2006

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.iuls.ro/handle/20.500.12811/2728

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Spreading of crop pests and diseases in Moldavia, during 2001-2005
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Săpunaru, Tănase; Hatman, Mircea; Filipescu, Constantin; Iacob, Viorica; Ulea, Eugen; Georgescu, Teodor; Tălmaciu, Mihai
The work presents the evolution of pathogenic agents and pests from crops, under the direct influence of climatic conditions, registered during 2001-2005, in the region of Moldavia. We showed the frequency of the attack of main pests and pathogenic agents, as well as the measures taken by Phytosanitary Units for limiting the damages. This paper is useful to engineers and practitioners, for elaborating a long-term prognosis on the appearance of pests and pathogenic agents and for establishing the optimum moment of warning for treatments.
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Intrauterine insemination in sows
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Roșca, Petru; Drugociu, Dan-Gheorghe; Runceanu, Liviu
For obtaining high and constant fecundity and natality in sows, doses containing between 3 and 5 spermatozoa were used in Romania. Our investigation was oriented to a new insemination method, called intrauterine, which consists in depositing the seminal material in uterus, thus reducing the number of inseminated spermatozoa. The DeepgoldenpigTM device was used. This method was compared with the classical artificial insemination, which involves the use of the Goldenpig® device and depositing the seminal material at cervical level. Doses containing 3, 2, and 1 billion spermatozoa, diluted with X – Cell gel were packaged in 80 ml Cochette bags. The females with a weaning to estrus interval of 2 – 11 days were inseminated twice at an interval of 12 hours. Pregnancy was determined at 28 – 30 days since insemination, using an ultrasound scan. The standard inseminating method produced fecundity rates of 90.6%, 87.9%, and 60.5% per doses with 3, 2, and 1 billion spermatozoa, while the intrauterine method obtained rates of 91.6%, 90.8%, and 59.5%. The farrowing rates were of 90.2%, 87.4%, and 59.5% in case of classical method, and 90.9%, 90.3%, and 81.1% for intrauterine method. Significant differences were obtained by using doses of 1 billion spermatozoa. As a conclusion, intrauterine insemination was simple, safe, and effective, and allowed the sperm dose to be reduced to 1 billion spermatozoa.
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Reconsideration on the optimum moment of selecting for reproduction in boars from the Marele alb breed and 345 Periş synthetic line
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Păsărin, Benone; Stan, Traian; Gîlcă, Ioan; Hoha, Gabriel; Tărăboanță, Gheorghe
At the first fertile services, the dynamics of boars weight increase was tributary to body weight, which must be over 100 kg. Different weights resulted in differences of the values of body indices in female mates. Prolificacy, weight of pigs group at birth, weight of pigs group at 21 days and weight of pigs group at weaning represented the parameters influenced by differences in boar weight. Suckling capacity, weight of pigs at weaning and number of pigs at weaning were the reproductive parameters influenced by age differences in boars. The optimum age for reproduction in boars must be of 224-252 days. The requirements concerning age and body weight must be satisfied at first fertile periods.
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Influence of natural polyphenolic fractions on cellular respiration
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Neacșu, I.; Rotinberg, P.; Gherghel, Daniela; Mihai, C.T.; Cotea, Valeriu V.; Zănoagă, Cristinel; Niculaua, Marius
We have studied the influence of two polyphenolic fractions – methanolic (PMF) and ethanolic (PEF) – extracted from the leaves of the medicinal plant Asclepias syriaca upon cellular respiration. Experiments were performed in vitro on the cells from liver, sartorius striated muscle and stomach smooth muscle of frog (Rana ridibunda, Pall.), determining the cellular oxygen consumption by the Warburg micromanometric method. Polyphenol effects were different, depending on the nature of used fraction and cellular type. Therefore, after 90 minutes of experiencing on liver, the both polyphenolic fractions stimulated cellular respiration, compared to the untreated control. The striated muscle PMF has inhibited and PEF has stimulated respiratory processes. In stomach muscle, reverse effects were noticed: PMF has stimulated and PEF has slightly inhibited cellular respiration. The results pointed out the specific action of these polyphenolic agents on cellular respiration and energetic metabolism processes, also allowing the estimate of their useful pharmacological properties.
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Consideration on stable isotopic determination in Romanian wines
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Niculaua, Marius; Coșofreț, Sorin-Cezar; Cotea, Valeriu V.; Nechita, Bogdan; Odăgeriu, Gheorghe
In the last two years, the Oenology Research Centre of Iaşi and the National Institute for Research and Improvement of Cryogenics and Isotopic Techniques of Râmnicu Vâlcea, together with the National Institute for Research and Improvement of the Molecular and Isotopic Techniques of Cluj-Napoca, have begun the implementation of the discriminative isotopic determination techniques for wines, at national level. The paper presented isotopic data regarding the wine made from the native grape variety Fetească albă, cultivated in different vine regions of Romania. The results pointed out the specific characteristics of the region, according to climate and precipitation.
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The efficiency of some insecticides used for controlling Grapholitha funebrana Tr. and Eurytoma schreineri Schr. pests, in the plum tree plantations
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Tălmaciu, Nela; Tălmaciu, Mihai; Georgescu, Teodor; Diaconu, Alecu
During 2002 – 2003, according to the observations on the biology and ecology of Grapholitha funebrana Tr. and Eurytoma schreineri Schr. species, we have studied the efficiency of insecticides for controlling these species. We have tested the insecticides from synthetic piretroids, organophosphoric, carbamic group, metamorphose inhibitors, and biological products. All the products had a great efficiency, the best results being obtained by Cypermetrin 10CE – 0.05%, Victenon 50WP 0.1% and Karate 2.5CE – 0.03%, where the attack degree in fruits was between 0 - 1%. The biological products Dipel and Bactospeine had a lower efficiency, and the degree of attacked fruits was comprised between 19- 21%.
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The influence of fertilization and erosion on maize crop, grown on eroded soil, and on soil agrochemical and biological characteristics
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Ailincăi, Costică; Ailincăi, Despina; Zbanț, Maria; Mercuș, Adrian; Țopa, Denis-Constantin; Cara, Mihai
Investigations conducted during 1997 - 2006 on a cambic chernozem at the Agricultural Research and Development Station of Podu – Iloaiei have studied the influence of different fertilizer systems on yield in wheat and maize crops, and placed in a three-year rotation (pea – wheat – maize). The erosion process has determined the differentiation of average maize yield, according to slope and erosion. The mean annual losses of yield registered in wheat in the last 10 years, caused by erosion, were of 1296 kg/ha (22.1%). On weakly eroded lands, mean maize yields obtained during 1997-2006, were comprised between 3227 kg/ha at the unfertilized control, and 7678 kg/ha at rates of N70P70+ 60 t/ha manure. On highly eroded lands, the mean yield obtained under unfertilized was of 2346 kg/ha. Average yield increases obtained by applying 60 t/ha manure, every two years, were of 41.3 kg grains per t of manure applied. Mineral fertilizers (N100P100) resulted in obtaining mean yield increases of 13.6 kg grains/kg a.i. of applied fertilizer. On slightly eroded lands, maintaining a good supply level in soil nutritive elements was done by the annual use of fertilizer rates of at least N100P100 or N70P70+ 40 t/ha manure, applied once in two years, or N70P70 + 6 t/ha straw. On highly eroded lands, maintaining a good plant supply in mineral elements was done at rates of N140 P100K70 or N70P70 + 40 t/ha manure. The total number of microarthropods from soil, at the depth of 0-30 cm had values between 22.4 samples/100 cm2 in the fertilized plot with N70P70 + 6 t/ha straw, and 78.5 samples/cm2 in the fertilized plot with N70P70+40 t/ha manure. In most of the fertilization variants, the highest values were registered in Collembole. In case of manure fertilization and on the plot cultivated with perennial grasses and legumes, oribatide became prevalent.
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Quality, safety and competitiveness by integration of modern management systems
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Pop, Cecilia; Pop, Ioan-Mircea
The modern management systems, which interfere with competitiveness focus mainly on the processes quality (quality management system), environment (environment management system) and on food safety according to HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) principles. The scientific paper presents some elements concerning these systems implementation, the links between their certification basis references (for instance, ISO9001-ISO22000-ISO14001) and the possibility of their processing within an integrated management system. This integration brings some notable advantages to the companies from the point of view of the implementation and certification efforts, as well as from financial point of view.
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Landscape architecture, the antidote of pollution and virtual reality in the third millenium
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Dascălu, Doina-Mira
In the third millennium, the creation of the landscape architecture can become a possible therapy, a curative and also a preventive solution for all kind of pollution, the antidote of the virtual reality to which we tend. The modern landscape architecture, being a profession with an important impact on the environment, tried and succeeded to cover a very wide area. From the strategic territorial systematization to the design of the individual yards and gardens, from the ecological recuperation of the polluted and degraded urban spaces to the designing and the rearrangement or the rehabilitation of the public squares, from “vegetal urbanism” to “green spaces”, from micro to macro landscape, its purpose consisted in finding the most adequate methods, principles and technologies, for the harmonization of the empty or planted spaces with the constructed spaces, from the isolated constructions to building ensembles. Because of its complex preoccupation field, the profession of landscape architect may find itself in a confusion regarding the comprehension and the reaction of the public and cities’ mayors.
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Evaluation of etomidate and alfentanyl in dog anaesthesia
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Năstasă, Valentin; Nechifor, Maria-Magdalena; Grecu, Mariana
The use of etomidate for short periods of anaesthesia (e.g. biopsy, skin suture, radiography) was related both to its short duration of action and the absence of significant side-effects. It was rapidly metabolized by liver in inactive metabolites, and its pharmaco-kinetics characteristics recommended it for continuous perfusion or intravenously. In dog, alfentanyl was used to diminish the induction dose of intravenous anaesthesia, although it may be the cause of a few minutes apnea. The aim of this study was to monitor the course of anaesthesia, using a combination of etomidate and alfentanyl.
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The diagnosis importance in dosing ovarian and adenohypohysis hormones in dairy cow ovarian functional disorders
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Drugociu, Dan-Gheorghe; Runceanu, Liviu; Roșca, Petru
The results of the hormonal dosages in cattle with ovarian hypotrophy of the first degree have shown an ovarian hypofunction by adenohypophysary hyposecretion, having FSH, LH and progesterone secretory insufficiency and a low level of prolactine. The same situation was registered in cows presenting an ovarian hypotrophy of the second degree. In the females diagnosed with persistent luteal body, the values of FSH/LH ratio had similar values. In cows with repeated artificial insemination syndrome, the FSH/LH ratio was of 1.29/l for FSH so, we may assess that the main factor of repeated artificial insemination is an adenohypophysary hyposecretion of L.H. For restoring the normal titre of LH and starting the ovulation we recommend that products with LH effect (HCG 1500 U.I.; Gn-RH 2.5 ml) should be administered in cows.
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Investigation on weight increase in Ctenopharyngodon idella species
(2006) Macovei, Valerica; Fotea, Lenuța; Leonte, Doina; Leonte, Corneliu
Ctenopharyngodon idella species was fed with aquatic vegetation. Groups E1, and E1(r) achieved higher weight increases in comparison with the fish belonging to the control group, fed with mixed fodder. At E1 and E1(r ), the mean daily increase was of 3.1 g and at the control group, of 2.9 g. At E1, the index of aquatic vegetation consumption was of 28.8, respectively, 28.3 in E1(r). The consumption index for mixed fodder was of 5.27 at the control group, a great value if we take into account the value of the consumption index of 2, quoted by the specialty literature. At E2, fishes, which were fed with mixed fodder and aquatic vegetation, obtained a mean daily increase of 3.2 g, greater than the increase of 2.9 g at the control and 3.1 g at E1 and E1(r). Therefore, Ctenopharyngodon idella consumed and capitalized well the aquatic vegetation due to some specific features of the digestive system, preferring the mixed fodder, when the aquatic vegetation was insufficient.
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Investigations on sperm production in PIC boars
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Nacu, Gherasim
The biological material was represented by PIC boars for whom the main indices of spermiogram were estimated. The mean ejaculated volume was by 327.0 ± 14.4 ml lower in boars from SL 1075 (304.3 ± 7.3 ml) and insignificantly higher in boars from SL 408 (349.8 ± 7.2 ml). The volume was much influenced by age of boars and season. The mean concentration of sperm in spermatozoon was of 343.9 ± 9.1 x 106 spermatozoids/ml with significant differences between these two synthetic lines: 386.6 ± 12.1 x 106 spermatozoids/ml in SL 1075 and 301.2 ± 9.8 x 106 spermatozoids/ml in SL 408. The mean concentration was higher between 2 and 3 years and in autumn. The mean number of dose/ejaculate was of 20.8, differences being found according to SL of boars (19.7 in SL 408 and 22.0 in SL 1075), age of boars (15.2 at the age of one year, 21.7 at the age of two years, 24.8 at the age of three years and 22 at the age of 3.5 years) and according to the season when sample was taken over: 22.9 in spring, 17.9 in summer, 22.3 in autumn and 20.3 in winter.
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The exposable leaf area and the leaf index, which characterize the grapevine training systems in the Averești Wine-growing Centre, Huși vineyard
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Irimia, Liviu-Mihai; Țârdea, Constantin
Investigations carried out in the Avereşti wine- growing centre, in the Huşi vineyard, pointed out that the training forms on hightrunk and on semi-high trunk defined two different training systems. These were different from each other by the exposable leaf area, the leaf index and the exposure degree of the canopy to the direct solar radiation. The values of these indicators showed that the training system on semi-high trunk had a qualitative potential superior to the training system on high-trunk, ensuring a more rational distribution of the young shoot within the grapevine canopy, and a better exposure of the leaf area to direct solar radiation. Due to these characteristics the training system on semi-high trunk allowed to accumulate higher quantities of sugar in grapes and to obtain must with balanced acidity.
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Contribution on knowing the structure, dynamics and abundance of coleopters (Coleoptera) species in apple-trees plantations
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Tălmaciu, Mihai; Tălmaciu, Nela; Diaconu, Alecu; Irimia, Artene
Investigations were conducted during April-August 2005 on the plantation of apple-trees from Huşi, Vaslui District. 1516 samples of coleopters, bellonging to 28 species were collected. The most abundant species were: Pseudophonus rufipes (853 samples), Opatrum sabulosum (201 samples), Harpalus distinguendus (195 samples), Pseudophonus griseus (85 samples), Amara aenea (48 samples) and Amara familiaris (37 samples). One species was collected during the entire period (Opatrum sabulosum) and five species were collected for three months. These species were Harpalus distinguendus, Amara aenea, Amara familiaris, Dermestes laniarius and Calathus fuscipes.
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Behaviour of grains pea and field pea lines and varieties to the attack caused by Bruchus pisorum L., at the Agricultural Research Station of Podu-Iloaiei, Iasi County
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Săpunaru, Tănase; Filipescu, Constantin; Georgescu, Teodor; Bild, Yvonne-Cecilie
Investigations conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Podu-Iloaiei (1993-1999) have studied the behaviour of grains pea lines and varieties to the attack of pea beetle (Bruchus pisorum L.), which varied between 15.8% and 27.7%. The attack was weak (15.8%- 19.6%) in eight lines and varieties. In field pea lines and varieties, the attack has registered values between 12.5% and 29%, weak attacks being signaled in five lines and varieties (12.5%-17.5%). Climatic factors (temperature and rainfall) and soil management works (sowing period, early harvesting in pea crops and gas treatments with Ultraphos, sulphur, carbon disulphide, etc., before or immediately after storing), diminished the hibernating adult populations during the growth season, under the limit of damaging limit. Pea lines and varieties with weak attacks in grains, produced by Bruchus pisorum L. were recommended for homologation and extension into production.
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Diversity of maize pests and their damaging effect in an agroecosystem from the Western side of the country
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Grozea, Ioana; Badea, Ana-Maria; Prunar, Florin-Vasile; Adam, Floarea
Maize is one of the most important plants in the western side of Romania. During 2002-2005, the research carried out in untreated culture, in the Experimental Field from Jimbolia (Timiş County) pointed out the presence of many damaging species. The most important damaging species concerning the attacked percentage were: Tanymechus dillaticolis (47-69.5%), adults of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (34.6- 40.33%), Oulema melanopa (27.9 - 32.5%), Opatrum sabulosum (17.5- 31.0%), Ostrinia nubilalis (18.87-25.5%) and Aphis maidis (7.13-16.6%). Larvae of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera caused characteristically stalk bending in 4.42-11.08% plants from all the investigated plants. The presence of these pests caused significantly yield decrease.
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Investigations on the influence of fertilization system and erosion on wheat yield and on some soil agrochemical characteristics
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Ailincăi, Costică; Ailincăi, Despina; Zbanț, Maria; Mercuș, Adrian; Cara, Mihai
By diminishing soil fertility, the erosion process determined the differentiation of mean wheat yield according to slope and erosion, from 3905 (100%) to 3078 kg/ha (78.8%). The mean annual losses of yield registered in wheat in the last 10 years, caused by erosion, were of 827 kg/ha (21.2%). The humus and nutrient content from soil was maintained at a supply level proper to the requirements of plant nutrition, only under 3 or 4 year rotation, and in case of annual use of rates of at least 100 kg N + 100 kg P2O5 or mean rates of mineral elements with 60 t/ha manure. The use of mineral fertilizers with manure resulted in increasing mobile phosphorus content from soil until 94 ppm, achieving a good and very good supply in mobile phosphorus and increasing humus content from soil to 4.18%. On weakly and highly eroded soils, the application of moderate rates of mineral fertilizers with 3 t/ha pea stalks determined the improvement in soil ureasic and phosphatasic potential, ensuring a better plant supply with assimilate phosphorus. The use of manure or residues, which are easily degradable with mean rates of mineral elements, resulted in achieving soil nutrient supply and biological characteristics very close to those obtained by using high rates of mineral fertilizers. On slope lands, poor in organic matter and mineral elements, establishing the best fertilizer rates, which ensure crop consumption and maintain good soil supply in mineral elements, is more difficult, especially in crops requiring high amounts of mineral elements, as wheat and maize.
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Biomass and biological fuels
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Popescu, Ch.; Bucur, Daniel
The analysis of results obtained at national and international level on the utilization of renewable energy sources pointed out the opportunity of over-passing the energy crisis by the orientation of world economy to produce energy by the help of biomass. The high plant mass volume present in the world could compensate the relatively low output of light energy conversion through photosynthesis. The climatic conditions from Romania favourable to plant growing with high capacity of biomass multiplication, as well as farming by-product, animal dejections, domestic garbage, can ensure the biogas necessary to cover a great percentage of the energy necessary for animal breeding farms or heating dwellings.
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Prevalence of parasitical infestations in sheep from the Didactic Station of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iaşi, during 2003-2005
("Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2006) Acatrinei, Dumitru-Mihai; Miron, Liviu-Dan; Mihalachi, Simona
The parasitical cases were monitored in sheep from the Experimental Didactic Station of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iaşi, during 2003-2005. Cestode (Thysaniezia giardi), trematodes (Dicrocoelium lanceatum), nematode (Trichostrongyloidea/Trichostrongylidae family, Dictyocaulida family; Metastrongyloidea/Protostrongylidae family) and arthropods from Arachnida classes (Acari subclass) and Insecta caused the parasitoses diagnosed in that period. Every year, psoroptic scabies has affected sheep during stable period, when the lowest temperatures of the season were reached. Grazing after the prophylactic autumn disinfection developed a trichostrongili population in the body of hosts, which was sufficient to pollute grassland and perpetuate parasitosis. The interruption of biological cycle by adult or one of the intermediary host systematic destroying has resulted in the diminution of dicroceliosis incidence

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