2015

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    Efficacy of two anthelmintic products on strongyles in horses from stud farms in Romania
    (Elsevier B.V., 2015) Buzatu, Marius-Cătălin; Mitrea, Ioan-Liviu; Miron, Liviu-Dan; Ioniță, Mariana
    Nematodes belonging to the group of equine strongyles have a huge impact on equine health. Studies in horse establishments world-wide have shown a tremendous occurrence of these parasites under largely different geographic and climatic conditions. Accordingly, decades of strongyle control have been based on regular and frequent preventive treatments with anthelmintics and, subsequently, this has led to increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, it is essential that investigations into the efficacy of current anthelmintics in different locations are performed to help future reliable control programmes. This paper reports preliminary data of a survey conducted in Romania to evaluate the efficacy of two commonly used anthelmintics (fenbendazole - FBZ and ivermectin - IVM) against horse strongyles, using a faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Horses with a strongyle faecal egg count (FEC) of ≥50 eggs per gram (EPG) were enrolled into the study. The anthelmintic efficacy was determined by calculating the percentage of reduction in FEC between the group mean at Day 0 and Days 14 post-treatment. Individual strongyle faecal egg count reduction tests (n=137) were performed on three stud farms (R, S, C) in which 108 and 29 horses were administered ivermectin and fenbendazole, respectively. The results of the study have shown that the efficacy was within the expected range with no signs of anthelmintic resistance for IVM (98.2-100%). However, FBZ resistance was suspected in one stud (the group mean FECR of 75.4%). Thus, further studies are planned to investigate extension of the anthelmintic resistance in horse parasites including an increased number and different horse establishments in Romania, in order to design realistic control programmes carrying a limited risk of selection for anthelmintic resistance and improve overall health of the horses.
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    PCR identification of five species from the Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in North-Eastern Romania
    (Springer Nature Link, 2015-04-01) Ivănescu, Maria-Larisa; Acatrinei, Dumitru-Mihai; Pavel, Ionuț; Sulesco, Tatiana; Miron, Liviu-Dan
    The members of the Anopheles maculipennis complex have been incriminated for the transmission of the malaria in Europe, which was endemic until the middle of the century. The global warming and the intensification of the intercontinental travel constitute a risk of the re-emergence of the malaria in Europe, given the presence of the Anopheles vectors. The study has attempted the identification by using the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) of the members of the Anopheles maculipennis complex from the North-eastern area of Romania from the city of Iaşi. In total there have been identified by using the PCR amplifying the ITS2 sequence of the ribosomal DNA, 217 specimens belonging to the complex of A. maculipennis among which: 58 A. atroparvus, 18 A. melanoon, 2 A. labranchiae, 52 A. maculipennis and 87 A. messeae. The ITS2 sequences of the ribosomal DNA have been compared to those of the species belonging to the A. maculipennis available in GenBank. The Species A. labranchiae is reported for the first time in Romania, being identified in the larval stage IV. The adaptation of a new species to the climatic conditions present in the North-eastern Romania, confirms the phenomenon of global warming and also the intensification of the travelling. As a result of the analysis of the A. labranchiae sequence, this one corresponds to the extent of 96% to the species from Italy, registered in GenBank, given the fact that a high number of the inhabitants of the municipality of Iaşi are working in this country.