2024

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.iuls.ro/handle/20.500.12811/4635

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Microbiological and hygienic quality of Aubrac cattle fresh meat
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest , Romania, 2024) Mădescu, Bianca-Maria; Lazăr, Roxana; Postolache, Alina Narcisa; Davidescu, Mădălina-Alexandra; Ciobanu, Marius-Mihai; Boișteanu, Paul-Corneliu
This work aimed to investigate and evaluate the microbiological control of carcasses from Aubrac cattle, focusing on ensuring quality and food safety in the meat industry. In this research, three microbiological parameters were monitored: contamination with Salmonella, total bacterial count and contamination with Enterobacteriaceae. The sponge sampling method was employed, involving the wiping of a 100 cm2 surface area with a template using sponges soaked in sterile diluted peptone. Sampling was carried out randomly from ten carcasses (males and females), selecting four areas with the highest contamination frequency from each carcass, resulting in a total surface area of 400 mm2. Following the tests, it was seen that the samples did not contain any bacteria from the Salmonella genus or the Enterobacteriaceae family. In terms of the total number of bacteria, the highest microbial load was found in males (8.2 x 102 cfu/cm2) on carcasses 2 and 5. Simultaneously, the lowest microbial load (6.0 x 102 cfu/cm2) was recorded on carcass 4 from females. We can conclude that, based on the results, these values are below the accepted standard limit, indicating wholesome meat.
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Morphostructural characterization of Longissimus dorsi muscle tissue of Aubrac cattle
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest , Romania, 2024) Madescu, Bianca-Maria; Postolache, Alina Narcisa; Bolohan, Ioana; Pașca, Sorin-Aurelian; Boișteanu, Paul-Corneliu
The purpose of this paper was to highlight the results of the morphostructural characterization of Longissimus dorsi muscle tissue of the Aubrac breed, exploited in Romania. The present research focused on a population of 38 cattle, including both males and females, raised in a semi-intensive farming system. Longitudinal measurements (major and minor diameter, mean, DM/Dm ratio, length) as well as transverse measurements (diameter, area) of muscle fibres were conducted, and the results were statistically interpreted. In terms of determining the length of muscle fibres in the longitudinal section, significant differences between genders are observed. In males, the large diameter recorded values of 77.17 µm, while in females, it was 64.73 µm. Regarding the determination of the area of muscle fibres in cross-sectional analysis, significant differences were noted between males and females (in males, it's an average of 2226.83 µm2, while in females it's 1576.60 µm2). This shows that in the Aubrac breed, the area of muscle fibres in meat content can vary by gender. In conclusion, longissimus dorsi muscle is particularly important and valuable in the beef industry
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Avian Evolution: A Comprehensive Review Of Taxonomy And Phylogenetic History
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest , Romania, 2024) Bolohan, Ioana; Lazăr, Roxana; Madescu. Bianca Maria; Boișteanu, Paul-Corneliu
With an integrative approach to research, this study explores the taxonomy and complex evolutionary history of birds, employing an integrative research approach in order to deconstruct the multi-faceted narrative of bird evolution. By converging molecular phylogenetics, comparative morphology, and biogeographic analyses, we conducted a comprehensive taxonomic reassessment, resulting in fine-tuning the classification of birds and revealing novel phylogenetic relationships. Our exploration extends into the fossil record, where the integration of paleontological data and molecular clock analyses illuminates key evolutionary steps. Our findings highlight a dynamic evolutionary trajectory characterized by diversification events and adaptive radiations that have intricately shaped the avian lineage across geological epochs. Advanced imaging technologies and biomechanical assessments further enrich our understanding of the morphological adaptations underlying avian ecological niches. This multidimensional research not only propels the field of avian taxonomy forward but also provides a nuanced perspective on the complicated coevolutionary dance between birds and their environments. The study provides valuable insights into the broader landscape of avian evolutionary biology, enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms that have sculpted avian diversity and ecological interactions over millions of years.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity In Functional Meat Products Through Infusion With Sea Buckthorn Oil To Combat Inherent Antioxidant Deficiency
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest , Romania, 2024) Anchidin, Bianca-Georgiana; Lipșa, Florin-Daniel; Manoliu, Diana-Remina; Ciobanu, Marius-Mihai; Ciobotaru, Mihai-Cătălin; Gucianu, Ioana; Boișteanu, Paul-Corneliu
Given the growing concern in recent years for a healthier diet, attention must also be directed towards improving the quality profile of meat products and transforming them, as much as possible, into functional foods that combine the benefits of plant-based products with those of animal-origin products. With this in mind, we aimed to develop a functional meat product, given the recent scrutiny these products have faced, by using an oil with antioxidant effects to enhance the antioxidant profile of products with insignificant endogenous antioxidant levels. To achieve this, three batches of pork tenderloin were injected with 1%, 3%, and 5% sea buckthorn oil, and were analyzed in terms of antioxidant capacity, physicochemical and microbiological quality, and sensory perception. Most results showed highly significant differences (p < 0.001) between batches, with superior quality observed in the batch injected with 5% sea buckthorn oil and subjected to heat treatment. However, consumers preferred the batch injected with 3% sea buckthorn oil due to its more balanced taste. This research underscores the potential to develop meat-based functional foods with enhanced nutritional benefits.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
From waste to valuable food: development and qualitative differential characterization of bone broths from juvenile and adult cattle
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest , Romania, 2024) Anchidin, Bianca Georgiana; Gucianu, Ioana; Lipșa, Florin-Daniel; Ciobanu, Marius Mihai; Flocea, Elena-Iuliana; Boișteanu, Paul-Corneliu
Following the slaughtering and processing of animals for meat, only one-third of them is meat, while the remainder consists of byproducts and waste, which need to be processed and utilized appropriately. Industrial byproducts constitute costly losses for these industries and pose challenges in their eco-friendly disposal. These costs can be offset through innovation to generate value-added products that increase profitability. Efficient utilization of byproducts has a direct impact on the economy and the environment. This study explores the potential to create collagen-rich bone broths and to this end, four batches were developed, two made from bones sourced from adult cattle and two from bones sourced from juvenile cattle. These were analyzed physicochemically and microbiologically to characterize them qualitatively. The findings suggest that both types of bone broths offer significant nutritional value, with variations influenced by the age of the cattle and the vegetable additions, as evidenced by highly significant differences (p < 0.001) among batches obtained through statistical processing. These findings underscore the importance of efficiently exploiting resources and the potential to develop valuable food products from seemingly residual sources.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Effect of wet-aging with vitamin C on quality biomarkers of biceps femoris muscles collected from sustainable management of Cervus elaphus L. population from northern eastern carpathians, Romania
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest , Romania, 2024) Boișteanu, Paul-Corneliu; Flocea, Elena-Iuliana; Ciobanu, Marius-Mihai
This work aims to investigate Wet-Aging with Vitamin C on chemical properties of Biceps femoris muscles collected from sustainable management of Cervus elaphus L. population from Northern Eastern Carpathians, Romania. 2% Alkaline Vitamin C Powder per 0.520 kg muscle sample, 4% Alkaline Vitamin C Powder per 0.504 sample kg, and 6% Alkaline Vitamin C Powder per 0.496 kg sample were used. Samples were protected from light and kept at 2°C for 10 days in order not to accelerate oxidative stress of the muscle samples. The influence of Vitamin C used in the wet-aging method was tested by performing quality biomarkers analyses. Data distribution was evaluated using SPSS Statistics 26.0 software. Non-parametric Independent Samples Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to analyze how the percentage of protein, water, collagen, and fat varied with the concentration of vitamin C in muscle samples. The results suggest that there are significant differences for quality biomarkers (***p < 0.001) in the percentage of fat, water, protein, and collagen in particular, between the percentages of 4.00 % and 6.00% Vitamin C introduced. Bonferroni correction was applied to counteract errors for multiple assays and to reduce the chance of an erroneous conclusion.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Aquaculture In Transition: Predictive Insights Into Romanian Aquaculture Production
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest , Romania, 2024) Gheorghe-Irimia, Raluca-Aniela; Tăpăloagă, Dana; Șonea, Cosmin; Usturoi, Alexandru; Tăpăloagă, Paul-Rodian
The significance of aquaculture in contributing to global food security is well-established, especially as traditional fishery yields plateau. Recognizing the essential role of hatcheries and nurseries in sustainable development, this paper examines Romanian aquaculture, predicting production trends until 2034. Employing time-series analysis via Microsoft Excel, it forecasts production at various life cycle stages, from eggs to juveniles, excluding mature aquaculture outputs. The study highlights expected outputs alongside their associated confidence intervals, pinpointing potential fluctuations. The forecasted trends in Romanian aquaculture highlight the potential for growth in the sector, reflecting an industry poised to meet future demands. However, the variability encapsulated within the confidence intervals suggests that stakeholders should remain adaptable to changes. Strategic planning should therefore incorporate these forecasts while also considering environmental, economic, and technological developments that could influence production. The findings underscore the need for ongoing research and adaptive management to maintain and enhance the contribution of aquaculture to food security and economic development in Romania and beyond.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Influence Of Formal And Non-Formal Educational Activities On The Academic Integration Of First-Year Students Of "Ion Ionescu De La Brad" University Of Life Sciences (Iuls) Iasi, Romania, For Reducing Early Dropout
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest , Romania, 2024) Brezuleanu, Carmen-Olguța; Sîrghea, Alina; Mihalache, Roxana; Ungureanu, Elena; Brezuleanu, Stejărel
University dropout has become a worrying reality for the education system in general, but also for Romania in particular, which ranks first in Europe. Thus, the worrying phenomenon of early university leaving is a phenomenon that has complex causes and therefore requires a variety of ways to combat it. These include the development of a supportive extra-curricular environment and individualized teaching practices focused on student-centered learning to support their potential. The aim of the research undertaken in this paper is to demonstrate the contribution of learning support activities in a formal and non-formal environment to the progress of first year of "Iasi University of Life Sciences" (IULS) students in the Faculties of Agriculture and Horticulture in reducing dropout. The qualitative research methodology was carried out through a review of the literature on university dropout, predominantly early. The case study, as a quantitative research method, is composed of a questionnaire containing 13 questions applied to first year students at IULS Iasi. The resulting data were processed and analyzed by statistical methods, and after interpreting the results we formed an overview of the problem of the causes of early university dropout of first year students and thus could apply personalized support measures. As a result of the steps taken in this respect, adaptability to the university environment increased and early university leaving was reduced, which provided us with a working model. This work has an innovative character in terms of the educational support measures provided to first year students at IULS Iasi, which constitute a model of good practice for increasing the adaptability of first year students to the university environment and for reducing early dropout. These extracurricular activities, carried out in a formal and especially non-formal friendly environment in a modern way, must be continued and adapted to the students' needs, but taking into account the skills they need to acquire in order to finally integrate into the changing labour market.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Adaptation of entrepreneurial education and training in economics for the students of "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences (IULS) Iași, Romania, in the context of changing labour market needs
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest , Romania, 2024) Brezuleanu, Carmen-Olguța; Mihalache, Roxana; Brezuleanu, Mădălina-Maria; Ungureanu, Elena; Sîrghea, Alina
The role of university education in providing access to the labour market (employment) is reflected in increased employment opportunities for the educated population. The relationship between the unemployment rate and educational attainment is evident: the unemployment rate decreases as one moves from lower to higher levels of education. It can be seen that the unemployment rate, in terms of its size and dynamics, is inversely proportional to the level of education: it falls as the level of education rises, and vice versa. The aim of the research in this paper is to respond to the need to teach students with practical solutions for getting the skills needed to be easily employable in the labour market after graduation. The paper used a quantitative (questionnaire) and a qualitative (bibliometric) analysis. The data studied through the research shows the need for final-year students to receive additional practical skills training for employability. Entrepreneurship education, in addition to the university curriculum, can provide them with a viable alternative to increase their chances of integrating into the 21st century labour market. The innovative character of the work derives from the concrete practical activities that supported the optional entrepreneurial training of IULS students from Iasi. We can affirm, following the study undertaken, that the development of such additional and adapted educational activities increases young graduates' practical skills needed on the labour market. The access to non-reimbursable European funds, which offer additional educational opportunities to students, must be continued in order to produce the major economic effects expected by the whole Romanian society, with the aim of reducing youth unemployment.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Comparative Analysis of Growth Performance, Morphological Development, and Physiological Condition in Three Romanian Cyprinus carpio Varieties and Koi: Implications for Aquaculture
(MDPI, 2024-11-12) Șerban, Dana-Andreea; Barbacariu, Cristian-Alin; Burducea, Marian; Ivancia, Mihaela; Creangă, Șteofil
This study investigates the influence of internal factors on growth dynamics in four Cyprinus carpio varieties, three Romanian strains (Frăsinet, Ineu, and Podu Iloaiei) and the Koi variety. Fish were measured for total length, maximum height, and weight at four ontogenic stages, namely 7 days post-hatch, 3 months (0+), 18 months old (1+), and 36 months (2+). Weight Gain (WG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Fulton’s condition factor, and the profile index were calculated and analyzed. Results revealed significant intervariety differences in growth performance and physiological condition across life stages. At the 2+ stage, Podu Iloaiei exhibited the highest WG (849.73 ± 4.09 g), while Koi showed the lowest (403.99 ± 14.21 g). Koi demonstrated a unique growth pattern, with the highest SGR (0.18 ± 0.00% day−1) and RGR (0.98 ± 0.05 g day−1) at the 2+ stage. Fulton’s condition factor varied markedly, with Frăsinet showing the highest value at 7 days post-hatch (149.57 ± 17.485) and Koi the lowest at the 1+ stage (0.63 ± 0.011). The profile index decreased with age in all varieties, with Podu Iloaiei showing the most dramatic change from 4.22 ± 0.149 at 7 days to 2.18 ± 0.004 at 2+. These findings highlight the complex interplay between genetic and developmental factors in carp varieties, offering new insights for tailored breeding programs and aquaculture practices.
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The Influence of Season and Age on Specific Semen Traits and Reproductive Behavior in Carpatina Breed Bucks
(MDPI, 2024-11-20) Pascal, Constantin; Pânzaru, Claudia; Radu Rusu, Răzvan-Mihail; Maciuc, Vasile; Florea, Alexandru-Marian; Nechifor, Ionică
This study explores how age and seasonal changes impact semen characteristics and reproductive behavior in Carpatina breed bucks. Males were divided into three age groups: young (14–23 months; L14), adult (3–4 years; L34), and older (5–6 years; L56). Scrotal biometry was determined using a measuring tape, and testicular volume was evaluated by fully submerging the testes in a water-filled container and measuring the displaced water. Semen analysis was conducted on samples collected each season, with volume, color, and acidity being assessed. The evaluation of specific semen characteristics (motility, sperm concentration, normal spermatozoa) was conducted using a Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) system, and testosterone levels were measured in blood samples collected at the start of each season. Behavior and sexual reflexes were evaluated based on mating desire and the bucks’ reaction to the presence of females. Key findings indicate that testicular volume varies significantly with both age and season, with the most pronounced differences between younger bucks and the older groups, especially during autumn. Semen quality parameters such as ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, and motility also showed seasonal fluctuations, with younger bucks having lower sperm concentrations. Testosterone levels were observed to increase with age, peaking in autumn. Behavioral observations revealed that younger bucks exhibited less intense sexual activity, although this improved during autumn. Additionally, a significant correlation was identified between body weight and testicular volume in adult bucks (R = 0.942, p-value = 0.016 for L34; R = 0.797, p-value = 0.022 for L56), suggesting that age plays a crucial role in reproductive potential. Our findings highlight that, while bucks are capable of year-round reproduction, autumn provides optimal conditions for semen quality and reproductive performance. This research has valuable implications for optimizing breeding programs, contributing to genetic advancement, and improving management strategies in goat farming, especially within temperate continental climates.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Equine Milk and Meat: Nutritious and Sustainable Alternatives for Global Food Security and Environmental Sustainability - A Review
(MDPI, 2024-12-13) Pânzaru, Claudia; Doliș, Marius-Gheorghe; Radu Rusu, Răzvan-Mihail; Pascal, Constantin; Maciuc, Vasile; Davidescu, Mădălina-Alexandra
Global hunger and malnutrition continue to pose significant challenges, entailing innovative and environmentally responsible practices to improve food security. Equine products offer a valuable opportunity to diversify diets and combat nutritional deficiencies. Equine milk, rich in bioavailable nutrients, essential fatty acids, and hypoallergenic properties, serves as an excellent dietary supplement; this aspect could be applied particularly in regions where conventional dairy is inaccessible or unsuitable due to allergies, lactose intolerance, or other health conditions. Similarly, equine meat, known for its high-quality protein content, low fat content, and essential micronutrients like iron and zinc, provides an affordable and sustainable protein source for food-insecure populations. The ability of equines to thrive on marginal lands, coupled with their lower environmental impact compared to traditional livestock (such as ruminants), underscores their potential within sustainable agricultural systems. This review examines the role of equine products in addressing global hunger, highlighting their nutritional benefits, environmental advantages, and the necessity for further research to tackle challenges related to versatility, cultural acceptance, and policy integration.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Endangered Transylvanian Pinzgau Cattle: A Key Resource for Biodiversity Conservation and the Sustainability of Livestock Production
(MDPI, 2024-12-06) Davidescu, Mădălina-Alexandra; Pânzaru, Claudia; Mădescu, Bianca-Maria; Radu Rusu, Răzvan-Mihail; Doliș, Marius-Gheorghe; Simeanu, Cristina; Usturoi, Alexandru; Ciobanu, Andrei; Creangă, Șteofil
Animal biodiversity is essential for maintaining the functionality of local food systems and ensuring sustainable livelihoods. Starting in 2000, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (F.A.O.) has drawn attention to the decline in cattle populations, including the Transylvanian Pinzgau breed from Romania. Renowned for its hardiness, adaptability, and enhanced resistance to diseases and climate change, the Transylvanian Pinzgau is regarded as an important genetic asset for advancing livestock production. As a result, tracking genetic diversity has become a key focus in breeding programs, particularly for small, endangered local populations that play a vital role in regional agro-ecological systems. This research paper sought to assess the genetic diversity of a group of 24 head of cattle from the Transylvania region by analyzing two mtDNA markers, cytochrome b and D-loop sequences, both widely recognized for their relevance and importance in the analysis of genetic diversity of cattle and phylogenetic studies. The findings, derived through statistical analysis of nucleotide sequences using specialized software, indicated that the analyzed cattle are part of the ancestral T haplogroup, with a direct lineage tracing back to Bos taurus. This information can aid in developing crossbreeding programs focused on conserving essential genetic resources, improving other cattle breeds, and protecting biodiversity.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Comparative Assessment of the Nutritional and Sanogenic Features of Certain Cheese Sorts Originating in Conventional Dairy Farms and in “Mountainous” Quality System Farms
(MDPI, 2024-01-24) Maciuc, Vasile; Pânzaru, Claudia; Ciocan Alupii, Maria; Radu Rusu, Cristina-Gabriela; Radu Rusu, Răzvan-Mihail
In order to highlight the influence of cattle farming systems on dairy products, assessments were carried out on certain varieties of cheese—marked with the “Mountain product” quality label in comparison with those conventionally produced ones not bearing the quality label. The study was carried out using products obtained from raw milk issued from seven farms and transformed into cheese in four small dairy factories from the mountainous area of Dornelor Basin, Suceava County, Northeastern Romania. The analyzed cheese issued from the “mountain” production system were “Călimani” Schweizer, “Călimani” Cașcaval, “Călimani” smoked Cașcaval, and “Călimani” Telemea—salty brined cheese. Both the “Mountain cheese” and conventional cheese samples produced throughout the same shift were collected and kept under refrigeration conditions until laboratory analysis in order to compare the production systems. The physico-chemical analysis revealed higher amounts of minerals (2.8 to 10.7% Ca; 2.8 to 9.5% P; 12.3% to double the amount of Fe, p < 0.001) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (+5.6 to +13.7%), in mountain cheeses versus the conventionally processed ones. Also, the sanogenic indices had higher values in the “Mountain cheese”, such as the polyunsaturation index (+4.3 to 7.8%) and hypocholesterolic/hypercholesterolic fatty acid ratio (+1.8 to 3.7%), while the atherogenic index and the thrombogenic index had lower values (−1.9 to −4.3%) compared to the conventionally produced cheese, thus revealing healthier properties for consumers. The Enterobacteriaceae family species were identified in “Mountain cheese”, while they were absent from conventionally processed cheese, knowing the raw matter milk is thermally treated at ultra-high temperatures in the latter ones. In the “Mountain cheese”, such microorganisms were found within the safety regulation limits and contributed to providing flavor, taste, color, and specific texture, making it superior in terms of sensorial quality compared to the conventionally produced cheese.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
On the Digestibility of Mulberry Leaf Fed to Bombyx mori Larvae
(MDPI, 2024-08-18) Doliș, Marius-Gheorghe; Pânzaru, Claudia; Usturoi, Marius-Giorgi; Usturoi, Alexandru; Radu Rusu, Cristina-Gabriela; Davidescu, Mădălina-Alexandra
Considering that sericulture is an important branch of animal husbandry, not only for the production of silk but also as a valuable source of protein, it is necessary to constantly study the possibilities for its improvement as a branch of this domain. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to assess the nutritional value and digestibility of mulberry leaves from the Kokuso 21 and Eforie varieties, as consumed by silkworms (Bombyx mori L., Bombicidae Family, Lepidoptera Order) during a summer study, in 2021. The Japanese variety (Kokuso 21) and the Romanian variety (Eforie) were used as food sources for the Triumf hybrid, developed in Romania; the larvae were divided in two batches of 300 larvae and each set was subdivided into six groups of 50 larvae, which were raised in paper trays based on their age and size. The research indicated that mulberry leaves have an average digestibility value of 54.46%; the aging process of the leaves altered their chemical composition, with most nutrients showing a decreasing trend in digestibility throughout the larval growth period, except for crude fiber, which remained unchanged in the early larval stages and increased to 26.78% towards the end of the experiment. Overall, the Kokuso 21 variety demonstrated superior nutrient digestibility compared to Eforie. An important finding from this study is the need for future research to determine the degree of nutrient metabolism and conversion into silk.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Effect of Dietary Incorporation of Hemp Seeds Alone or with Dried Fruit Pomace on Laying Hens’ Performance and on Lipid Composition and Oxidation Status of Egg Yolks
(MDPI, 2024-02-28) Mierliță, Daniel; Teușdea, Alin-Cristian; Matei, Mădălina; Pascal, Constantin; Simeanu, Daniel; Pop, Ioan-Mircea
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of introducing hemp seeds, as a source of PUFAs, into a standard diet with or without dried fruit pomace (dried blackcurrant (DB) or dried rosehip (DR)), as a source of natural antioxidants, on the laying performance of hens and the FA profile, cholesterol level, antioxidant content, and lipid oxidative status in the yolks of fresh eggs or eggs stored at 4 °C for 28 days. The experiment used 128 Tetra SL hens at 35 weeks of age, which were divided into four groups and randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: a standard corn–wheat–soybean meal diet (C), standard diet containing 8% ground hemp seed (H), hemp seed diet containing 3% dried blackcurrant pomace (HB), and hemp seed diet containing 3% dried rosehip pomace (HR). The laying rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg weight, and yolk weight were improved by the use of hemp seeds. The yolks of the H, HB, and HR eggs had a lower cholesterol (p ˂ 0.01) and SFA content, while the concentration of total and individual PUFAs (n-6 and n-3 FAs) was significantly higher (p ˂ 0.01) compared to C. In addition, the introduction of hemp seeds into the diets alone or with dried fruit pomace (DB or DR) led to increased (p ˂ 0.001) content of α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and hypo-/hypercholesterolemic FA ratio and decreased arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) content, n-6/n-3 ratio, and thrombogenicity index (TI) compared to the control eggs. The introduction of dried fruit pomace (DB or DR) into the diets had no effect on the laying performance of the hens or the cholesterol content and FA profile of the egg yolks, compared to the diet supplemented only with hemp seeds. The dried fruit pomace improved the color, accumulation of antioxidants, and oxidative stability of fats in the yolks of the fresh eggs and eggs stored at 4 °C for 28 days. The DR was found to have the most desirable effects, producing the most intense color of egg yolks, the highest content of natural antioxidants, and the best oxidative stability of yolk lipids.

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