2026

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listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The Effects of a Mixture of Monochromatic Green and Blue Light on Growth Performance and Immune Response in Bursa of Fabricius by Morphometry Using Staining and Immunohistochemistry in Broiler Chickens
(MDPI, 2026-04-17) Horodincu, Loredana; Cotrutz, Victor; Herțanu, Radu; Petrovic, Adriana; Popovici, Ivona; Solcan, Gheorghe; Ciubotariu,Alexandra; Henea, Mădălina; Galan, Lenuța; Pogoreanu, Rareș; Dinuț-Cebuc, Adina-Ștefana; Stafie, Silviu; Solcan, Carmen
The use of colored LED lights is a tool for controlling the development of lymphoid organs and the immune system in general. This study aims to analyze the effects of using simple and combined colored LED lights throughout a 6 week period (1–42 days of age). In this study, 336 one-day-old chicks were used, separated randomly into four groups with different sex and lighting systems, with each group being divided into four separate replicates (4 × 21 birds). The chicks in the WL-Male and WL-Female were exposed to white LED light (WL, 400–760 nm) for 6 weeks, while the chicks in the G-GxB-BL-Male and G-GxB-BL-Female were exposed to a combination of monochromatic lights as follows: green (560 nm) from 1 to 14 days of age, green and blue (480–560 nm) for 15–28 days of age, and blue lights (480 nm) for 29–42 days of age. The use of a mixture of green and blue LED lights (G-GxB-BL) resulted in a significant decrease in the average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio compared to white light, without causing changes in the body weight of the chicks, average daily gain, mortality rate, and coefficient of variability. G-GxB-BL lights also improved the morphological development of the bursa of Fabricius (BF) compared to white light by significantly increasing the organ index and the lymphoid follicle area. At the same time, G-GxB-BL light compared to white light improved B lymphocytes proliferation in the BF by significantly increasing the lymphocyte density in lymphoid follicles, as well as the number of PCNA-positive cells. This light treatment had these results due to the activation of melatonin receptors, which led to a significant increase in Mel1a-positive cells and a significant decrease in the number of RORα-positive cells. These results demonstrate that G-GxB-BL lights improved the growth performance and immune response in the BF of broiler chickens.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Risk Factors and Antibiotic Utilization Patterns in Multidrug-Resistant Surgical Infections: A Retrospective Study From a Romanian Tertiary-Care Center
(Wiley, 2026-06-19) Ambrosie, Lucian; Dan, Maria; Ilie, Ovidiu-Dumitru; Condrea, Tabita-Daniela; Purice, Mihaela; Blaj, Mihaela; Ionescu, Lidia; Timofte, Daniel-Vasile
Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections represent a major challenge in surgical patients, particularly in settings with prolonged hospitalization and intensive care exposure. Identifying risk factors and their impact on mortality is essential for optimizing antimicrobial stewardship and infection control strategies. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study including surgical patients admitted to a Romanian tertiary-care hospital between 2020 and 2022. Demographic, clinical, microbiological, and antibiotic utilization data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify factors associated with MDR infection and in-hospital mortality. Results Prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay and longer hospitalization were the main independent predictors of MDR infection. Antibiotic prophylaxis was also associated with MDR status, likely reflecting increased antimicrobial exposure in high-risk patients, while a higher comorbidity burden showed an inverse association. MDR infections were strongly associated with increased in-hospital mortality and remained an independent predictor after adjustment, alongside ICU stay and older age. MDR cases were characterized by more frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, whereas non-MDR patients more commonly received narrower-spectrum regimens. The most frequent MDR pathogens included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Conclusions MDR infections in surgical patients are primarily driven by prolonged healthcare exposure, particularly ICU admission and extended hospitalization. These findings highlight the importance of targeted infection control measures and optimized antimicrobial use to reduce mortality and limit the spread of resistance.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Edema and Structural Remodeling in Equine Suspensory Ligament Injury: A Severity Gradient Associated with Microvascular Dysfunction
(MDPI, 2026-05-08) Lazăr, Constantin; Vulpe, Vasile; Baisan, Andrei-Radu; Pivariu, Dalma; Bora, Florin-Dumitru; Crecan, Cristian-Mihăiță
Suspensory ligament injury is a major cause of lameness in sport horses, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to characterize histopathological alterations of the equine suspensory ligament and to evaluate their association with imaging features. A comparative descriptive study was performed on sport horses with forelimb lameness, combining clinical evaluation, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathological analysis. Ligament samples were collected post-mortem from anatomically defined regions selected based on imaging findings to allow regional imaging–histopathology correlation. The results showed a consistent presence of edema in perivascular, interfascicular, and intrafascicular compartments, indicating a diffuse disturbance of tissue fluid balance. Lesions with lower severity were characterized by increased vascular permeability and mild extracellular matrix expansion, whereas lesions with greater structural severity demonstrated vascular remodeling, including endothelial thickening, vascular wall changes, and perivascular connective tissue proliferation, associated with collagen disorganization. Regional differences were observed, with more pronounced alterations in the proximal region compared to the branch region. These findings are consistent with a pattern of structural changes associated with microvascular alterations, demonstrating variation in lesion severity across samples and supporting an association between imaging categories and semi-quantitative histological features. However, given the cross-sectional design, causality cannot be established.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Immunohistochemical and western blot expression of MMPs, TIMPs, and cytokeratin 10 in feline squamous cell carcinoma
(Frontiers Media, 2026-04-10) Tutu, Paul; Altamura, Gennaro; Bocăneți Daraban, Florentina; Hrițcu, Ozana Maria; Pașca, Aurelian-Sorin; Dascălu, Mihaela Anca; Horodincu, Loredana; Tănase, Oana Irina; Mareș, Mihai; Borzacchiello, Giuseppe
Background: Feline oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are aggressive neoplasms characterized by high local invasiveness. Given its spontaneous occurrence and molecular similarities, feline SCC represents a robust comparative model for human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HHNSCC). This pilot study aimed to characterize the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs), their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and cytokeratin 10 (CK10) in relation to Papillomavirus (PV) status, and to explore the viral-molecular relationship in feline oncology. Methods: Ten feline SCC samples (3 oral and 7 cutaneous) were analyzed. PV DNA was detected using PCR with degenerated primers FAP59/FAP64. Protein expression of MMP-2, -9, -13, -14, TIMP-2, -3, and CK10 was analyzed and quantified via immunohistochemistry (IHC) (H-score) and validated through Western blot analysis. Statistical correlations were determined using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and statistical differences between groups were assessed via Mann–Whitney U test. Results: PV DNA was identified in 6/10 samples. IHC analysis revealed that MMPs (-2, -9, -13, -14) exhibited stronger cytoplasmic and nuclear immunostaining compared to the more restricted signals of TIMPs and CK10, showing a strong inverse correlation with MMP-2, linking invasiveness to dedifferentiation. Significant positive correlations were found between MMP-9/TIMP-3 and MMP-2/MMP-9. TIMP-2 expression was significantly higher in PV-negative samples. Western blot confirmed these results, showing consistent bands. Conclusion: This pilot study provides the first characterization of MMPs, TIMPs, and CK10 in feline SCC, establishing a foundation for future research into feline PV species and reinforce the value of the feline model in comparative oncology.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Acute Toxicity of Three Synthetic Cannabinoids: First In Vivo Preclinical Study
(MDPI, 2026-07-05) Filipiuc, Silviu-Iulian; Tamba, Bogdan-Ionel; Filipiuc, Leontina-Elena; Bild, Veronica; Ababei, Daniela-Carmen; Stanciu, Gabriela-Dumitrița; Gogu, Maria-Raluca; Urîtu, Cristina-Mariana; Solcan, Carmen; Foia, Cezar Ilie; Bil, Walther
Background and Objectives: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are new psychoactive substances associated with acute intoxications. Experimental data obtained under controlled and comparable conditions remain limited for this category of compounds. This descriptive, hypothesis-generating screening study aimed to characterize the acute toxicity profile of three SCs, JWH-007, AM-694, and MAB-CHMINACA. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity was evaluated in female Swiss Albino mice, in accordance with the OECD 423 guideline, following oral and intraperitoneal administration. Animals were monitored for 14 days for behavioral and clinical signs of toxicity. At the end, histopathological examination was performed to describe organ-level changes. Serum concentrations of the tested compounds were quantified by LC-ESI-MS/MS 24 h after intraperitoneal administration. Results: The three compounds were associated with distinct behavioral, clinical, and histopathological observations. JWH-007 was associated with transient behavioral depression and histopathological changes in peripheral organs. AM-694 was associated with histopathological changes in systemic organs and limited behavioral manifestations. MAB-CHMINACA was associated with acute behavioral toxicity and central nervous system lesions, including neuronal vacuolization, necrosis, oedema, and inflammatory changes. Conclusions: These preliminary findings describe compound-specific in vivo toxicity patterns and may inform the design of future confirmatory studies on SCs’ toxicity. The observed behavioral and histopathological changes should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and require statistical validation before conclusions can be drawn regarding comparative toxicity, structural class effects, or predictive value for risk stratification.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Zinc Potentiates the Renoprotective Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus in Rats
(MDPI, 2026-05-09) Anton, Irina Claudia; Solcan, Carmen; Mititelu Tarțău, Liliana; Amalinei, Cornelia; Poroch, Mihaela; Poroch, Vladimir; Buca, Beatrice Rozalina; Tarțău, Cosmin-Gabriel; Pelin, Ana-Maria; Botnariu, Gina Eosefina
background: Diabetic kidney disease is a common and serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and represents a major contributor to chronic kidney disease (CKD) globally. While sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated significant renoprotective effects, the potential advantages of combining these agents with micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory properties, have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to assess the effects of dapagliflozin (DAPA) and empagliflozin (EMPA), administered either alone or alongside Zn, in an experimental diabetes model. Methods: T2DM was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats through a high-fat diet (HFD) followed by a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). Seven experimental groups were established: a control group, an untreated diabetic group, and treatment groups receiving DAPA, EMPA, or their combinations with Zn. Metabolic parameters, renal function, and histopathological alterations were assessed, while immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers. Results: Diabetic rats exhibited sustained hyperglycemia, metabolic imbalance, and significant renal damage, accompanied by elevated levels of inflammatory and fibrotic markers. Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors improved metabolic status, mitigated kidney injury, and reduced inflammatory marker expression. Zn association further potentiated these effects, with the most pronounced benefits observed when combined with EMPA. Conclusions: These findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors exert strong renoprotective effects in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Zn supplementation may amplify these benefits through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The combination of EMPA and Zn demonstrated the greatest protective effect, highlighting the potential of multi-target therapeutic strategies in diabetic kidney disease.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Cationic curdlan-based hydrogels loaded with Calendula officinalis-decorated silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biological properties
(Elsevier, 2026-07-06) Suflet, Dana M.; Popescu, Irina; Luca, Andreea; Butnaru, Maria; Rîmbu, Cristina-Mihaela; Horhogea, Cristina-Elena; Constantin, Marieta
Curdlan, known for its biomedical applications, and a quaternary derivative thereof with antimicrobial properties were used to prepare new hydrogels for potential applications in wound dressings. To enhance the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, silver nanoparticles synthesised in the presence of Calendula officinalis, known for its wound healing activity, were entrapped in the hydrogels. The parameters of the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles were studied to determine the optimal conditions. Then, the spherical nanoparticles (22 nm) containing biologically active compounds from the plant extract were introduced into the cross-linking process of curdlan and quaternary derivative. The hydrogels exhibited a well-defined porous morphology (60–70 μm) with interconnected pores, which can retain up to 20.34 g/g fluid under skin-simulated conditions. The new hydrogels, with an elastic modulus between 4.85 and 11.31 kPa, exhibit complete and rapid shape recovery after progressive compression of at least five cycles. In addition, they have been shown to be biocompatible in contact with human dermal fibroblasts and can even induce their migration and proliferation within the first 8 h of contact. They have antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, and the entrapment of silver nanoparticles leads to the augmentation of these properties.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Bioactive-Enriched Chitosan/Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Electrospun Nanofibers for Wound Healing: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation
(MDPI, 2026-04-05) Iurașcu, Teodora; Iacob, Andreea-Teodora; Solcan, Carmen; Urîtu, Cristina-Mariana; Profire, Bianca-Ștefania; Marangoci, Narcisa Laura; Coroaba, Adina; Andrei Szilagyi; Costăchescu, Ivona; Gogu, Maria-Raluca; Filipiuc, Leontina-Elena; Profire, Lenuța
Background: Wound healing remains a major clinical challenge, often impaired by persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, and abnormal extracellular matrix remodeling. Electrospun nanofibers (NFs) have emerged as promising wound dressing platforms due to their biomimetic structure and capacity to incorporate multiple bioactive compounds (ACs) with synergistic therapeutic effects. Objectives: This study aimed to biologically assess novel chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CH/PVA) NFs functionalized with natural active compounds (L-arginine—ARG, allantoin—ALA, royal jelly—RJ, and curcumin—CUR) as multifunctional systems for wound healing and tissue remodeling. Methods: The nanofibrous systems performed the in vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, PRAP), anti-inflammatory potential (protein denaturation test), hemocompatibility, and cytocompatibility using dermal fibroblasts. In vivo healing performance was evaluated in an excisional wound model using macroscopic wound contraction analysis, histopathology, and immunohistochemical staining (MMP-9, CD31, VEGF-A, α-SMA). Results: The bioactive-enriched CH/PVA NFs exhibited strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, excellent hemocompatibility (hemolysis < 5%), and excellent cytocompatibility, with promoting fibroblast proliferation. In vivo experiments revealed that the treated groups exhibited accelerated wound closure, improved re-epithelialization, increased angiogenesis, and showed more efficient tissue remodeling compared to the controls, as validated by histological and immunohistochemical studies. Conclusions: The findings indicate that bioactive-enriched CH/PVA NFs serve as effective, biocompatible, and multifunctional matrices for wound healing, hence endorsing their potential for further translational advancement in skin regeneration applications.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Evaluation of Functional Electrospun Chitosan-Based Nanofibers Loaded with Norfloxacin for Enhanced Burn Wound Healing Response
(MDPI, 2026-06-30) Coman, Corneliu-George; Gardikiotis, Ioannis; Solcan, Carmen; Tarțău, Cosmin-Gabriel; Caroline Chabot; Dodi, Gianina; Mititelu Tarțău, Liliana
Nanofibrous materials based on chitosan (CS) have attracted considerable attention for advanced wound management due to their excellent biocompatibility and their suitability as drug delivery systems for wound healing applications. Additional surface modification may improve their interaction with the wound environment and influence tissue repair mechanisms. TMC/CS nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning and subsequently processed into three formulations: unloaded fibers (NCC), norfloxacin-loaded fibers (NCX), and norfloxacin-loaded fibers modified with 2-formylphenylboronic acid (NCXA). The resulting materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Their therapeutic performance was evaluated in a standardized deep dermal burn model in Wistar rats, with Vaseline gauze and silver sulfadiazine serving as reference treatments. Wound healing progression was assessed through macroscopic examination, histopathological analysis, immunohistochemical evaluation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, VEGF, VCAM, and CD163 expression, and systemic IL-8 determination. Physicochemical characterization confirmed homogeneous nanofiber formation, efficient incorporation of norfloxacin, and successful surface modification. All electrospun formulations promoted improved healing outcomes compared with the untreated control group. Among them, the norfloxacin-loaded nanofiber formulation demonstrated the most pronounced wound-healing effect, characterized by faster re-epithelialization, attenuation of inflammatory mediators during later healing stages, and superior tissue architecture restoration. Conversely, the 2-formylphenylboronic acid-modified norfloxacin-loaded fiber formulation maintained a more persistent inflammatory state and exhibited a slower transition into the remodeling phase. Trimethyl chitosan-based nanofibers loaded with norfloxacin show strong potential as multifunctional wound dressing platforms capable of controlled drug release. The findings indicate that formulation composition plays a critical role in regulating inflammation and tissue regeneration, underscoring the need for continued refinement of chitosan-derived nanosystems for burn wound therapy.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Biocompatible and Antimicrobial Cellulosic Support via Bioactive Emulsion-Based Film
(MDPI, 2026-04-28) Danila, Angela; Chirilă, Laura; Popescu, Carmen-Mihaela; Voinea, Ionela Cristina; Rîmbu, Cristina-Mihaela; Türkoglu, Gizem Ceylan; Mureșan, Emil-Ioan; Costea, Mariana
Due to biodegradability, functionalization, and sustained release, polymer-based films are widely used in different industries. This study explores a bioactive emulsion-based film obtained using high-methoxy pectin (HMP), Origanum onites L. essential oil, and a hydroalcoholic extract of Thymus vulgaris L., prepared using various emulsion recipes. The emulsions obtained were applied to cellulose supports intended for topical applications. Bioactive textiles were analyzed using SEM-EDS elemental mapping, ATR FT-IR spectroscopy, biocompatibility assessment, antimicrobial activity assays, and analysis of comfort indices. SEM images of textile supports treated with bioactive emulsions confirmed the creation of a film surface and that the homogeneity of the film increases with increasing amount of glycerin, which acts as a plasticizer. Infrared spectra combined with their second derivatives and PCA indicate the presence of oregano essential oil, thyme extract, and pectin on the surface of the cotton. The biocompatibility evaluation of functionalized cotton supports revealed minimal cytotoxic effects on HaCaT human keratinocytes after 24 h of exposure. The results of the analyses showed that bioactive textile supports also exhibit antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the active emulsions with pectin, oregano essential oil, and hydroalcoholic extract of thyme provide biocompatible and antimicrobial active films by applying on cellulosic supports.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Azole–Flavonoid Hybrids as Emerging Anticancer Agents: A Bioactivity-Focused Review
(MDPI, 2026-02-20) Lipovanu, Mihaela; Miron, Anca; Filip, Nina; Horhogea, Cristina-Elena; Aprotosoaie, Ana Clara
Despite notable progress in drug discovery, cancer treatment remains hindered by limited therapeutic efficacy, poor target specificity, adverse effects, and the development of drug resistance. Molecular hybridization, which integrates two or more bioactive entities into a single molecule, has shown considerable potential to overcome these limitations. Since both azoles and flavonoids have demonstrated anticancer potential, extensive studies have been undertaken to combine the two entities and enhance the bioactivity of the resulting hybrids. In this context, numerous azole–flavonoid hybrids have been synthesized and investigated for their anticancer potential. This review provides an overview of the azole–flavonoid hybrids that are promising candidates for novel anticancer drug development, highlighting their superior antitumor potency compared to reference drugs, multitarget activity, tumor-selective cytotoxicity, efficacy against drug-resistant tumor cells, and structure–activity relationships. The review covers 250 hybrids, primarily triazole–chalcone hybrids but also triazole–flavone, flavanone, flavonol, and isoflavone hybrids, as well as other azole–flavonoid hybrids (imidazole–, pyrazole–, isoxazole–, and thiazole–flavonoid hybrids).
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
The Role of Spacer Segments in Increasing the Transfection Efficacy of Au-Core Polymeric-Shell Nanoparticulate Gene Vectors
(American Chemical Society, 2026-01-14) Bostiog, Denisse I.; Năstasă, Valentin; Cristina M. Al-Matarneh; Peptanariu, Dragoș; Mareș, Mihai; Pașca, Sorin-Aurelian; Bostănaru Iliescu, Andra-Cristina; Crăciun, Bogdan F.; Vasiliu, Tudor; Puf, Răzvan; Maier, Stelian S.; Pinteală, Mariana
The surface chemistry of gold nanoparticles is a key determinant of their final biological properties. In this study, we investigated the influence of the PEG chain length, positioned between the gold core and the cationic polymer, on the transfection efficiency in HeLa and HGF cell lines. Two types of nonviral vectors were synthesized from the same AuNPs, which were subsequently functionalized with PEG of 1000 and 2500 Da, respectively. Onto these PEG chains, identical copolymeric sequences of PEI2000-PEG500-GA were covalently attached to provide quasi-shielding (via PEG500) and enable tumor targeting/accumulation (via GA). Both vectors demonstrated that such functionalization enhances cellular uptake and targeting specificity while exhibiting excellent DNA delivery efficiency, minimal in vitro cytotoxicity, and no detectable in vivo adverse effects following intravenous administration in animal models. A superior loading capacity was observed when the PEG linked to the gold core was 2500 Da, suggesting a contribution from solvation-driven interactions.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Co-encapsulated fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles for potential applications in breast cancer therapy: Exploratory in vitro and in vivo studies
(Elsevier, 2026-04-26) Sandu, Ștefan; Dodi, Gianina; Gardikiotis, Ioannis; Crețu, Bianca-Elena-Beatrice; Luca, Andreea; Cojocaru, Florina Daniela; Vereștiuc, Liliana; Pașca, Sorin-Aurelian; Balan, Vera
This study describes, for the first time in the literature, a suitable approach to develop co-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles based on fluorescent biotinylated N-palmitoyl chitosan, hydrophobic magnetite, Docetaxel and Verapamil. The multicomponent nanostructures were obtained using a two-step method: ultrasonication-induced self-assembly followed by ionic gelation. Structural composition was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy; the magnetic nanostructures displayed an average hydrodynamic diameter of 322.20 ± 2.50 nm, a positive surface charge (5.63 ± 0.16 mV), good magnetic saturation (13.35 emu/g) and superparamagnetic behavior. In vitro drug release studies revealed a pH-responsive behavior for both encapsulated agents, with an enhanced release of the Verapamil. Cytotoxicity evaluation using live/dead assays on MCF-7 tumor spheroids embedded in collagen-based hydrogels demonstrated a substantial therapeutic effect. Serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were quantified to evaluate systemic inflammatory responses following intravenous administration of drug free magnetic nanoparticles. IL-8 concentrations were considerably increased at day 3, indicating an acute inflammatory response, decreased during the subacute phase (days 7 and 14) and returned to control levels by day 21, demonstrating good biocompatibility. No significant toxicity was observed for magnetic nanoparticles in the rats. Overall, these findings suggest that the developed magnetic nanoplatforms represents a promising candidate for breast cancer applications and merits further in vivo investigation to elucidate the action mechanism of encapsulated therapeutics and their pharmacologic activity.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
MRI-Based Radiomics Reveals Cannabinoid-Associated Tumor Phenotypes in a Murine Breast Cancer Model
(MDPI, 2026-03-31) Creangă-Murariu, Ioana; Pricope, Cosmin-Vasilică; Ciorpac, Mitică; Anaby, Debbie; Cohen, Kfir; Urîtu, Cristina-Mariana; Szilagyi, Andrei; Gogu, Raluca-Maria; Jalloul, Wael; Aniță, Adriana-Elena; Anită, Dragoș-Constantin; Baisan, Radu-Andrei; Alexa-Stratulat, Teodora; Tamba, Bogdan-Ionel
Introduction and Aim: Assessment of antitumor activity in preclinical models remains challenging when relying solely on conventional size-based imaging, particularly for complex agents such as cannabinoids, whose biological effects may not translate into early volumetric tumor changes. Cannabinoid formulations, including the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-182, Cannabixir® Medium dried flowers, and Cannabixir® THC full extract, exhibit diverse and potentially subtle effects on tumor biology. Radiomics enables high-throughput extraction of quantitative imaging features that capture intratumoral heterogeneity beyond gross tumor volume. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of MRI-based radiomics as a sensitive tool for detecting cannabinoid-associated tumor phenotypic modulation in a preclinical breast cancer model. Methods: Orthotopic breast tumors were induced in mice using the 4T1 cell line. Animals received cannabinoid formulations in combination with chemotherapy according to a predefined protocol. Tumor burden was assessed at baseline and post-treatment using ultrasonography and whole-body MRI to calculate tumor doubling time. T1- and T2-weighted MRI datasets were segmented and analyzed using radiomics to extract morphometric and signal-based features. Results: Conventional imaging revealed no significant differences in tumor doubling time between most cannabinoid-treated groups and controls, except for accelerated growth in animals treated with Cannabixir® THC full extract. In contrast, radiomics identified distinct, compound-specific tumor phenotypes, including structural features consistent with reduced aggressiveness, in JWH-182-treated tumors, despite similar volumetric growth patterns. Conclusion: MRI-based radiomics sensitively captures cannabinoid-associated tumor phenotype alterations beyond volumetric assessment, supporting its value as a pharmaco-imaging tool for characterizing treatment-related tumor biology in preclinical oncology.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Comparative Anatomy of the Hyoid Apparatus in Various Dog Breeds: Insights From Clinical Imaging
(Wiley, 2026-04-10) Altundağ, Yusuf; Ozkan, Ermiş; Yiğit, Funda; Avanus, Kozet; Hadziomerovic, Nedzad; Szara, Tomasz; Spătaru, Constantin
Background Studying the hyoid bone in dogs is of significant importance in veterinary surgery and anatomy, as it aids in understanding how variations in this structure may affect tongue mobility, swallowing and vocalisation across breeds. Objectives This study aims to provide preliminary insights into the relationship between structural differences in the hyoid bone and breed-specific functional adaptations in tongue shape and movement by analysing shape variations within the hyoid apparatus. Methods Hyoid bones from computed tomography images of 26 dogs were modelled, and principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to examine shape variation in the hyoid bones. Additionally, the influences of age and weight on hyoid bone shape were assessed. Results PCA showed that PC1 (42.4%) reflected a relatively conservative pattern related to hyoid and skull morphology, whereas PC2 and PC3 indicated greater individual variation. Brachycephalic breeds exhibited a more dorsoventrally positioned and compact hyoid structure, while mesocephalic breeds showed a more aligned and elongated configuration of the stylohyoid and thyrohyoid bones. No significant correlations were found between hyoid shape and age, weight or Procrustes distance, suggesting a stronger influence of genetic factors. Conclusions Understanding the morphological variation of the hyoid bone in dogs contributes to veterinary anatomy and has practical applications in veterinary medicine, particularly in surgical and rehabilitation practices. Given the hyoid apparatus's critical role in swallowing and vocalisation, insights from this study may enhance clinical approaches to treating conditions linked to hyoid bone morphology.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Sella Turcica Shape as a Marker for Breed and Sex Classification in Sheep
(MDPI, 2026-03-19) Bektaș Bilgiç, Eylem; Szara, Tomasz; Gündemir, Ozan; Kaska, Zuzanna; Temir, Muhammed Taha; Güzel, Barıș Can; Ișbilir, Fatma; Deveci, Emine Irem; Cherșunaru, Alexandra-Andreea; Spătaru, Mihaela-Claudia
Recent anatomical and morphometric studies indicate that the sella turcica is a structurally informative region and a distinctive anatomical formation that can exhibit shape variation among individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in three dimensions, the extent to which sella turcica morphology differs among three sheep breeds (Akkaraman, Morkaraman, Zom) and between sexes. A total of 102 specimens were examined. All skulls were CT-scanned specifically for this study; the sella turcica region was reconstructed as a three-dimensional model, and 12 anatomical landmarks were manually digitized for each specimen. The findings showed that sella turcica size differed among breeds, with the Zom group exhibiting the largest sella turcica size. In contrast, no clear size difference was observed between females and males. Shape assessment also revealed differences among breeds, largely driven by the separation of Zom from Akkaraman and Morkaraman, whereas no distinct sex-related shape pattern was detected. Importantly, the breed-related shape differences persisted after accounting for size effects. Overall, these results suggest that the sella turcica carries a breed-associated morphological signal in sheep, while showing no pronounced sexual differentiation in the present sample.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Morphometric Assessment of Pelvic Asymmetry in Domestic Cats and Dogs
(MDPI, 2026-02-27) Altundag, Yusuf; Yalin, Ebru Eravci; Bayraktar, Simge; Karabaglı, Murat; Bektaș Bilgiç, Eylem; Can Güzel, Bariș; Cherșunaru, Alexandra-Andreea; Korkmazcan, Aycan; Manuta, Nicoleta; Gündemir, Ozan; Spătaru, Mihaela-Claudia
This study used 3D landmark-based geometric morphometrics under an object-symmetry framework to quantify pelvic asymmetry in domestic cats and dogs while explicitly accounting for measurement error through replicate digitizations. Procrustes ANOVA revealed significant components of both directional asymmetry (DA) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the overall dataset, and DA was further visualized as a structured, non-random pattern across the landmark configuration. Measurement error remained smaller than the FA component, yielding high repeatability, indicating that the detected asymmetry patterns were not driven by landmarking imprecision. Group-wise summaries are presented as descriptive patterns of the sample (rather than direct between-group inference). In these descriptive summaries, cats tended to show a more coherent DA pattern, whereas dogs showed greater individual variation consistent with a relatively stronger FA component; males also tended to exhibit greater FA-related dispersion than females. In regression models of FA, age showed no association, body mass exhibited only a weak trend, and sex emerged as a significant predictor, while species showed no detectable effect when covariates were included. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that pelvic shape contains both systematic (DA) and individual-specific (FA) asymmetry components, with sex-related differences in FA magnitude, but limited evidence for age- or weight-related effects within the sampled range. The study provides a repeatable framework and baseline reference for pelvic asymmetry in cats and dogs.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Therapeutic relevance of an EU-GMP certified Cannabis sativa L. strain in a dual in vivo model of cognitive impairment and chronic neuropathic pain
(Frontiers Media, 2026-02-20) Costăchescu, Ivona; Gogu, Raluca-Maria; Stanciu, Gabriela-Dumitrița; Solca, Carmen; Horodincu, Loredana; Szilagyi, Andrei; Crăciun,Vlad-Constantin; Ababei, Daniela-Carmen; Tamba, Bogdan-Ionel
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and frequently co-occurs with chronic pain. Worldwide, over 55 million people are affected by AD, with nearly half experiencing persistent pain. Chronic pain has been linked to accelerated memory deterioration and an increased risk of dementia, but the interplay between these conditions remains poorly understood. Existing therapies for AD and chronic pain are limited in efficacy, highlighting the need for interventions targeting multiple pathological pathways. The endocannabinoid system, which is altered in both AD and chronic pain, represents a potential therapeutic target, though its role in AD patients with comorbid pain remains unexplored. Methods: The study evaluated the effects of an EU-GMP certified Cannabis sativa L. strain (5 mg/kg, Cannabixir® Medium Flos) on neurobiological alterations in a rat model designed to explore mechanistic interactions between scopolamine-induced transient cognitive impairment and chronic neuropathic pain induced by unilateral sciatic nerve ligation. Treatment outcomes were assessed through nociceptive tests, clinical monitoring and tissue analyses to examine cognitive and pain-related effects. Results: Cannabixir® Medium Flos induced robust, time-dependent analgesia in thermal nociceptive tests, with the combination of the Cannabis sativa L. strain, donepezil and tramadol producing significantly longer response latencies than tramadol alone. Mechanical sensitivity was minimally affected across treatments. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Cannabixir® Medium Flos, either alone or in combination with donepezil or tramadol, produced the most pronounced neuroprotective effects, reducing astrocytic (GFAP) and microglial (Iba1) activation, lowering Caspase-3 and IL-6 expression, and preserving both hippocampal neuronal integrity as well as peripheral nerve structure. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Cannabixir® Medium Flos, particularly when combined with donepezil and tramadol, provides superior analgesic and neuroprotective effects compared to tramadol alone. Its multi-target action - alleviating thermal nociception, reducing neuroinflammation, limiting apoptosis and preserving neuronal and peripheral nerve integrity—supports its potential as an adjunct therapy in managing dementia with comorbid chronic neuropathic pain. Future studies should explore the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and assess long-term safety and efficacy across diverse models of neurodegeneration and chronic pain.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Pest Des Petits Ruminants in Eastern Europe: An Emerging Threat
(Paradigm Publishing Services, 2026-04-02) Rățoi, Ioana-Alexandra; Oșlobanu, Luanda-Elena; Porea, Daniela; Maftei, Daniel Narcis; Kureljušić, Jasna; Milićević, Vesna; Kureljušić, Branislav; Vasić, Ana
Peste des petits ruminants is a highly contagious viral disease affecting small ruminants, with significant socioeconomic impact, particularly in regions with extensive livestock farming. It poses a growing threat to animal health and food security, making its surveillance and control a global priority. This review aims to assess the current epidemiological status of PPR in Europe during 2024–2025, focusing on affected countries. Official data from national veterinary authorities and international reporting systems such as ADIS and WOA H were analyzed. The review synthesizes recent trends in PPR outbreaks, concerning their timeline and geographic spread, assesses the prevention and control strategies adopted by the affected countries, and highlights challenges that encumbered effective disease management. Additionally, the paper documents clinical and pathological features observed during confirmed outbreaks in Tulcea, Romania, in 2024, providing a practical insight into the field presentation of the disease. In 2024–2025, Peste des petits ruminants re-emerged in Southeastern Europe, with confirmed outbreaks reported in Romania, Greece, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Albania. Delays in detection and insufficient cross-border coordination have significantly hindered containment efforts. While emergency measures—such as culling and enhanced surveillance—were implemented, structural or decisional ongoing challenges in veterinary systems and limited awareness among livestock owners continue to pose major challenges. Moreover, negative public responses to necessary control measures may further impede timely reporting and detection of future outbreaks. These findings highlight the urgent need for strengthening the regional cooperation and capacity-building to improve early warning systems and response capabilities. Without timely field recognition and coordinated interventions, the risk of a broader regional spread increases, threatening the EU ’s PPR-free status and undermining global eradication efforts.
listelement.badge.access-status Open Access ,
Addisonian Crisis Mimicking Acute Kidney Injury in Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 34 Dogs Diagnosed with Acute Kidney Injury in Romania
(MDPI, 2026-01-14) Roșca, Ștefania; Solcan, Gheorghe; Moroz, Mihail; Ștefănescu, Raluca-Adriana; Levința, Alina; Pașca, Paula-Maria
Primary hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s disease) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening endocrine disorder in dogs. Affected animals may present with clinicopathological features mimicking acute kidney injury (AKI). The challenge in diagnosing hypoadrenocorticism arises from its highly heterogeneous and non-specific clinical presentation, including acute kidney injury (AKI). This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate dogs presenting with AKI and to identify cases in which primary hypoadrenocorticism was the underlying etiology. Thirty-four dogs diagnosed with acute kidney injury were evaluated at the Clinical Hospital for Companion Animals of the “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, Iași, Romania, among which three (8.8%) were endocrinologically confirmed to have primary hypoadrenocorticism. The evaluation protocol included a complete clinical examination, hematological, biochemical, and hormonal investigations, urinalysis, abdominal ultrasonography, and an ACTH stimulation test. These dogs exhibited hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, a reduced sodium-to-potassium ratio, and azotemia at admission, closely resembling intrinsic AKI. Following fluid therapy and hormone replacement, rapid normalization of electrolyte and renal parameters was observed. These findings support hypovolemia and electrolyte imbalance as the primary mechanisms underlying reversible prerenal azotemia in these cases. If not diagnosed early, this condition has a significant risk of progressing to acute tubular necrosis. The findings highlight the need for careful differentiation between primary AKI and renal dysfunction secondary to Addison’s disease, as well as the importance of promptly initiating hormone replacement therapy. In conclusion, hypoadrenocorticism should be considered in dogs presenting with AKI and electrolyte imbalance. Early endocrine evaluation and prompt initiation of targeted therapy are essential to avoiding misdiagnosis and optimizing clinical outcomes.

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