2020

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.iuls.ro/handle/20.500.12811/165

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Studies on the evolution of the agricultural sector in the context of CAP 2014-2020
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Iacobache Lungu, Adelina
The Community Agricultural Policy (CAP) assumed by the six founding members by the Rome treaty in 1958 was characterized by a strong intervention of the state, according to the sectors climate and location characteristics, subject of imbalances between demand and supply, and with a high volatility of prices and incomes. In 2003, a series of principles and methods considerably modified the CAP policy, introducing new principles and mechanisms, and terms like unique exploitation payment, cross-compliance, financial discipline. Finally, in 2007, a unique common organizing of the markets (unique COM) was instituted as part of its reform, aiming agricultural productivity growth by promoting technical progress and optimization of the production factors, fair life standards for the agricultural population, stabilization of the markets, supply safety and reasonable prices for consumers. The present analysis aims to highlight the structural and dynamic evolutions of the main indicators in the food sector in the North-East of Romania.
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Analysis of mycotoxins from cereals and cereal products at Iasi county
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Alexandru, Maricica; Lipșa, Florin-Daniel; Florea, Andreea-Mihaela; Ulea, Eugen
Cereals and cereal products are of unique importance because they are consumed by millions of people and are considered, from a nutritional point of view, the main source of carbohydrates for humans and animals. Thus, the microbiological and mycotoxicological safety of cereals is considered very important both for food and for animal feed. The paper presents the results of research on the level of mycotoxin contamination of cereals and cereal products in Iasi County in the 2015-2019 study interval. The aim was to study the incidence of mycotoxins that have a negative influence on the safety of agri-food products, with subsequent negative impact on human and animal health. The obtained results were within the maximum allowed limits provided by the specific legislation in force (EC Reg. 1881/2006).
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Strategies for sustainable rural development of the North-East region of Romania
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Ungureanu, George; Costuleanu, Carmen-Luiza; Ignat, Gabriela; Robu, Alexandru-Dragoș
The paper aims to identify how to approach sustainable development in regional development strategies, having as a case study the North-East Region, and to evaluate how to implement strategic objectives, at regional and rural level. The document aims to identify new strategic proposals to ensure the sustainable development of rural areas, using a system of specific, quantifiable and representative indicators that allow, through econometric analysis, the evaluation of results and the projection of sustainable development developments. The approach of sustainable development and rural development in a strategic context had above all a theoretical character, the analysis being oriented towards: the delimitation of the different conceptual aspects regarding the sustainable development and the strategies of sustainable development; addressing rural development from sustainable development; regulations on sustainable development at global, European and national level, etc. The paper thus highlights, starting from the analysis of regional development strategies of the Northeast Region, solutions to improve the process of strategic implementation of development objectives, by providing viable tools for monitoring development, sustainable development at regional and rural level, eliminating their trends disproportionate. The target indicators proposed by this document and their justification allow such a realistic and accurate estimation of the strategic implementation and the measurement of the impact of the strategic objectives. At European level, concerns about incorporating the principles of sustainable development into Member States' development strategies emerged with Agenda 21, but the approach was fragmented and policy implementation was inconsistent in trade, investment, technology and sustainable development.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Digital natives and immigrants. Finding the gap
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Sîrghea, Alina; Brezuleanu, Mădălina-Maria
The presented paper investigates the needs of digital immigrants (generally those born before the year 1985 (those before the Millennial generation are considered to be digital immigrants and those born after 1985 are digital natives, having grown up only in a world defined by the internet and smart devices, Prensky, 2001). Digital immigrants should integrate and use the ICT argued for the introduction of Information and Communication Technologies (hereinafter ICT) in public policies in education. However, there is consensus on four basic arguments (OECD, 2001): are a basic skill, such as reading, writing, and math, they represent an opportunity for economic development and a requirement for employment, they are a tool for school management, they are a tool that improves the teaching and learning process. The first two arguments are linked to the potential socioeconomic benefits attributed to the use and appropriation of ICTs. These have an impact on human development, both that one of the development goals for the millennium postulates that it is necessary to “ensure that can take advantage of the benefits of new technologies, in particular those of information and communications” (ONU, 2013). In relation to the potential economic benefits, it is reasonable to assume that, with the use of ICT, the inhabitants of developed countries acquire skills and competencies that complement their possibilities to function successfully in society. However, these arguments should be considered with more caution in developing countries, since in these people do not necessarily have the basic skills necessary to effectively take advantage of the potential of ICT.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Taxation: is flat rate better than progressive rate?
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Vâlcu, Carmen; Costuleanu, Carmen-Luiza; Ignat, Gabriela; Georgescu, Iuliana-Eugenia
Our research aims to analyze the evolution in time and space of taxation rates and the impact of legislative changes on the microeconomic and macroeconomic environments, as well as the impact of legislative changes, the analysis of different models of tax systems based on the flat tax rate, used in Romania, or progressive tax rates, preferred in countries like France, Belgium and Luxembourg. Attempts at comparing personal income taxes are relatively rare and difficult to achieve precisely because of the tax legislation that is significantly different from one country to another in terms of tax base, tax rates or method of calculation of the various taxes and fees. Identifying the best taxation approach is the main goal of our paper. Our research is aimed at identifying the best taxation system, at determining the correlation between tax burden and tax income, thus analyzing the distributive effects of flat rates or progressive rates, and the effects of preferring one to the other, in other words determining whether they encouraged the formation of a middle class or on the contrary, they have deepened the inequity among the population, the effects that these systems have had on the social, economic and political environments in Romania and in the French-speaking countries included in our research: France, Belgium and Luxembourg.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Secondary irrigation infrastructure in Romania: influence of the water user`s associations modernization on the performance of their member farms
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Robu, Alexandru-Dragoș; Costuleanu, Carmen-Luiza; Ungureanu, George; Borza, Mioara; Brezuleanu, Stejărel
In this paper the authors undertook an analysis of the Water User’s Associations influence on the performance of their members and on the agricultural sector. The existing crop irrigation infrastructure was built during the communist period, before 1989. It was divided, since it’s been built, into primary and secondary infrastructure. After 1989, the secondary infrastructure, usually built and located in key spots, in the proximity of water sources and farms, was assigned to these units for maintenance and modernization. Water User’s Associations are non-profit economic units that can be established by a minimum of ten members, agricultural units, and can benefit for receiving such an infrastructure located in their proximity. Since Romania joined the E.U., some financial incentives have been developed with the purpose of modernization of the primary and secondary irrigation infrastructure. Thus, the secondary infrastructure can benefit from up to 1,000,000 Euro, with an intensity of 100% non-reimbursable for the modernization of its entire serving area. In this paper the authors analyze the effectiveness of such an investment, a specific investment amounting to 999,933 Euro. It will be shown how by carrying out the investment and modernizing the infrastructure, an annual saving of 6,621,000 cubic meters of water will be achieved, as well as an annual saving of at least 463,200 lei. As will be shown, the largest impact consists in the sufficient irrigation of the crops that leads to yields up to 4 times higher per ha. The authors determined numerous indicators from the studies that are presented in the paper.
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Promoting the green business - a pillar of the sustainable development
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Mihăilă Borza, Mioara; Bodescu, Dan; Robu, Maria
The evolutionary trends of the economic and social environment are increasingly associated with new forms of the economic growth and development, focused on the attention given to the relation with the environment and the impact on this. This orientation is also supported by the sustainable development strategies, which are increasingly active for the national business practices. By this paper, we aim to bring together, in a common vision, the approaches that support a balanced economic growth, in accordance with the requirements of the environmental protection and the natural resources conservation. Through a qualitative empirical research, we identify the green businesses as a pillar of the sustainable development that supports the evolution of the business environment in a consolidated and balanced pace. The analysis, descriptive-exploratory, is based on synthesis and exemplification and follows the evolution of green business in the last 10 years, at European and national level, starting from the European experiences in the countries that have supported and promoted the mechanisms to strengthen the green business. The results of the study are materialized in a synoptic presentation of the national business environment oriented towards the green business, arguing the need to connect the strategic requirements of the sustainable development, Horizon 2030, with the specific objectives of any form of business: profitability and stability. Thus, we present a general dashboard that groups the most relevant areas in which green businesses in Romania have demonstrated their sustainability, considering both economic and social objectives, as well as the ecological ones. Although the means of promoting such businesses are not very visible, sufficiently transparent or strongly supported, we draw some conclusions which support the hypothesis that the future of a solid and sustainable business environment requires the reconsideration of the economy-environment relationship and promoting the symbiotic perspective on which the green business it is based.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Financial crime: how financial institutions can mitigate money laundering risk associated with politically exposed persons and improve their compliance program
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Golban, Artur; Golban, Ghenadie
The customer acceptance policy of financial institutions stipulates that the Bank shall enter in business relationship and offer banking products and services to customers based on risk appetite correlated to the reputational risk. According to Financial Action Task Force (FATF), a politically exposed person (PEP) is “an individual who is or has been entrusted with a prominent public function: Heads of State or of government, senior politicians, senior government, judicial or military officials, senior executives of state owned corporations, important political party officials, etc.” The business relationship involving politically exposed persons (PEPs) is classified according to Know Your Customer and Anti Money Laundering Principles with high risk, because PEPs have the position to influence some decisions at state level, being involved in corruption, bribery schemes; they have access to significant state funds which can be laundered through companies owned by PEPs, their relatives or close associates by abusing of PEPs high position. The purpose of this scientific research is to highlight the money laundering risk indicators connected to PEPs and to propose mitigation measures to be applied by financial institutions, while strengthening their controls, as a part of an effective compliance program. .
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Approaching sustainable and rural development in the NE region of Romania in a strategic context
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Ciuștea Butnaru, Mintenica-Mariana
The paper aimed to identify how to approach sustainable development in regional development strategies, having as a case study the North-East Region, and to evaluate how to implement strategic objectives, at regional and rural level. The paper aims to identify new strategic proposals to ensure sustainable development of rural areas, by using a system of specific, quantifiable and representative indicators that allow, through econometric analysis, evaluation of results and projection of the evolution of sustainable development. In the conditions of intensification, increase of plant production, but also of rural development, as basic links of socio-economic progress, there is the problem of achieving and maintaining the growth of agro-zootechnical production without major damage to the environment and health of humans and other living things. of the food chain. This priority task must be addressed in the light of the concept of sustainable agricultural development. Sustainable development is conceived as a necessity of reconciliation between the economy and the environment, on a new path of development that supports human progress, not only in a few places and for a few years, but everywhere and for a long future. This is in fact the only long-term alternative to the environmental crisis generated by human society. In the 2014-2020 strategy, the EU intended to spend almost € 100 billion on rural development policy through the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). One of the objectives of the EU's strategic framework for 2014-2020 was to place greater emphasis on delivering results. However, efforts in this area have been faced with the eternal problem of planning a new programming period before relevant data on expenditure and results from the previous period are available.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Community implications on Romanian agriculture in the context of The European Union's sustainable development strategy
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Ungureanu, George; Ignat, Gabriela; Costuleanu, Carmen-Luiza; Viziteu, Ștefan
Sustainable development - a development model that seeks to ensure a balance between economic growth, quality of life and environmental conservation in the medium and long term, so as to meet the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability to meet the needs of future generations - has represented decades, the guideline that has underpinned development policies, programs and strategies. The issue of the mechanisms of financial support for Romania's agriculture is very important in our country's efforts to become competitive on the European agricultural market. However, the peculiarities of Romanian agriculture remain almost similar to the pre-accession period (fragmented agrarian structures, low technical and economic yields, outdate technical endowment, etc.), and the main question is whether community support mechanisms increase or remain Romanian farm performance, support measures to ensure their survival on the market. The paper highlights the regional development strategies of the NorthEast Region, solutions to improve the process of strategic implementation of development objectives, by providing viable tools for monitoring sustainable development at regional and rural level, eliminating their oversizing trends. The target indicators proposed by this paper and their rationale allow such a realistic and correct estimation of the strategic implementation and the measurement of the impact of the strategic objectives. In this context, we consider that proposed and substantiated result indicators starting from the previous trend of the region, for all strategic priorities 2014-2020, can be much better materialized in projects with major impact on sustainable development both at regional level and the rural environment, and the way of their evaluation and estimation represents a viable methodology for monitoring the regional development strategies.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Agronomic and economic efficiency of the waste use from the production of alcoholic beverages on cambic chernozem
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Siuris, Andrei; Golban, Artur; Golban, Rita
Nowadays, the environment ecological status in the Republic of Moldova is deplorable in most natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. Wastes from the alcoholic beverages production is often stored chaotically presenting a major danger to the environment soil, water, air, flora and fauna. There is no waste processing and recycling company in the country. This waste contains a significant amount of biophilic elements necessary for the nutrition of agricultural plants and the increase of organic matter in the soil. About 100 thousand tons of waste is accumulated annually in the Republic of Moldova. Waste from the production of alcoholic beverages contains 28 thousand tons of organic matter, 180 tons of nitrogen, 80 tons of phosphorus and 260 tons of potassium. For this purpose, two field experiments were organized at the Technological-Experimental Station "Codru", Codru commune, Chisinau municipality, where the residues from the production of alcoholic beverages were studied: wine yeasts and vinasse (waste from wine production), distillers grains marc (waste from the production of rectified ethyl alcohol) on soil fertility and plant productivity. Research conducted in 2012-2019 showed that fertilizing the soil with cereal marc led to increased productivity of field crops. The increase in production on average is 868-1223 kg/ha of cereal units (30-42%) compared to the non-fertilized version with marc. Fertilization with waste from the production of alcoholic beverages increases on average over 9 years, the content of organic matter by 0.18-0.37% (4800-10000 kg/ha), mobile phosphorus by 0.3-1.0 mg/100 g soil (8.1-27.0 kg/ha), exchangeable potassium with 10-13 mg/100 g soil (230-300 kg/ha) for variants fertilized with waste. There was an increase in Sauvignon grape production of 0.9-2.3 t/ha (8-21%) on average for 9 years for wine waste variants. Wastes from the production of alcoholic beverages, applied to the soil as organic fertilizer have a significant economic effect, can be recovered and reintegrated into viticulture and phytotechnic sectors.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Drought in The Republic of Moldova becomes more common and intensive
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Cojocaru, Olesea
Droughts can be considered the most complex climatic phenomena, because they trigger several factors, namely: atmospheric precipitation, soil water reserve accessible to the plant, humidity and air temperature, evapotranspiration, wind speed, etc., these being the main climatic parameters that define the state of dry or dry weather. This article provides a brief analysis of the statistical data with the most frequent droughts on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. From this point of view, drought risk management is a set of rigorously established and organized activities, which, starting from the existing conditions and objectives of the entity, analyze risk factors in a security concept, in order to minimize risks and costs. Only the precise knowledge of the circumstances, causes of occurrence and legitimacy of manifestation of these phenomena, called in the literature natural hazards or risk phenomena, allows the adoption of appropriate measures to mitigate the negative effects and reconstruction of affected regions. Of particular importance to society is the earliest and most accurate prediction of natural disasters. Drought is a prolongation of insufficient rainfall and is a natural feature of the climate. It can occur in any climatic zone, but its characteristics can vary from one region to another. The evaluations show that the deficit of atmospheric precipitations is practically specific for the whole territory of the republic. The deficit of precipitations and their very uneven distribution condition frequent and intensive droughts. The probability of very strong droughts (≤ 50% of the climatic norm of precipitation) with catastrophic consequences in some months of the vegetation period on the territory of the Republic of Moldova is 11 - 41%.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The green mass and silage quality of reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea under the conditions of Moldova
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Țîței, Victor; Andreoiu, Andreea-Cristina; Blaj, Adrian-Vasile; Marușca, Teodor; Coșman, Sergiu; Cozari, Serghei
Reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea is a cool-season, long-lived with good frost and drought tolerance, highyielding C3 grass species. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of green mass and prepared silage from reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea, cv. Premier grown under the conditions of the Republic of Moldova. In the third growing season, reed canary grass was characterized by high growth rate and regenerative capacity after being cut. Results revealed that harvested green mass first cut content 25.6% dry matter, but green mass second cut - 38.7% dry matter. The dry matter of the whole plant contained 109-139 g/kg CP, 74-98 g/kg ash, 368-411g/kg ADF, 616-685 g/kg NDF, 36-38 g/kg ADL, 330-375g/kg Cel and 248-274 g/kg HC. The nutritive value of natural fodder: 56.9-60.2% digestible dry matter, 11.32-11.91 MJ/kg digestible energy, 9.29-9.78 MJ/kg metabolizable energy and 5.31-5.79 MJ/kg net energy for lactation. The prepared silages were characterized by agreeable colour with pleasant smell and pH 3.98 - 4.10, it contained 30.8- 43.9 g/kg DM lactic acid, 5.8-7.2 g/kg DM acetic acid, 900-902 g/kg organic matter, 127-129 g/kg CP, 411-427 g/kg ADF, 683-704 g/kg NDF, 27-28 g/kg ADL with nutritive value: 55.6-56.9% dry matter digestibility, 11.09-11.32 MJ/kg digestible energy, 9.11-9.28 MJ/kg metabolizable energy and 5.07- 5.31 MJ/kg net energy for lactation. We found that the Phalaris arundinacea substrates for anaerobic digestion, have optimal C/N ratio, amount of lignin and hemicellulose. It has been established that the biomethane potential of the Phalaris arundinacea substrates varied from 335 to 362 l/kg ODM. Reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea cv. Premier have good nutrient content, can be used as as natural fodder and silage for husbandry animals, also and feedstock for anaerobic digestion in biogas reactors and renewable energy production.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The behavior of some soybean varieties in the pedoclimatic conditions from the Center of Moldavia
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Gherasim Leonte, Alexandra; Isticioaia, Simona-Florina; Popa, Lorena-Diana; Mîrzan, Oana
Soybeans is an important source of protein because the amount of protein in a hectare of soybeans is higher than in any other crop. It has a wide range of uses, and it can be used in many areas: for food production, for food and as fuel. Considering the growing interest, in recent years, for this crop, at the ARDS Secuieni a number of ten soybean varieties have been experimented, Carla TD, Larisa, Caro TD, Ilinca TD, Bia TD, Ada TD, Teo TD, Miruna TD, Felicia TD, Onix, creations of the Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, in order to establish their adaptability to the pedoclimatic conditions of the area. On average, the factors studied greatly influenced soybean production, which varied widely, from 2687 kg/ha, to Felicia TD variety to 3409 kg/ha to Larisa variety. Regarding the correlation between soybean production and the protein production obtained, it is observed that there is a direct correlation, the correlation coefficients calculated being statistically assured and interpreted as very significant.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Botany and chemistry of Foeniculum vulgare var. Dulce mill. and Foeniculum vulgare var. Vulgare mill: A review
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Patrolea, Elena; Robu, Teodor
The Apiaceae family (Umbelliferae) comprises both vegetable and aromatic and medicinal species. Among the most used aromatic species from this family is Foeniculum vulgare Mill, which can be cultivated in various climatic conditions. Foeniculum vulgare ssp. vulgare Mill. can be cultivated using three varieties: Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum Mill., also called bulbing fennel or Florence fennel, Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce Mill. with the common name of sweet fennel and Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare Mill., this variety is known as bitter fennel due to the bitter aroma of the seeds.In this review were presented the results of various publications, reported between 1961 and 2019, on two varieties of fennel, var. dulce and var. vulgare. The publications were selected from the electronic library.Therefor in this article, various botany and chemistry differences between sweet fennel and bitter fennel have been presented.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Effects of complex fertilizer on yield components and yield of some soybean genotypes
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Suciu, Vasilena; Rusu, Teodor; Urdă, Camelia; Rezi, Raluca; Mureșanu, Eugen; Negrea, Adrian; Mureșanu, Felicia
Fertilization is one of the main economic and health-promoting factors in crop cultivation. Field trials were carried out in 2019, in the experimental field of Soybean Breeding Laboratory from Agricultural Research and Development Station in Turda (ARDS Turda), based on a subdivided parcel design with two replications, using plots of 5 m2 . The biological material used in this study was created at ARDS Turda, 13 semi-early, early and very early soybean genotypes being evaluated: 7 varieties (Perla, Onix, Felix, Carla, Caro TD, Ada TD, Raluca TD) and 6 perspective lines (T-161, T- 295, T-165, T-6126, T-6117 and T-166). Fertilization was carried out with NPK 16:16:16 complex fertilizer applying the following doses: 150 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, 250 kg/ha and unfertilized (Control). At the end of the growing season the genotypes were characterized by: plant height (cm), number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, seeds weight/plant (g), TKW (g), yield (kg/ha). The reported data is the average of 10 measurements. Statistical calculations were accomplished in Excel 2013 (Microsoft, USA) highlighting differences between studied genotypes and applied doses. The average of the seed/plant had small variations, in this year's conditions; the grain size varied between 122 g and 162 g and the maximum yield was about 3 to/ha at the dose of 200 kg/ha complex fertilizer.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Research regarding the influence of genotype x epoch of sowing x distance between rows on seeds yield at Ricinus communis L. (castor bean)
(2020) Mîrzan, Bogdan; Robu, Teodor; Mîrzan, Oana; Naie, Margareta; Bostan, Maria
The researches were organized in 2018-2019 at the Moldoveni Agricultural Society, Neamt County. Analyzing the influence of the distance between rows at castor bean, it results that at greater distances yield deficits are obtained, so when the plant nutrition area is increased, the branching is stronger and the yield obtained from the main raceme decreases, increasing instead the production of secondary racemes. The results obtained on average over the two years of experimentation show us that the highest production was obtained for the variant sown at 70 cm between rows (1460 kg / ha), which indicates that castor bean responds favorably at this distance. The average productions obtained in the analyzed period were directly influenced by the experienced technological factors. These varied in limits between 1036 kg / ha (Rivlas x the fourth epoch x 100 cm between rows) to 1650 kg / ha (Christian x the second epoch x 70 cm between rows).
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Optimization of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in vitro cultivation by using the contaminated cultures for obtaining new shoots in greenhouse conditions
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Cioloca, Mihaela; Tican, Andreea; Popa, Monica; Bărăscu, Nina
The artificial media used for plant tissue cultures contains numerous nutrients that can create favorable conditions for the development of pathogens. As antibiotic use is not encouraged, a new strategy has been tried to reduce the losses caused by the presence of microbial infections in "in vitro" cultivation of sweet potato. This consisted in the transplantation in greenhouse conditions of sweet potato plantlets from contaminated "in vitro" cultures, in order to obtain new shoots. Five sweet potato varieties were used in this study, and two types of substrate for planting: pearlite and a mixture of peat and pearlite (1:1). The survival rate of the plantlets was 100% on the substrate consisting only of pearlite. The surviving sweet potato plants had a rapid growth rate, the greenhouse conditions being favorable for this culture. Approximately two months after transplantation, the obtained shoots could be used as a source of explants to initiate new "in vitro" cultures. Regarding the number of shoots the highest value was obtained by the Yulmi variety. The length of the shoots varied according to the variety, thus the highest value was recorded by the KSC1 variety (98.30 cm) . The number of buds/shoot is strongly influenced by the variety. In some sweet potato varieties the distance between buds is smaller, and in others larger, this being a characteristic of the variety. Regarding this trait the best results were obtained in Juhwangmi variety. By applying this method, the process of sweet potato "in vitro" multiplication becomes more economically efficient. After only a few weeks under greenhouse conditions, involving minimal costs, many shoots can be obtained.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The effect of biostimulants on the process of photosynthesis at the lettuce
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Jităreanu, Carmenica-Doina; Slabu, Cristina; Marta, Alina-Elena; Bologa Covașă, Mihaela
This study followed the effect of two organic biostimulants on the photosynthesis process in two salad varieties grown in the greenhouse. At the same time, the aim was to establish the most effective way to apply biostimulants to increase production. Application of growth regulators was done every ten days by foliar spraying and root application. The first application being made at the appearance of the first leaves, and the last application was made ten days before harvest. The biostimulants used in this study were Wuxal Ascofol with a high content of algae extract and Black Jack based on humic acids. The photosynthesis process was evaluated by determining the total chlorophyll content and by evaluating the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves. The study showed that the applied organic treatments stimulated the photosynthesis process in both varieties of salad, which was correlated with an increase in head of salad. Chlorophyll content of 431 nm and chlorophyll b 453 nm, components of the absorption center that capture light energy and transfer it to the reaction center recorded the highest values in the variant treated with Wuxal Ascofol, which shows an intense transport of assimilated to foliar system. It was also noted that the foliar application of biostimulants to lettuce gives much better results than the application at the root level.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Observations regarding the entomofauna of coleopteras within some agricultural crops from the North-East part of Portugal
(“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, 2020) Tudorache, Valentin-Teodor; Tălmaciu, Mihai; Herea, Monica
The aim of this research was that to identify the entomofauna of Carabidae existing within the agricultural crop taken into the study: vineyard groove by the mean of soil traps. Each 5 traps were mounted inside 3 subplots, namely: leguminosae+graminias, leguminosae and natural. The area of work was about 1.30 ha, each subplot having a surface of 4.000 m2. The researches were carried out within Quinta da Granja farm which is located very close to Alijo city, at two dates: May 18th and May 22nd of 2017. To prevent the maceration of insects, a solution consisting of water and formalin was added inside each trap. After carrying out the experiments within the field, the insects were brought in the Laboratory of Entomology in order to be counted and identified. From the Coleoptera order, species with the biggest number of samples were: -within the leguminosae+graminias subplot: Carabidae family (92), Scarabaeidae (45), Staphylinidae (25) and Dermestidae (12). From the Carabidae family, species with the biggest number of samples were: Harpalus tardus-33 and Carabus violaceus-12 (for the date of May 18th); Carabus violaceus-24 (for May 22nd); - within the leguminosae subplot: Carabidae (154), Staphylinidae (101) and Scarabaeidae (71) and Cerambycidae (32) and Chrysomelidae (27) and Dermestidae (19). From the Carabidae family, species with the biggest number of samples were: Pterostichus vernalis-63 and Poecilus versicolor-32 (for May 18th); Pterostichus cupreus-26 (for May 22nd); - within the natural sublot: Carabidae (128),Chrysomelidae (72) and Scarabaeidae (54) and Dermestidae (22). From the Carabidae family, species with the biggest number of samples were: Brachimus crepitans-24 (for May 18th); Anisodactylus binotatus- 48 (for May 22 nd).

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