in managing moderate seizure activity. Notably, MitoCur also provided significant protection against the most severe seizure score (score 5). Brain tissue uptake analysis indicated that MitoCur achieved higher concentrations in the brain compared to Cur, at both doses. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential of MitoCur as a candidate for seizure management.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
An Assessment ofWest Nile and Usutu Viruses’ Seroprevalence in Hospitalized Patients: A Preliminary Study on Flavivirus Exposure in Eastern Romania
(MDPI, 2024-01-31) Crivei, Luciana-Alexandra; Vâță, Andrei; Teodor, Dănuț; Porea, Daniela; Cozma, Andreea-Paula; Aniță, Adriana-Elena; Ludu Oșlobanu, Luanda-Elena; Moroșan, Șerban; Savuța, Gheorghe
WNV and USUV are closely related epornitic flaviviruses transmitted by Culex mosquitoes which can cause febrile and neurodegenerative disease in humans. The impact of both viruses on public health has increased in the recent decades. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of WNV and USUV in hospitalized patients from eastern Romania who did not show symptoms corresponding to the case definition. Methods: Human blood samples from the hospitalized patients were collected in 2015 and from April to September 2019 in Iasi County, Romania. The samples were screened by ELISA for anti-WNV IgG, IgM, and anti-USUV IgG antibodies. Results: A cumulative seroprevalence of 3.4% was recorded for anti-WNV IgG antibodies and 9.1% for anti-WNV IgM. No sample was positive for anti-USUV antibodies. Conclusion: The cumulative seroprevalence observed provides support for the consideration of WNV as being endemic in the east of Romania. The absence of anti-USUV antibodies may be related to cross-reactivity and cohort size, thus, USUV should be considered in clinical practice and become an objective for active surveillance in Romania.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Comparative analysis of stress responses in dogs and cats during the covid-19 pandemic: a focus on cortisol, total leukocytes, eosinophils, and behavioral changes
(FEPMVZ Editora, 2024-05-03) Mălăncuș, Răzvan-Nicolae; Arsenoaia, Vlad-Nicolae; Ghiță, Marian
The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in unprecedented changes in the lives of humans and their companion animals, impacting their daily routines, social interactions, and stress levels. This study investigates the effect of pandemic-related restrictions, including limited time outside and changes in owner habits, on the stress indicators of 34 dogs and 29 cats. Cortisol levels, total leukocyte counts, eosinophil counts, and behavioral changes have been analyzed to assess how these species are differentially affected by the altered environment and human interactions during the pandemic. The study revealed important behavioral changes in cats while the biochemical and hematological parameters were considerably affected in dogs. Our findings shed light on the unique stress experiences of dogs and cats and underscore the importance of considering individualized strategies for managing their well-being during extraordinary circumstances.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Mastitis impact on high-yielding dairy farm’s reproduction and net present value
(Frontiers Media, 2024-01-08) Borș, Alina; Borș, Silviu-Ionuț; Floriștean, Viorel-Cezar
Poor udder health can have a negative impact on milk production and reproductive performance, which reduces the net present value (NPV) of dairy farms. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the relationship between clinical mastitis and NPV and the financial impact of impaired reproductive function. For this purpose, 473 dairy cows were included in our study, 146 cows with clinical mastitis (CM group) and 327 clinically healthy cows (CH group) from a high-yielding dairy farm in Romania, milking approximately 780 dairy cows with an average milk production of 46 kg milk/day. We found that, in contrast to CH cows, CM cows had a significantly lower conception rate at first service (58.2% vs. 41.7%, p < 0.05), third service (45.3% vs. 30.2%, p < 0.05), and total services (49.2% vs. 36.4%, p < 0.05). However, this positive effect was not observed for the average days open, which were significantly lower in CM cows than in CH cows (112 ± 4.3 days vs. 142 ± 3.1 days, p < 0.05). The fact that the non-pregnant CH cows had higher somatic cell counts (>400,000 SCC/mL) in their milk around artificial insemination (AI) and 1 month earlier than the pregnant cows (<250,000 SCC/ml) supports the idea that poor uterine health affects the reproductive activity of high-yielding cows. However, by using the UW-DairyRepro$ decision support tool, we found that despite the impairment of reproductive function in dairy cows, the largest negative impacts on NPV are still the cost of milk loss (US$14,439.4/farm/year) and treatment costs (US$4,380/farm/year). We considered the costs associated with poor reproductive function in the CM group (US$3,577/farm/year) as an additional cost of mastitis. Finally, it appears that the impact of mastitis on reproduction is associated with a lower chance of conception than it is with a daily risk of services.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Degradable Polymeric Bio(nano)materials and Their Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Overview and Recent Updates
(MDPI, 2024-01-10) Kuperkar, Ketan; Atanase, Leonard-Ionuț; Bahadur, Anita; Crivei, Ioana-Cristina; Bahadur, Pratap
Degradable polymers (both biomacromolecules and several synthetic polymers) for biomedical applications have been promising very much in the recent past due to their low cost, biocompatibility, flexibility, and minimal side effects. Here, we present an overview with updated information on natural and synthetic degradable polymers where a brief account on different polysaccharides, proteins, and synthetic polymers viz. polyesters/polyamino acids/polyanhydrides/polyphosphazenes/polyurethanes relevant to biomedical applications has been provided. The various approaches for the transformation of these polymers by physical/chemical means viz. cross-linking, as polyblends, nanocomposites/hybrid composites, interpenetrating complexes, interpolymer/polyion complexes, functionalization, polymer conjugates, and block and graft copolymers, are described. The degradation mechanism, drug loading profiles, and toxicological aspects of polymeric nanoparticles formed are also defined. Biomedical applications of these degradable polymer-based biomaterials in and as wound dressing/healing, biosensors, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine, etc., are highlighted. In addition, the use of such nano systems to solve current drug delivery problems is briefly reviewed.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
From Herd Health to Public Health: Digital Tools for Combating Antibiotic Resistance in Dairy Farms
(MDPI, 2024-07-09) Neculai Văleanu, Andra-Sabina; Ariton, Adina-Mirela; Radu, Ciprian; Poroșnicu, Ioana; Sănduleanu, Cătălina; Amariții, Gabriela
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to global food security, human health, and the future of livestock production. Higher rates of antimicrobial use in dairy farming and the sheer lack of new antimicrobials available for use focused attention on the question of how the dairy production sector contributed to the development of AMR and paved the path toward taking action to curtail it on the targeted type of farms. This paper aims to provide an introduction to a phenomenon that has gained considerable attention in the recent past due to its ever-increasing impact, the use of antimicrobial drugs, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on dairy farms, and seeks to discuss the possibilities of approaches such as digital health monitoring and precision livestock farming. Using sensors, data, knowledge, automation, etc., digital health monitoring, as well as Precision Livestock Farming (PLF), is expected to enhance health control and minimize disease and antimicrobial usage. The work presents a literature review on the current status and trends of AMR in dairy farms, an understanding of the concept of digital health monitoring and PLF, and the presentation and usefulness of digital health monitoring and PLF in preventing AMR. The study also analyses the strengths and weaknesses of adopting and incorporating digital technologies and artificial intelligence for dairy farming and presents areas for further study and level of use
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Health-Related Outcomes and Molecular Methods for the Characterization of A1 and A2 Cow’s Milk: Review and Update
(MDPI, 2024-04-12) Borș, Alina; Borș, Silviu-Ionuț; Floriștean, Viorel-Cezar
A new trend in cow’s milk has emerged in the market called type A1 and A2 milk. These products have piqued the interest of both consumers and researchers. Recent studies suggest that A2 milk may have potential health benefits beyond that of A1 milk, which is why researchers are investigating this product further. It is interesting to note that the A1 and A2 milk types have area-specific characteristics compared to breed-specific characteristics. Extensive research has focused on milk derivatives obtained from cow’s milk, primarily through in vitro and animal studies. However, few clinical studies have been conducted in humans, and the results have been unsatisfactory. New molecular techniques for identifying A1 and A2 milk may help researchers develop new studies that can clarify certain controversies surrounding A1 milk. It is essential to exercise extreme caution when interpreting the updated literature. It has the potential to spread panic worldwide and have negative economic implications. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the differences between A1 and A2 milk in various research areas and clarify some aspects regarding these two types of milk.

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